1、 ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02) PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part 3: Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT Channel and Noise Measurements Technical Report ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)2Reference DTR/PLT-00028 Keywords MIMO, noise, powerline ETSI 650 Route des Lucio
2、les F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:
3、/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the pri
4、nting on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:
5、/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and
6、the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
7、for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Norm
8、ative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Symbols 7g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g33.2.1 Abbreviations Used for Feeding Styles 8g34 Major Project Phases 8g35 Motivation 9g36 Measurement Description. 9g36.1 Introduction 9g36.2 Couplers to Connect Measurement Eq
9、uipment to the LVDN 12g36.3 General Set-up Before Starting Measurements 12g36.4 Channel Transfer Function Measurements (S21) 12g36.4.1 Set-Up . 12g36.4.2 Calibration of NWA 13g36.4.3 Functional Test Before Starting Channel Transfer Function Measurements 13g36.4.3.1 Functional Test of the Interfaces
10、. 14g36.4.3.1.1 Slide Switch Positions . 14g36.4.3.1.2 Typical Insertion Loss for All Three Channels . 14g36.4.3.2 Functional Test of the Star Interfaces 14g36.4.3.3 Functional Test of the Common Mode Interface 15g36.4.3.3.1 Typical Insertion Loss . 15g36.4.4 Coupler Configuration for Transfer Funct
11、ion Measurements . 16g36.4.4.1 Transmitter Side Coupler Configuration for Transfer Function Measurements 16g36.4.4.1.1 Slide Switch Positions . 16g36.4.4.2 Receiver Side Coupler Configuration for Transfer Function Measurements 16g36.4.5 Conducting Channel Transfer (S21) Measurements 17g36.5 Reflecti
12、on (S11) Measurements . 17g36.5.1 Measurement Principle . 17g36.5.2 Set-Up . 18g36.5.3 Calibration of NWA 18g36.5.4 Functional Test Before Starting Reflection (S11) Measurements 19g36.5.4.1 Slide Switch Positions . 19g36.5.4.2 Typical Return Loss for Inputs P-N; N-E and E-P 19g36.5.5 Conducting Refl
13、ection (S11) Measurements 20g36.6 Set-Up for Noise Measurements 20g36.6.1 Set-Up . 20g36.7 General Equipment List 22g36.7.1 Coaxial Cables 22g36.7.2 Network Analyzer . 22g36.7.2.1 Agilent E5071B . 23g36.7.2.2 Agilent E5071C . 23g36.7.2.3 Rohde Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ET
14、SI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the exist
15、ence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). The present docum
16、ent is part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the MIMO PLT as identified below: Part 1: “Measurement Methods of MIMO PLT“; Part 2: “Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT EMI Measurements“; Part 3: “Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT Channel and Noise Measurements“. Introduction The S
17、TF 410 (Special Task Force) was set up in order to study and compare MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) characteristics of the LVDN network in different countries. The present document is one of three parts of TR 101 562 which contain the findings of STF 410 research. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.
18、1 (2012-02)61 Scope MIMO PLT Channel and noise is reviewed and statistical analysis performed, which takes into account earthing variations, country variation, operator differences, phasing and distribution topologies, domestic, industrial and residential types, as well as local network loading. 2 R
19、eferences References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies.
20、 Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this document were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative ref
21、erences The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subje
22、ct area. i.1 Sartenaer, T. Zeddam, T. Chonavel, “MIMO Communications for Inhome PLC Networks: Measurements and Results up to 100 MHz“, IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC), Rio, Brasil, March 2010. i.3 A. Schwager, “Powerline Communications: Signific
23、ant Technologies to become Ready for Integration“ Doctoral Thesis at University of Duisburg-Essen, May 2010. i.4 CISPR 16-1-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus“. i.5
24、ETSI TR 101 562-1 (V1.3.1): “Powerline Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part 1: Measurement Methods of MIMO PLT“. i.6 ETSI TR 101 562-2 (V1.2.1): “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); MIMO PLT; Part 2: Setup and Statistical Results of MIMO PLT EMI Measurements“. i.7 Paulraj, A., Nabar, R. Cambridg
25、e University Press, 2003. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)73 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: B Bandwidth C Channel Capacity D Diagonal Matrixf Frequency k kilo, most used at kilo Ohms H Channel Matrix Hz Hertz I Curr
26、ent L Inductance Singular Value or Eigen Value nF nanoFarads R ResistorU,V unitary matrices uH micro Henry Z Impedance 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current ADC Analog to Digital Converter AGC Automatic Gain Control AMN
27、Artificial Mains Network AMP Amplifier AWG Arbitrary Waveform Generator BG Band Gap BNC Bayonet Nut Connector C-CDF Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (1-CDF) CDF Cumulative Distribution Function CM Common Mode CSV Comma Separated Values DAC Digital to Analog Converter DC Direct Current
28、DM Differential Mode DSO Digital Storage Oscilloscope E Protective Earth Contact EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electro Magnetic Interference FD Frequency Domain FM Frequency ModulationHD-TV High Definition Television HP High Pass IF Intermediate frequency LCZC Line Cycle Zero Crossing LISN L
29、ine Impedance Stabilization Network LP Low Pass LVDN Low Voltage Distribution Network MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MS Mega Sample N Neutral contactNRNumber of Receive ports ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)8NTNumber of Transmit ports NWA Network Analyzer P Phase or life contact PE Prote
30、ctive EarthPLC PowerLine Communication PLT PowerLine Telecommunications PSD Power Spectral Density PWR Power RCD Residual Current Device Rx Receiver S11, S21Scattering parameters, reflection, transmission SBF-FM Stop Band Frequency- Frequency Modulation SISO Single Input Single Output SMA SubMiniatu
31、re version A SNR Signal to Noise Ratio STF Special Task Force SVD Singular Value Decomposition SW Short Wave T Transformer TD Time Domain Tx TransmitterUK United Kingdom ZDMImpedance Differential Mode 3.2.1 Abbreviations Used for Feeding Styles APN Signal feed mode: Dual wire feed (version C of clau
32、se 7.1.4.5 in i.5) to input P|N E in figure 28 of i.5 CM Signal feed mode: Common mode, P, N, E terminated to ground EP Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between E and P, PN and NE terminated EP-NET Signal feed mode: Differential between E and P, only NE terminated EPNT Signal feed mode: DELTA
33、(differential) between E and P, PN and NE not terminated NE Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between N and E, PN and EP terminated NE-EPT Signal feed mode: Differential between N and E, only EP terminated NENT Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between N and E, PN and EP not terminated PN
34、Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between P and N, NE and EP terminated PNE Signal feed mode: Dual wire feed (version C of clause 7.1.4.5 in i.5) to input PN in figure 28 of i.5 PNNT Signal feed mode: DELTA (differential) between P and N, NE and EP not terminated (SISO) 4 Major Project Phases T
35、able 1 No. Period Topic Event 01 Sept. 2010 Project organization Definition of targets, what and how to measure STF 410 Preparatory Meeting Stuttgart, Germany 02 Nov 2010 Setup of MIMO PLT measurements (EMI, Channel and Noise) Several STF 410 phone conferences. Drafting of measurement specification
36、03 Dec. 2010 1stversion of the STF410 couplers Coupler to send and receive MIMO PLT signals developed 04 Jan 2011 and later Verification of couplers and filters developed for STF410.14 identical couplers are manufactured and shipped to the STF experts Couplers are used by STF410 experts in field mea
37、surements in private homes 05 March 2011 Agreement on STF410 logistics, when and where to perform field measurements 06 April 2011 Approval of 1stTR on STF410 couplers ETSI PLT#59 ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)9No. Period Topic Event 07 March 2011 to June 2011 Field measurements in Spain, G
38、ermany, France, Belgium and the United Kingdom 08 June 2011 Statistical evaluation of results Several STF 410 phone conferences 09 July 2011 Approval of 2ndTR on EMI results ETSI PLT #60 10 Oct. 2010 to August 2011 Evaluation of worldwide presence of PE wire 11 June to August 2011 Drafting and STF 4
39、10 review and approval process 12 Sept. 2011 Presentation of channel and noise measurement to ETSI PLT plenary ETSI PLT #61 13 Oct 2011 Revision and rearrangement of TR content for all 3 parts 14 Nov 2012 Approval of all 3 parts of TR 101 562 ETSI PLT #62 5 Motivation PLT systems available today use
40、 only one transmission path between two outlets. It is the differential mode channel between the phase (or live) and neutral contact of the mains. These systems are called SISO (Single Input Single Output) modems. In contrast, MIMO PLT systems make use of the third wire, PE (Protective Earth), which
41、 provides several transmission combinations for feeding and receiving signals into and from the LVDN. Various research publications i.1, i.2 or i.3 describe that up to 8 transmission paths might be used simultaneously. Further description of: motivation for MIMO PLT; installation types and the exist
42、ence of the PE wire in private homes; measurement Setup description to record throughput communication parameters and their results; can be found in i.5 and i.6. 6 Measurement Description 6.1 Introduction At the beginning of the measurement campaign, different strategies were discussed on how to bes
43、t measure a set of desired properties. The main question was if LVDN properties should be recorded in Time- (TD) or Frequency Domain (FD). Each method has pros and cons. Please read the comparison chart below for an overview. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)10Table 2: Comparison of TD and FD
44、Measurements Channel Measurements TD FD Concept Full MIMO Channel has to be calculated from reference symbols Full MIMO Channel is derived by superposition of individual sweeps Fast during field measurements Individual paths are measured sequentially Tools Arbitrary Waveform Generator + Dig. Storage
45、 scope Network Analyzer AGC? AGC needs to be tuned No AGC Dynamic Range Limited to resolution of DSO (usually 8 bit) Huge: 100 dB Size of Data Amount of data to be collected is huge (f(Sample) + duration of record) Depends on number of points (1 601 / sweep) Sync to LCZC Synchronization with AC line
46、 cycle at AWG Synchronization with AC line cycle is difficult with NWA Frequent sync with receiver necessary Record channel on LCZC Uncertainties Accuracy is better, measurement uncertainty is less Noise Noise information is free (in a limited dynamic range) Using NWA, noise might cause errors, with
47、out the operator noticing Noise measurements in dependency of LCZC in TD to record phase of the 4 paths possible Channel measurements are conducted in FD due to the larger dynamic range and better accuracy. Also, noise is recorded in TD. In order to increase the number of measurements recorded, STF
48、410 was split into several teams operating in parallel in various countries. Measurement campaigns where conducted in Belgium, Germany, France, Spain and the United Kingdom. To guarantee comparability of the individually recorded data, each team is equipped with identical probes or PLT couplers. The
49、 measurements themselves are performed with general purpose equipment like NWA (Network Analyzers) and DSO (Digital Storage Oscilloscopes). Figure 1 shows each teams measurement equipment. ETSI ETSI TR 101 562-3 V1.1.1 (2012-02)11NWA (top), Spectrum Analyzer, Amplifier and isolation transformer (bottom), LISN (right) DSO and filter bank mounted to ground plane, NWA (left) DSO top, Spectrum analyzer, power supply and filters for noise recording Equipment of the team in Germany Equipment of the team in Belgium / Germany / UK DSO, amplifi
