1、 ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based location systems; Minimum performance and features Technical Report ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 2Reference DTR/SES-00317 Keywords GNSS, location, MSS, navigation, p
2、erformance, receiver, satellite, system, terminal ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important noti
3、ce Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable
4、 Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on
5、 the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be
6、 reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2012. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the
7、benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTETMare Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 3Contents Intellectual Property R
8、ights 5g3Foreword . 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 7g33.3 Abbreviations . 8g34 Location based applications needs . 9g35 Location systems 11g35.1 Generic context 11g
9、35.1.1 Architecture example from existing systems 12g35.2 Location systems key features 14g35.2.1 Position horizontal accuracy . 15g35.2.1.1 Feature description 15g35.2.1.2 Feature metric . 15g35.2.1.3 Example of implementation 15g35.2.2 Position authentication 16g35.2.2.1 Feature description 16g35.
10、2.2.2 Feature metric . 17g35.2.2.3 Example of implementation 17g35.2.3 Position availability 19g35.2.3.1 Feature description 19g35.2.3.2 Feature metric . 19g35.2.3.3 Example of implementation 19g35.2.4 Position integrity . 19g35.2.4.1 Feature description 19g35.2.4.2 Feature metric . 20g35.2.4.3 Exam
11、ple of implementation 20g35.2.5 Interference mitigation 23g35.2.5.1 Feature description 23g35.2.5.2 Feature metric . 23g35.2.5.3 Example of implementation 24g35.2.6 Additional key features . 24g35.3 Mapping of application classes to features . 24g35.4 Enabling technologies 26g35.4.1 Terminal level .
12、 26g35.4.1.1 Sensor technologies . 26g35.4.1.1.1 GNSS receiver. 26g35.4.1.1.2 Inertial Navigation Sensor (INS) . 27g35.4.1.1.3 Communication network sensors . 28g35.4.1.1.4 Smart antenna 28g35.4.1.1.5 Additional sensors . 30g35.4.1.2 Technology combination considered (system classes) 30g35.4.1.2.1 T
13、ype 1: standalone GNSS receivers 30g35.4.1.2.2 Type 2: GNSS receivers combined with inertial sensor 30g35.4.1.2.3 Type 3: GNSS receivers combined with smart antenna 32g35.4.1.2.4 Additional types of terminal 32g35.4.2 System central facility level 32g35.4.3 Telecommunications systems . 33g35.5 Opera
14、tional environments 35g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 45.5.1 Environment characterisation criteria . 35g35.5.2 Definition of operational environments 36g35.5.2.1 Open area 36g35.5.2.2 Rural area 36g35.5.2.3 Suburban area 36g35.5.2.4 Urban area . 36g35.5.2.5 Covered area . 36g35.5.2.6 Asymmet
15、ric area . 36g35.5.2.7 Industrial area 36g35.5.3 Generic environments characterisation . 37g36 Preliminary system architecture and performance . 40g36.1 Introduction 40g36.2 Reference architecture 41g36.2.1 Stage 1 architecture . 41g36.2.1.1 Logical reference model 41g36.2.1.2 Functional entities .
16、41g36.2.1.3 Functional Interfaces. 42g36.2.2 Stage 2 architecture . 42g36.2.2.1 Interface 6 . 44g36.2.2.2 Interface 5 . 46g36.2.2.3 Interface 4 . 46g36.2.2.4 Interface 3 . 47g36.2.2.5 Interface 2 . 48g36.2.2.6 Interface 1 . 49g36.3 Performance requirements 49g36.3.1 Horizontal accuracy 49g36.3.2 Aut
17、hentication . 51g36.3.3 Protection Level 52g36.3.4 Interferer localization 53g36.4 Test principles 53g37 Possible standardization action plan and priorities 55g37.1 Needed technical specifications . 55g37.2 Perimeter of first release . 56g37.3 Evolution plan 56g3History 57g3ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1
18、.1 (2012-09) 5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intelle
19、ctual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including
20、 IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been prod
21、uced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 61 Scope The present document addresses location systems combining telecommunication networks with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and other navigation technologies in order t
22、o deliver location based services. The analysis contained in the present document is intended to highlight the growing use of complex location systems in order to deal with the expansion of location based applications in a mass market. The objective is thus to demonstrate both relevancy and achievab
23、ility of standardising a high-level architecture for these systems, and the associated minimum performance. In order to achieve this objective, the present document first provides a reminder of the types of applications which rely on location information provided by such systems in order to provide
24、services. Secondly, it describes these location systems, in terms of key functions to be fulfilled (also called key features) and available enabling technologies at system components level (navigation sensors, hybridization techniques). It also focuses on the definition of operation environments app
25、licable to such systems (depending on the type of application). Finally, preliminary location systems architecture, interfaces and performances are defined. It is highlighted that the scope of this technical work specifically excludes standardisation of safety of life applications related to civil a
26、viation, which are already addressed through, in particular, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) standards. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited v
27、ersion applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks inclu
28、ded in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documen
29、ts are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI TR 103 183 (V1.1.1): “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) based applications and standardisation needs“. i.2
30、 RTCA DO-229D (2006-12): “Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment“. i.3 OMA-TS-ULP-V2-0-20100816-C (2010-08): “User Plane Location Protocol“. i.4 ETSI TS 122 071 (V9.0.0): “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Ph
31、ase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Location Services (LCS); Service description; Stage 1 (3GPP TS 22.071 version 9.0.0 Release 9)“. ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 73 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document,
32、the following terms and definitions apply: application central part: entity hosting the Location based application, that interacts with a Location system central facility in order to obtain Location information for one or more mobile targets NOTE: The application central part can be located inside o
33、r outside the Positioning terminal. location based application: application which is able to deliver a service to one or several users, built on the processing of the Location information related to one or several mobile targets location information: information about the position and other related
34、information of a positioning terminal NOTE: It is the main output of a Location system. The information can be of several types: not only the terminal position itself, but also the reliability of the reported position, the authenticity of the reported position, the probability that the terminal is/w
35、as in a given pre-defined area, information related to the terminal motion (speed, acceleration, gyros, etc.), etc. location system: infra-structure for reporting to a location based application the Location information of one or several positioning terminals, periodically or upon request location s
36、ystem central facility: logical entity, inside a Location system, that manages the location information exchange protocol with the application central part, which is the location system external client mobile target: physical entity whose position the location system builds the location information
37、on, and to which the positioning terminal is attached positioning terminal: logical entity, inside a Location system, that contains a GNSS receiver and possibly additional sensors, and is physically located with the mobile target NOTE: It executes the measurements needed to determine its position, a
38、nd implements part of the location determination functions. It embeds the group of sensors needed to execute these tasks. This group can include navigation sensors (GNSS, Inertial, Odometers, etc.), wireless network modems (terrestrial or satellite). 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present docum
39、ent, the following symbols apply: Carrier phase Accel Error on sensor acceleration (from INS) Att Error on sensor attitude (from INS) Gyro Error on sensor gyroscopes (from INS) Pos Error on sensor position (from INS) Pos3D Uncertainty on sensor position (from GNSS) V Error on sensor attitude (from I
40、NS) V3DUncertainty on sensor speed (from GNSS) d Carrier Doppler PGNSSPosition estimate coming from GNSS sensor PINS Position estimate coming from the INS VGNSSSpeed estimate coming from GNSS sensor VINS Speed estimate coming from the INS ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 83.3 Abbreviations For
41、the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 3GPP 3rdGeneration Partnership Project ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance Systems AL Alarm Limit BTS Base station Transceiver System DOA Direction Of Arrival ECEF Earth Centred Earth Fixed EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution EGNO
42、S European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference FDAF Frequency Domain Adaptive Filtering GCF Global Certification Forum GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit GIVE Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian based system) GNSS Globa
43、l Navigation Satellite System GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global System for Mobile communications HPE Horizontal Positioning Error HPL Horizontal Protection Level IMU Inertial Measurement Unit INS Inertial Navigation Sensor IRS Inertial Reference System ITS Int
44、elligent Transport Systems LCS LoCation Services LEO Low Earth Orbit LOS Line Of SightLTE Long Term Evolution MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems MEXSAT Mexican Satellite System MI Mis-Integrity MMI Man-Machine Interface MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Specification MP Multipath MPS Minimum P
45、erformance Standard MS Mobile Station NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator NMR Network Measurement Results ODTS Orbit Determination and Time Synchronisation OMA Open Mobile Alliance OTDOA Observed Time Difference Of Arrival PAYD Pay As You Drive PE Positioning ErrorPL Protection Level PRS Public Re
46、gulated Services PVT Position, Velocity and Time QoS Quality of Service QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics RTK Real Time Kinematic SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation S
47、ystem SCN Satellite Communications and Navigation (Working Group of TC-SES) SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center SUPL Secure User Plane for Location ETSI ETSI TR 101 593 V1.1.1 (2012-09) 9SV Satellite Vehicle TBC To Be Confirmed TBD To Be Defined TC-SES Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations an
48、d Systems TTA Time To Alarm TTFF Time To First Fix UDRE User Differential Range Error UERE User Equivalent Range Error UHF Ultra-High Frequency UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System VPL Vertical Protection Level WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System WI-FI Wireless Fidelity 4 Location based ap
49、plications needs A thorough inventory of the location based applications is done in TR 103 183 i.1. This inventory is used as a reference in the present document. The present clause only acts as a reminder of the conclusion of this inventory, presented as a classification of these applications. It is indeed possible to organize applications facing similar needs in a reduced number of classes: a) Location Based Charging: - The objective is to charge a user based on its reported position. The main requirements are: square4 Reliability of check point crossing d
