1、 ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Cross Layer DCC Management Entity for operation in the ITS G5A and ITS G5B medium; Report on Cross layer DCC algorithms and performance evaluation TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 2Reference DTR/ITS-0020055
2、Keywords ITS, Spectral Management ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present d
3、ocument can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any exis
4、ting or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be sub
5、ject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ET
6、SI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authori
7、zation of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE a
8、re Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs termin
9、ology 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 9g33.3 Abbreviations . 10g34 Introduction 11g35 Architecture 12g35.1 Introduction 12g35.2 Configurations of the DCC architectur
10、e . 12g35.2.1 DCC configuration 1 . 12g35.2.2 DCC configuration 2 . 13g35.2.3 DCC configuration 3 . 15g35.2.4 DCC configuration 4 . 16g35.3 Communication stack . 17g35.3.1 Facilities layer . 17g35.3.2 Networking and transport layer 18g35.3.3 Access layer 19g35.3.3.1 Gatekeeper architecture . 19g35.3
11、.3.2 Traffic class prioritization . 20g35.3.3.3 DCC queues 21g35.3.3.4 DCC power control . 21g35.3.3.5 DCC flow control 22g35.3.3.6 ITS-G5 radio . 23g35.3.4 Management plane 23g35.3.4.1 DCC_CROSS component . 23g35.3.4.2 DCC_CROSS_Facilities . 24g35.3.4.3 DCC_CROSS_Net Essential, or potentially Essen
12、tial, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can
13、 be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport System
14、s (ITS). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “may not“, “need“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisio
15、ns). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 61 Scope The present document provides a preliminary technical overview of the cross-layer decentralized congestion control (DCC) architecture to be implemented
16、in the ITS-S. It describes DCC functions and testable DCC limits and includes initial performance evaluation results based on simulations. In addition, reference scenarios and parameters used for performance evaluation purposes and the corresponding evaluation metrics are summarized. It will be comp
17、leted by a Technical Report with validation set-up and results. Both will serve as a basis for the Technical Specification of the Cross Layer DCC control entity in the ITS G5A and ITS G5B media. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or v
18、ersion number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be f
19、ound at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. No
20、t applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 IEEE 802.11-2012: “IEEE Wireless Local Access Network - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
21、 Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications“. i.2 ETSI TS 102 687: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Decentralized Congestion Control Mechanisms for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz range; Access layer part“. i.3 ETSI EN 302 636-4-1: “Intelligent Transport Systems
22、(ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications; Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality“. i.4 ETSI TS 102 636-4-2: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; GeoNetworki
23、ng; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications; Sub-part 2: Media-dependent functionalities for ITS-G5“. i.5 ETSI TS 102 723-3: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 3: Interface between management entity and
24、access layer“. i.6 ETSI TS 102 723-4: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 4: Interface between management entity and networking OSI cross-layer topics; Part 5: Interface between management entity and facilities layer“. i.8 ETSI TS 102 723-10: “Intelligent Transport Sys
25、tems (ITS); OSI cross-layer topics; Part 10: Interface between access layer and networking OSI cross-layer topics; Part 11: Interface between networking and transport layer and facilities layer“. i.10 ETSI EN 302 665: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture“. i.11 ETSI EN 3
26、02 663: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Access layer specification for Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency band“. i.12 ETSI EN 302 571: “Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Radiocommunications equipment operating in the 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency band; Harmoni
27、zed EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Mitigation techniques to avoid interference between European CEN Dedicated Short Range Communication (CEN DSRC) equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range“. i.15 ETSI TS 103 257: “Intelli
28、gent Transport Systems (ITS); Access Layer; ITS-G5 Channel Models and Performance Analysis Framework“. i.16 M. Rondinone et al.: “iTETRIS: A Modular Simulation Platform for the Large Scale Evaluation of Cooperative ITS Applications“, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume 34, May 2013. i.1
29、7 M. Boban: “GEMV2: Geometry-based Efficient Propagation Model for V2V Communication“, available at http:/. i.18 G. Bansal and J.B. Kenney: “Controlling Congestion in Safety-Message Transmissions: A Philosophy for Vehicular DSRC Systems,“ Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE, vol.8, no.4, pp. 20 - 26
30、, December 2013. i.19 B. Kloiber, J. Hrri, T. Strang.: “Dice the TX power - Improving Awareness Quality in VANETs by Random Transmit Power Selection“, IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC12), Seoul, Republic of Korea, November 2012. i.20 T.Tielert, D.Jiang, L. Delgrossi, H. Hartenstein, “Design
31、 methodology and evaluation of rate adaptation based congestion control for vehicle safety communications,“ IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC 11), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Nov. 2011. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms a
32、nd definitions given in IEEE 802.11-2012 i.1, ETSI EN 302 665 i.10, ETSI EN 302 663 i.11, ETSI EN 302 571 i.12 and the following apply: adaptability: performance characteristic, which indicates that a system is capable of adjusting its parameters to maintain the same level of performance when the in
33、put conditions are changing CBR evaluation: function that transforms the hardware specific CL value into a hardware independent local CBR value channel access time: variable representing the time for an ITS-S to access the channel and send a packet. channel busy ratio: time-dependent value between z
34、ero and one (both inclusive) representing the fraction of time that the channel was busy NOTE: this is one implementation of the channel load metric. ETSI ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 8channel load: reference metrics, ranging between 0 and 1, which represents the relative quality of the channel.
35、 The higher the load on the channel, the less reliable the reception of the transmitted message is NOTE: This value is an indication for the channel usage, provided by the radio hardware. channel resource limit: maximum amount of usable resources of a channel. It corresponds to a trade-off between t
36、he maximum usage of the channel for periodic safety-related messages, maximizing the performance of the ITS-G5 technology and allowing any event-based emergency packet to be reliably transmitted communication range: maximum Euclidian distance from the sender where a communication can take place with
37、 a message reception rate of more than 95 % cross-layer DCC: cooperation mechanisms based on components distributed over several layers of the protocol stack which jointly work together to fulfil the operational requirements of DCC DCC_ACC: DCC gatekeeper component located at the Access Layer DCC ch
38、annel switching indication: indication sent to the DCC functions at upper layers in the case where a message has been switched to a channel different from the one initially requested DCC channel switching parameter: parameter indicating to which other channels a message may be rerouted in case the c
39、hannel initially planned is congested DCC_FAC: DCC component located at the facilities layer DCC_CROSS: DCC cross-layer component located in the management plane DCC_CROSS_Access: function in the DCC_CROSS component that provides DCC control parameters to DCC_ACC DCC_CROSS_Facilities: function in th
40、e DCC_CROSS component that provides DCC control parameters to the facilities layer and to the applications Layer DCC_CROSS_Net also considered to be the idle time for the DCC flow control function TonTime during which a DCC queue is open (ON) and messages from the DCC queues are sent to the ITS-G5 r
41、adio also considered to be the message transmit duration for the DCC flow control function TofflimitIdle Time Limit 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACC-XDCC DCC_CROSS_Access AI Adaptive IncreaseAIMD Additive Increase Multiplicative Decre
42、ase ANPI Average Noise Power Indicator C2X Car-to-X communication system CAM Cooperative Awareness Message CAT Channel Access Time CBR Channel Busy Ratio CCH Control Channel CEN Commit Europen de Normalisation CL Channel Load CR Communication Range CS Carrier Sensing CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple A
43、ccess with Collision Avoidance DCC Decentralized Congestion Control DENM Decentralized Environmental Notification Message DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication DTN Delay Tolerant Networks DUT Device Under Test DVB-H Digital Video Broadcast - Handheld EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access FA Fa
44、cility Layer-Application Layer FAC-XDCC DCC_CROSS_Facilities GN GeoNetworking IDR Information Dissemination Rate IRT Inter-Reception Time ITS Intelligent Transportation System ITS-S ITS Station KPI Key Performance Indicator LOS Line-of-Sight MD Multiplicative Decrease NET-XDCC DCC_CROSS_Net DCC_NET
45、located in the Networking and Transport as specified in ETSI TS 102 636-4-2 i.4; DCC_FAC located in the Facilities; DCC_CROSS located in the management plane. The components are connected through the DCC interface 1 to interface 4 as shown in Figure 1. These interfaces are mapped to the correspondin
46、g cross-layer interfaces as described in ETSI TS 102 723-3 i.5, ETSI TS 102 723-4 i.6 and ETSI TS 102 723-5 i.7. Figure 1: Overview of DCC Architecture The present document describes the cross-layer architecture of the DCC mechanisms for ITS-G5 and focuses more specifically on the DCC management fun
47、ctions in the DCC_CROSS component and the DCC functions in each layer, as well as their interactions. The present document does not specify a particular DCC algorithm to control the load on the channel between ITS-Ss; instead channel load limits are provided that all ITS-Ss need to follow regardless
48、 of DCC implementation. Further, the present document proposes a set of scenarios for simulation as well as an evaluation methodology to be able to test and compare different approaches of the DCC algorithms The present document provides initial simulation results for two different DCC algorithms. E
49、TSI ETSI TR 101 612 V1.1.1 (2014-09) 125 Architecture 5.1 Introduction The primary objective for the DCC algorithm in the ITS-S is to calculate based on input parameters the currently allowed channel resource limit. Four different configurations of the DCC architecture have been identified depending on if the ITS-S is operating on a single channel or multiple channels and if only local or both local and global input parameters to the DCC algorithm are present. In Table 1, the different configuration poss
