1、ETSI TR I01 971 1.1.1 (2003-05) Technical Repor Access and Terminals (AT); IP Cable Services for Multimedia Broadband Cable Networks; Avai la bi I i ty and Re1 ia bi I ity 2 ETSI TR 101 971 VI .I .I (2003-05) Reference DTRIAT-020025 Keywords access, broadband, cable, IP, VolP, availability, S LA ETS
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6、in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2003. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTMand UMTSTMare Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3
7、GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 101 971 VI .I .I (2003-05) Contents Intellectual Property Rights . .6 Introduction . .6 Foreword . 6 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7
8、.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.4 8 8.1 8.1.1 Scope 7 References . .7 Definitions and abbreviations. . .9 Definitions. . . 9 Abbreviatio . . 12 IP network survivability framework . 13 . Standards Organization Relationships to Network Reliability/Availability Issues . .14 Key concepts . .16 . 16 . 16 . 16 . 16 .
9、17 . 18 Service view . Network view . Causal attributes . Service characteristics . . Network outages versus service outages . Service and operations dependability, . Network design considerations for survivability . .19 . 20 Reference network architecture . Traffic analysis issues in IP based ne .2
10、2 .22 Causes of service outages . 23 Hardware failures. . 23 Software failures . 23 OAMP activities . 23 Environmental incidents Traffic overloads (bearer and CO traffic) .23 .24 Guides and metriCs .24 25 25 IP protection and restoration technologies Guides for operational measurement and improvemen
11、t of the reliability/availability of IP-based networks and services . The DPM parameter and its advantages . Measuring the reliability/availability of IP-based networks and services through defects per million . 8.1.1.1.1 Session: a service perspective . . 8.1.1.1.2 Examples . 26 26 27 8.1.1.1 8.1.2
12、 8.1.2.1 8.1.2.2 8.1.3 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.3 8.3.1 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.1.1 Measuring the reliability/availability of IP-based networks and services using Defects Per Million (DPM): IP based network examples DPM usage considerations . Reliability/availability SLA types . ISP to user reliabi
13、lity/availability . TSP to ISP reliability/availability SLA metrics . ISP to supplier metrics . Network attributes and metrics Prediction analysis modeling . Design guide for IP based network reliability prediction and analysis . IP backbone network DPM Access Facilities DPM . ISP to ISP metrics . .
14、 37 How to use the metrics Reliability/availabilit sal . 37 .37 . . ETSI 4 ETSI TR 101 971 VI . 1 . 1 (2003-05) 8.4.1.2 8.4.1.3 8.4.1.3.1 8.4.1.3.2 8.4.1.3.3 8.4.1.3.4 8.4.1.3.5 8.4.1.3.6 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 Service vs . network solution reliability/availability 37 Reliability/Availability SLA Fra
15、mework 38 Introduction . 38 Reliability/availability-SLA process 38 Reliability/availability SLA template 39 Reliability/availability SLA conditions 39 Reliability/availability SLA categories 39 Sample reliability/availability SLAs 41 Guides 43 Supplier compliance guide 43 Service solution reliabili
16、ty/availabi 43 Network solution reliability/availability measurement guide . 44 9 Application to cable networks 45 9.1 IPCablecom zones and domains . 45 9.2 46 Annex A: A . 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) 49 A . 1 O IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electroni
17、c Engineering) . 49 Applying the reliability/availability metrics and SLAs to IPCablecom Related work of other standards organizations . 47 ITU-T Study Group 2 (operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance) 47 ITU-T Study Group 4 (telecommunication management, including TMN) 47
18、 ITU-T Study Group 12 (end-to-end transmission performance of networks and terminals) . 47 ITU-T Study Group 13 (multi-protocol and IP-based networks and their internetworking) . 48 ITU-T Study Group 15 (optical and other transport networks) 48 ITU-T Study Group 16 (multimedia services, systems and
19、terminals) 48 TMF (Telecommunications Management Forum) . 48 ETSI TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks) 49 A.11 T1 . 49 Annex B: Background . Traffic engineering . 50 B.l Traffic analysis methods 50 B . 1.1 Malcolm rorty model 50 B . 1.2 50 B . 1.3 The Engset
20、model . 51 B . 1.4 The Molina model 51 B . 1.5 The retrial model 51 B . 1.6 51 The Erlang B and Erlang C Models The equivalent random theory model . B.2 Queuing theory . 51 B.3 Analysis tools . 52 Annex C: Traffic analysis over IP based networks . 54 C . 1 Traffic characteristics . 54 C.2 Packet tra
21、ins . 55 C.3 Self-similar modeling . 55 C.4 Rare event simulations . 56 C.5 Conclusions 56 Annex D: D . 1 Monitoring network metrics in IP based networks . 57 Data gathering monitonng 57 ETSI 5 ETSI TR 101 971 VI . 1 . 1 (2003-05) D.2 Remote Monitoring 57 Annex E: Bibliography 60 History 61 ETSI 6 E
22、TSI TR 101 971 VI .I .I (2003-05) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI
23、SR O00 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (7PRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (5). All published ETSI deliverables shall include information w
24、hich directs the reader to the above source of information. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access and Terminals (AT). I n t rod uct ion The present document addresses reliability/availability of IP-based cable communications networks, including the
25、services provided under failure conditions. It provides a basis for designing and operating such networks to meet user expectations regarding network reliability and service availability. Network providers need to know that what they are building will deliver the services reliability performance req
26、uired by end users. Network service providers speciSl network availability within their own network domains, but end-user services are delivered across multiple domains. If the public carrier networks are to fulfill their promise of service convergence, then a set of reliability metrics and terminol
27、ogy are needed that are common across the industry for which individual network services reliability requirements can be specified. The intended audience of the present document includes providers of cable communications networks and services (including Internet services), as well as suppliers of eq
28、uipment and support systems. Network-provider personnel - including designers, planners, traffic engineers, and individuals in charge of operations, administration, maintenance, and management - can use the present document to enhance the performance and survivability of their networks. Equipment an
29、d support system suppliers can use the present document to guide the design and building of equipment to improve network survivability performance. The present document draws heavily on the prior work of ANSI accredited T1 in the context of telecommunications networks (T1 Technical Report 70 i). Cla
30、use 2 lists the references, and clause 3 the definitions, symbols and abbreviations. Clause 4 defines an IP network survivability framework. Clause 5 summarizes the formal standards organization involvement with network reliability/availability issues. Clause 6 discusses the service and Network view
31、s of IP network reliability performance. Clause 7 describes the network design considerations for survivability. Clause 8 describes and proposes development of a set of guides and metrics for IP based networks and services. Annexes provide further background of work in formal standards organizations
32、. ETSI 7 ETSI TR 101 971 VI .I .I (2003-05) 1 Scope The present document concerns availability and reliability modeling for IP cable communication networks. Availability and reliability parameters for cable access networks are addressed in the context of end-to-end performance. The document focuses
33、on the design considerations of IP based networks for survivability. It provides guides for operational measurement and improvement of the reliability/availability of IP based networks and services. It also discusses how to use metrics for the reliability/availability clauses of Service Level Agreem
34、ents (SLAs). It applies these techniques to cable communications networks. The carrier and data network industries, both service and equipment providers, are familiar with Service Level Agreement (SLA) and Quality of Service (QoS) objectives. The present document provides common analysis that both p
35、arties will understand and can use to improve interworking and performance for all end users. 2 Re fe re nces For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: T 1 TR.PP.70: “A Reliability/Availability Framework for IP-based Networks and Services“. ITU-T Recommendation E
36、.436: “Customer Affecting Incidents and blocking Defects Per Million“. Void. ITU-T Recommendation 1.350: “General aspects of quality of service and network performance in digital networks, including ISDNs“. Void. Jim W.Roberts: “Traffic Theory and the Internet“ IEEE Communications Magazine, January
37、200 1, pp. 94-99. T 1 .TR. 1 1 : “Switched Exchange-Access Network Traffic Availability Performance“. Telecordia GR-929-CORE: “Reliability and Quality Measurements For Telecommunications Systems (RQM S - Wireline) l. Telecordia Technologies SR-332: “Reliability Prediction Procedure for Electronic Eq
38、uipment“. Telecordia (Bellcore) Special Report SR-TSY-O0 1 171 : “Methods and Procedures for System Reliability Analysis“. Telecordia GR-28 13-CORE: “Generic Requirements for Software Reliability Prediction“ Telecordia SR-TSY-O0 1547: “The Analysis and Use of Software reliability and Quality Data“.
39、T 1 .TR.55: “Reliability and Survivability Aspects of the Interactions Between the Internet and the Public Telecommunications Network“. T 1 .TR.68: “Enhanced Network Survivability Performance“. Void. Nader Mehravari: “Queueing Theory“. Jose A. Rueda: “Telecommunication Traffic“ ETSI TR 101 963: “Acc
40、ess and Terminals (AT); Report on the Requirements of European Cable Industry for Implementation of IPCablecom Technologies; Identification of high level requirements and establishment of priorities“. IETF RFC 3272: “Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering“, D. Awduche, A. Chiu, A. E
41、lwalid, I. Widjaja, X. Xiao. . ETSI 8 ETSI TR 101 971 VI .I .I (2003-05) i221 i231 i241 i251 i261 i271 i281 i291 i301 i3 11 i321 i331 i341 i351 i3 61 i371 i3 81 Atiquzzaman, Mohammed: “Traffic Management and Switching for Multimedia“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 37, January 1999, pp. 30. Paxs
42、on, Vem and Sally Floyd: Why We Dont Know How To Simulate The Internet“ Proceedings of the 1997 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1037-1044. Frost, Victor S. and Melamed, Benjamin:“Traffic Modeling For Telecommunications Networks“ IEEE Communications Magazine, March 1994, pp. 70-8 1. Floyd, Sally an
43、d Paxson, Vern:“Difficulties in Simulating the Internet“, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, February 200 1. Awduche, Daniel O.: “MPLS and Traffic Engineering in IP Networks“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 37, No 12, December 1999, pp. 42-47. Void. Ceres, Ramn, Duffield, Nick, Feldmann, Anja,
44、 Friedmann, John D., Greenberg, Albert, Greer, Rick, Johnson, Theodore, Kalmanek, Charles R., Krishnamurthy, Balachander, Lavelle, Dianne, Mishra, Partho P. Rexford, Jennifer, Ramakrishnan, K.K., True, Frederick D., and van der Merwe, Jacobus E. : “Network Traffic Measurements and Experiments: Measu
45、rement and Analysis of IP Network Usage and Behavior“, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2000, pp. 144-151. Finsiel, Luca Deri, and Suin, Stefano: “Network Traffic Measurements and Experiments: Effective Traffic Measurement Using ntop“, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2000, pp. 138-143. Geng-Sheng
46、, Kuo: “Multiprotocol Label Switching“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 37, No. 12, December 1999, pp. 36. Ghanwani, Anoop, Jamoussi, Bilel, Fedyk, Don, Ashwood-Smith, Peter, Li, Li, and Feldman, Nancy: “Traffic Engineering Standards in IP Networks Using MPLS“, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol 3
47、7, No 12, December 1999, pp. 49-53. Keshav, S., An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: “ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network“, Addison-Wesley, Inc., Reading, Massachusetts, 1997, Chapter 2. Newman, David, Network Computing, “Internet Traffic Management: From Chaos, Order“,
48、Vol. 11, No. 11, June 12, 2000, pp. 85-94. Paxon, Vem, and Floyd, Sally: “Wide Area Traffic: The Failure of Poisson Modeling“, IEEE/ACM Transactions onNetworking, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 1995, pp. 226-244. Thompson, K., and Miller, G. J. : “ Wide-Area Internet Traffic Pattern“, IEEE/IEE Electronic libra
49、ry on-line Nov./Dec. 1997, pp. 10-23. Zheng, Bing and Atiquzzaman, Mohammed, IEEE Communications Magazine: “Traffic Management of Multimedia over ATM Networks“, Vol. 37, January 1999, pp. 33-38. ETSI TS 101 909-2: “Digital Broadband Cable Access to the Public Telecommunications Network; IP Multimedia Time Critical Services; Part 2: Architectural framework for the delivery of time critical services over cable Television networks using cable modems“. ITU-T Recommendation J. 1 12: “Transmission systems for interactive cable television services“. ITU-T Recommendation E.
