1、 ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Technical characteristics for SRD equipment usingUltra Wide Band technology (UWB);Part 2: Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications;System Reference Document
2、ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-RM-025-2 Keywords radar, radio, short range, spread spectrum, SRDOC, testing, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Assoc
3、iation but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or p
4、erceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document shou
5、ld be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following ser
6、vices: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserv
7、ed. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GP
8、P Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols7 3.3 Abbreviations .7 4 Executive summary 7 4.1 Status of the presen
9、t document.8 4.2 Market information.8 4.3 Technical system description .8 5 Current regulations8 6 Main conclusions8 7 Expected ECC actions9 Annex A: Detailed market information .10 A.1 Range of applications .10 A.2 Market size and value.13 A.3 Traffic evaluation .14 Annex B: Technical information 1
10、5 B.1 Detailed technical description 15 B.2 Technical justification for spectrum.16 B.3 Bandwidth requirement 17 B.4 Radiation limits 17 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues 20 C.1 Coexistence issues20 C.2 Current ITU allocations20 C.3 Sharing issues.20 History 21 ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (20
11、04-11) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual
12、 Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation
13、, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) ha
14、s been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB), as identified
15、 below: Part 1: “Communications applications“; Part 2: “Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; System Reference Document“. Introduction Ultra Wide Band is a new emerging SRD technology with potential benefits for security applications, consumers and businesses. There are at least three separa
16、te groups of probing radar applications: - Ground Probing Radars (GPR); - Wall Probing Radars (WPR); and - Through-Wall Probing Radars (TWPR). The emphasis in the present document is clearly put on the commercial use of Ground Probing Radars and Wall Probing Radars. The market information and figure
17、s in annex A of the present document apply only to GPR and WPR. Ground Probing Radars or also named Ground Penetrating Radars, as both terms are accepted and used internationally, operate only when in contact with or within close proximity of the ground for the purpose of detecting or obtaining the
18、images of buried objects. Wall-Probing Radars or also named Wall Penetrating Radars, are designed to detect the location of objects contained within a wall. This includes examining a concrete structure, e.g. the side of a bridge or the wall of a mine. Commercial application of UWB technology for Gro
19、und Probing Radars and Wall Probing Radars are expected to operate between 30 MHz and 12,4 GHz with a very high bandwidth and a very low radiated power density. In addition, some applications for e.g. glacier sounding or usage in hydrogeology additionally use frequencies down to 1 MHz. Through-Wall
20、Probing Radar applications are only included in the present document as a matter of completeness. These are normally only considered for military agencies and governmental services usage. Through-Wall Probing Radars can detect the location or movement of persons or objects that are located on the ot
21、her side of a structure such as a wall. Possible commercial use of this application or its usage by the public is not described and addressed in the present document. Therefore, Through-Wall Radars must be recognized as a unique class of device distinct from GPR/WPR. For Through-Wall Probing Radars
22、(TWPR) the band of operation is from 3,1 GHz to 10,6 GHz. Post-911, there are also some low-frequency TWPR activities which are not addressed in the present document as it is believed that this work is being undertaken under military regime. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 5 In addition, GPR
23、s are also used in underground excavations, mines and drill holes where leakage of signal into the air is virtually impossible. Higher powers for equipment which intended use is not to be operated in the open air can be beneficial. This should also be taken into account. The present report includes
24、necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) for amending the ERC Recommendation 70-03 1. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 6 1 Sco
25、pe The present document provides information on the intended applications, the technical parameters and the radio spectrum requirements for UWB Ground- and Wall Probing Radar equipment operating in the frequency band from 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz. It describes Ground Probing (GPR) and Wall Probing (WPR) s
26、ystems that are used in survey and detection applications. These applications require wide frequency bandwidths that cannot be provided by alternative technologies and/or at spot frequencies. The scope is limited to radars operated as short range devices (because of their usage and design), in which
27、 the system is in close proximity to the materials being investigated. It does not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft which may sometimes be referred to as GPRs but do not fall into the category of short range devices. The radar applications in the present document are not intended
28、for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the free space, unlike for UWB communications equipment. Additional information is given in the following annexes: annex A: detailed market information; annex B: technical information; annex C: expected compatibility issues. 2
29、 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: 1 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03: “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. 2 ITU-R SG1 TG1-8 Report from the 1st meeting of ITU-R SG1 TG 1-8, Geneva 21-24 January 2003 (Document 1-8/047). 3 FCC 03-0
30、3: “Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding UWB Transmission Systems“. 4 CENELEC EN 55022 (1998): “Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment“. 5 ITU-R Radio Regulations. 6 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockp
31、iling, Production and Transfer of Anti-personnel Mines and on their Destruction, available via http:/www.mineaction.org/. 7 CISPR/I/105/CDV: “EMC of information technology, multimedia equipment and receivers“, date of circulation 2004-04-30, closing date for voting 2004-10-01. 8 CISPR/I/106/CDV: “EM
32、C of information technology, multimedia equipment and receivers“, date of circulation 2004-04-23, closing date for voting 2004-09-24. 9 CISPR 16-1-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Mea
33、suring apparatus“. 10 ETSI EN 302 065: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for communications purposes“. 11 ETSI EN 302 066: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devi
34、ces (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for purposes other than communications“. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: deactivation switch: funct
35、ion of the equipment which deactivates the equipment when normal use is interrupted range resolution: ability to resolve two targets at different ranges 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: c velocity of light in a vacuum R Range resolution t time interv
36、al between the arrival of two signals from targets separated in range by RER relative dielectric constant of earth materials TPpulse rise time 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: A/D Analogue to Digital Converter BW Bandwidth dB DecibelEuro-
37、GPR The European GPR Association GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar, Sub-surface Radar or Ground Radar ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency SRD Short Range Device TEM Transverse Electromagnetic Wave TWPR Through-Wall Probing Radar UWB Ultra Wide Band
38、VHF Very High Frequency WPR Wall Probing Radar 4 Executive summary The present document provides a basis for a general, non-individual, licensing arrangement for probing radar systems, replacing the system of temporary or experimental licences that has been in use in parts of Europe for many years.
39、Despite the restriction that these licences have placed upon the development of such systems, they are now internationally used for a wide range of applications where information about objects is not readily obtainable by other means. Apart from reducing risk and accidents, GPR often has a pivotal r
40、ole in the economic direction of major infrastructure projects. It also has a major potential role in areas like detection of anti-personnel mines. The objective of designers and operators of radar equipment is to direct signals into earth materials and not to allow radiation into the air where refl
41、ections cause unwanted responses. The required signals necessarily demand a high bandwidth to provide sufficient depth resolution. Earth materials act as low pass filters and in order to maximize the information from the ground, equipment are designed and selected to match local ground conditions. T
42、his leads to a wide variation in equipment bandwidth. ETSI ETSI TR 101 994-2 V1.1.1 (2004-11) 8 Given the similarity in bandwidth and the unwanted nature of radiations into the air, the present document proposes that a general EMC standard should be used to specify the radiation from GPR and other p
43、robing radar systems. This essentially follows the situation that has been carefully implemented and monitored in the UK by the Radiocommunications Agency/OFCOM and the European GPR Association (Euro-GPR). GPR and other probing radar equipment does not communicate any information via the radar signa
44、l to any other equipment, therefore no protocol communications standard is required for all probing radars. Market information, technical information including the required spectrum, and a discussion of compatibility issues are presented in the annexes of the present document. 4.1 Status of the pres
45、ent document Draft version 1.1.1_1.0.1, prepared by ERM TG31A, was discussed at ERM RM # 27. The preliminary draft V1.1.1_1.0.4 was forwarded to the ECC for information. An ERM-RM approval by correspondence was initiated. Comments received during part of the ERM-RM initial collection of comments (un
46、til July 15th, 2004) were discussed at ERM TG31A#8bis meeting, July 6th, 2004. The version 1.1.1_2.0.8 was approved by ERM-RM and forwarded to ECC-TG3. 4.2 Market information For detailed market information, see annex A. 4.3 Technical system description For detailed technical UWB information, see an
47、nex B. 5 Current regulations There are no current regulations permitting the operation of UWB in Europe. Article No. 4.4 of the Radio Regulations 5 has been relied upon by national administrations (and CEPT as well) in many contexts to authorize applications not conforming with the Table of Frequenc
48、y Allocations in the Radio Regulations (e.g. Short Range Devices which are operated in ISM frequency bands). UWB equipment, as described in the present document, might also be operated under Article RR No. 4.4. The status of radio licensing of GPR within Europe is highly variable between different m
49、ember states. This has been a major hindrance to the ECs investment in GPR for anti-personnel mine detection. In the UK GPRs operate on a temporary use licence and temporary arrangements negotiated by the European GPR Association (Euro-GPR) for its members. These were implemented on the basis of allowing limited and supervized use while working out a more regular arrangement. The U.S.A has specified radiation limits for Through-Wall Probing Radars in FCC 03-03 3. 6 Main conclusions The systems described in the present document have a major
