1、STD.ETS1 TR 102 101-ENGL 1999 3400855 0390875 902 m TR 102 1 O1 1.1.1 (1999-03) Technical Report Users needs for Local Area Network (LAN) Interconnection standards STD-ETSI TR II02 101-ENGL II999 II 3400855 039087b 849 U TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) 2 Reference DT WU S E R-00005 (jgCOOiCS. PDF) Keywo
2、rds LAN ETSI Postal address F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Asmiation but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) No 780388 Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93
3、 65 47 16 Internet secretariat Q etc+i.fr Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http:/www.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editorQetsi.fr Copyrigbt Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
4、 The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. Ali rights reserved. ETSI STD=ETSI TR 102 101-ENGL 1999 3400855 0390877 785 111 3 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 4 Foreword 4
5、 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References . 5 3 Definitions and abbreviations 5 3.1 Definitions . 5 3.2 Abbreviations . 5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 Standards Applicable to LAN Interconnection . 6 Standards Bodies involved in LAN Interconnection 6 Interfaces used in LAN Int
6、erconnection 7 Protocols used in LAN Interconnection . 7 Communications (Lower Level) Protocols used in LAN Interconnection 7 Bridging. Routing and Application (Higher Level) Protocols used in LAN Interconnection . 7 Network Management Protocols used in LAN Interconnection . 7 Users views on the nee
7、d for Standards in the LAN Interconnect Arena 8 User 1: A Telecom Consultant specialist in network design and development 8 User 2: A Telecom Manager for a large Multi-national and a member of a European User Group . 8 User 3: A Telecom Development Manager for a large Multi-national 8 User 4: A Netw
8、ork Architecture Designer for a large University 8 A Suppliers view: From a Large international supplier of networking equipment 9 Rsum of Users views on the need for Standards in the LAN Interconnect Arena 9 Annex A (informative): The OS1 Reference Model 10 Annex B (informative): Notes on LAN Inter
9、connection devices . 12 B . 1 Repeaters . 12 B.2 Bridges . 12 B.3 Routers . 13 B.4 Gateways 14 History 15 STD-ETSI TR LO2 LOL-ENGL L999 = 3400855 0390878 bL1 E 4 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been dec
10、lared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in SR O00 3 14: “Intellectual Propero Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards”, which is
11、available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/www.etsi.org/ipr). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not r
12、eferenced in SR O00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Special Committee User Group. Introduction Local Area Networks (LANs) were developed following the adv
13、ent of the desktop computer (or personal computer), in response to desktop computer users need to have access to more services and resources than could be provided by a single stand alone computer (mainframe computer users already had star networks for connection of their desktop terminals to the ho
14、st computer). These services and resources were initially contained within a small area, e.g. an office, a factory, or a single building. It soon became apparent that users also needed to have access to other LANs either in different locations within their own company or within other companies. Conn
15、ection to remote networks was first made possible by using quite unwieldy dial-up methods soon followed by the advent of LAN interconnection either via a high speed data link within the same site or Metropolitan Area or via a Wide Area Network (WAN) to more distant locations anywhere in the world. T
16、herefore a series of LAN interconnect devices were developed to address various interconnection tasks. There are four basic types of LAN interconnection devices: - repeaters; - bridges; - routers: and - gateways. A set of definitions are provided in subclause 3.1, with further information in annex B
17、. These definitions follow the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO), i.e. device types are defined by the OS1 layer(s) at which the interconnection function is performed. A definition of the OS1 Reference Model is given in anne
18、x A. ETSI STD-ETSI TR 102 101-ENGL 1999 = 3400855 0390877 558 5 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) 1 Scope The present document identifies the users requirements regarding the standardization needs in Local Area Network Interconnection as seen through a survey carried out by the ETSI User Group in 1998. 2
19、Refe re nces The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. 0 For a specific reference, subseque
20、nt revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. 0 A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. il Void. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definit ions For the purposes of the present
21、document, the following terms and definitions apply: repeater: a device connecting two LAN segments at the Physical layer (layer 1) of the OS1 Reference Model. bridge: a device interconnecting two LANs at the Data Link layer (layer 2) of the OS1 Reference Model. router: an inter-networking device (L
22、e. operates at the Network layer (layer 3) of the OS1 Reference Model) that dynamically routes frames based upon specific criteria optimizing the use of the networks between frame source and destination. gateway: a device, interconnecting otherwise incompatible networks or network devices at the upp
23、er layers (layers 4 to 7) of the OS1 Reference Model. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ANSI ATM BGP CMIP cos DECnet DNA ECMA EGP GOSIP IEEE IETF ES-IS American National Standards Institute Asynchronous Transfer Mode Border Gateway Protoco
24、l Common Management Information Protocol Corporation for Open Systems Digital Equipment Corporation proprietary protocol Digital Network Architecture European Computer Manufacturers Association Exterior Gateway Protocol (CISCO proprietary protocol) End System to Intermediate System protocol Governme
25、nt Open Systems Communications Interconnection Profile Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force STD-ETSI TR LO2 101-ENGL 1999 = 3400855 0390880 27T IGP IGRP IPWSPX ISDN IS-IS IS0 ITU-T LAN NIST “I OSF os1 OSPF PPP RFC RIP RSVP RTMP SNA SNMP TIE1 TCP/IP UI V.2
26、4 v.35 WAN x.21 X.25 x.400 XNS RS-232 6 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) Interior Gateway Protocol (CISCO Proprietary protocol) Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (CISCO proprietary protocol) Internet Packet ExchangeISequenced Packet Exchange Integrated Services Digital Network Intermediate System to Inte
27、rmediate System International Standards Organization International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications sector (was CCITT) Local Area Network National Institute for Standards and Technology Network-to-Network Interface Open Systems Forum Open Systems Interconnection Open Short Path First Po
28、int-to-Point serial-line Protocol (IETF) Request For Comments (IETF) Routing Information Protocol identical to V.24 (ITU-T) and IS0 21 10 Resource Reservation Protocol (IETF) Remote Table Maintenance Protocol System Network Architecture (IBM proprietary protocol) Simple Network Management Protocol (
29、IETF) 1,544 Mbls (North America) I 2,048 Mbls (Europe) time-multiplexed connection (defined in ITU-T Recommendations G.702 and G.703) Transmission Control ProtocolIInternet Protocol UNIX International Analogue modem connection (identical to IS0 21 10) Asynchronous connection at 48/56/64 kbls Wide Ar
30、ea Network Digital synchronous connection to public provided services such as X.25 ITU-T Recommendation for Packet Switched Networks ITU-T Recommendation for interconnection of Message Handling Systems Xerox (Inc.) Network Systems protocol (Xerox proprietary protocol) 4 Standards Applicable to LAN I
31、nterconnection The standards applicable to LAN interconnection over WANs are in three areas: interfaces, protocols and management. Standards come in many forms: de facto, de jure, International, European, proprietary, etc. 4.1 Standards Bodies involved in LAN Interconnection There are many standards
32、 bodies involved in the LAN interconnection over WANs. Listed here are the major ones. ANSI ATM Forum cos ECMA GOSIP IEEE IETF IS0 ITU-T NIST OSF UI American National Standards Institute Asynchronous Transfer Mode Forum Corporation for Open Systems European Computer Manufacturers Association Governm
33、ent Open Systems Communications Interconnection Profile Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Internet Engineering Task Force International Standards Organization International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications sector (was CCITT) National Institute for Standards and Technolog
34、y Open Systems Forum UNIX International Proprietary standards are produced by a number of manufacturers, among these are CISCO, Wellfleet, Hewlett Packard, Digital Equipment Corporation, TBM, etc. ETSI 7 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) 4.2 Interfaces used in LAN Interconnection Interfaces are used to co
35、nnect a system to the media carrying the data traffic. The interface standards used in interconnect are generally well known and well specified. Examples of such interfaces are: TlE1 V.24, v.35 x.21 1,544 Mbls (North America) / 2,048 Mb/s (Europe) time-multiplexed connection (defined in ITU-T Recomm
36、endations G.702 and G.703) Analogue modem connection (also known as IS0 21 10 or RS-232) Asynchronous connection at 48/56/64 kbls Digital synchronous connection to public provided services such as X.25 4.3 Protocols used in LAN Interconnection Protocols are the defined procedures or rules by which s
37、ystems communicate with each other. The following protocols are widely used in LAN interconnect: 4.3.1 Communications (Lower Level) Protocols used in LAN Interconnection ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode DECnet IPWSPX Digital Equipment Corporation proprietary protocol Internet Packet ExchangeISequenced
38、 Packet Exchange ISDN PPP SNA TCPIIP X.25 XNS 4.3.2 BGP EGP IGP IGRP IS-IS OSPF RIP RTMP ES-IS 4.3.3 CMIP SNMP Integrated Services Digital Network Point-to-Point serial-line System Network Architecture (IBM proprietary protocol) Transmission Control Protocol-Intemet Protocol ITU-T Rec. for Packet Sw
39、itched Networks Xerox (Inc.) Network Systems protocol (Xerox proprietary protocol) Bridging, Routing and Application (Higher Level) Protocols used in LAN interconnection Border Gateway Protocol Exterior Gateway Protocol (CISCO proprietary protocol) End System to Intermediate System protocol Interior
40、 Gateway Protocol (CISCO proprietary protocol) Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (CISCO proprietary protocol) Intermediate System to Intermediate System Open Short Path First Routing Information Protocol Remote Table Maintenance Protocol Network Management Protocols used in LAN Interconnection Commo
41、n Management Information Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol ETSI 8 TR 102 101 V1.l.l (1999-03) 5 Users views on the need for Standards in the LAN Interconnect Arena This clause contains a selection of views obtained from a survey of the User community. 5.1 User 1 : A Telecom Consultant spec
42、ialist in network design and development My feeling is that people like myself, designing large networks for clients, are not really interested in the standards for interconnect. Our major interest is in the functionality and interoperability provided by a specific supplier of the hardware and softw
43、are. When designing a network we look at the user requirements and then match these against a suppliers offerings. We always try to keep to one supplier for a single network. This reduces the need to overcome problems such as software bugs and hardware glitches. The major sources of internetworking
44、data regarding protocols are the Internet engineerhg groups. 5.2 User 2: A Telecom Manager for a large Multi-national and a member of a European User Group LAN-to-LAN connection across wide area P networks is now the requirement for multinationals, in support of their Intranets. The need for standar
45、ds is less clear, given the existing initiatives for Frame Relay interconnect (“Is et al.), ATM interconnect (various initiatives) and the development of the IP standards (RSVP et al.). It might be useful to have some agreed performance measures latency, ping time, maximum hop count etc., but these
46、seem to be in the commercial domain for negotiating with Global Network suppliers, unless benchmarkability becomes a legal requirement (unlikely). Any standards would only be of use if international not European. Therefore I see little need for ETSI to be active in this area, but I may be mistaken.
47、5.3 User 3: A Telecom Development Manager for a large Multi- national I believe that people in my company are now used to using LAN interconnects and do not require further standards or the present standards made more clear. The standard LANNAN technologies deployment is now well understood and peop
48、le are now more interested in areas like remote access, encryption, authentication, network security, firewalls, etc. 5.4 User 4: A Network Architecture Designer for a large University LANs and their layer 2 interconnects are by definition of Local interest, i.e. not involving more than one organiza
49、tion; therefore their standardization by a body set up to deal with public networks is a diversion. Industry standards do exist; a lot of them; in fact, too many. Routers are less of a LAN and more of a WAN issue; but they, too, are fully covered by IETF de facto standards in the form of RFCs. Statutory standardization would be futile if different and redundant if not. ETSI can simply select RFCs and adopt them; and so can the ISO, in preference or in parallel to the classic OS1 standards. Perhaps ETSI should stick with public telecommunications (including ATM) and leave fr
