1、ETSI TR 102 175 1.1.1 (2003-03) Technical Repor Power Line Telecommunications (PLT) Channel characterization and measurement methods 2 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) Reference DTR/PLT-00014 Keywords emission, methodology ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +
2、33 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-prfecture de Grasse (06) No 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:lwmv.etsi .arq The present document may be made a
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7、and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) Contents Intellectual Property Rights . . . . . .4 Foreword Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Scope . References . . . .5 Abbreviations and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 5 5 Terminology guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Measurement set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LCL measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field strength mea Measurements with asymmetric feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurements with symmetric feeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of necessary measurement equipment . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 ETSI 4 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to
16、ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (7PRs); Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is availa
17、ble from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (5). All published ETSI deliverables shall include information which directs the reader to the above source of information. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Powerline Telecommunications (P
18、LT). I n t rod uct ion The objective of the present document is to describe the PLT channel characterization and the corresponding measurement methods chosen by ETSI PLT STF 222 as specified in the TOR of this STF. ETSI 5 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) 1 Scope The present document applies to mea
19、surements of the symmetry behaviour and the attenuation in Low Voltage Distribution Networks (LVDN) within premises. It also covers measurements for magnetic near fields within and in close vicinity of premises resulting from feeding HF-signals into LVDN. The measurements are intended for the measur
20、ement campaign of the ETSI Specialist Task Force (STF) 222, which investigates HF characteristics of LVDN relevant for the operation of PLT-systems as well as the hidden node aspect. 2 Re fe re nces For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: il 21 ITU-T Recommenda
21、tion G. 1 17: “Transmission aspects of unbalance about earth“. CISPR 16-1 : “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods- Part 1 : Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus“. P. Macfarlane: “A probe for the measurement of electrical unbalance of networks
22、 and devices“. (IEEE Transactions on EMC, Vol. 41, No. 1, February 1999)“. 31 3 Abbreviations and symbols 3.1 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: EL EMF HF L LCL LCTL LTL LVDN N PE PLT S STF TCTL TOR TTL 3.2 kSY kYm Zay Gym Electromagnetic force
23、 (EMF)of the asymmetric feeding voltage ElectroMagnetic Force High Frequency Line Longitudinal Conversion Loss Longitudinal Conversion Transfer Loss Longitudinal Transfer Loss Low voltage distribution network Neutral Protection Earth Power Line Telecommunications Switch Special Task Force Transverse
24、 Conversion Transfer Loss Terms of Reference Transverse Transfer Loss Symbols Coupling factor for asymmetric feed Coupling factor for symmetric feed Asymmetric impedance Symmetric impedance ETSI 6 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) 4 Terminology guide The used terminology has been clarified by means
25、 of figures 1 to 9. LVDN / LCL = 20xlog ( 2:A,2 ) Figure 1 : Longitudinal Conversion Loss (LCL) LVDN ZLC ZLCL LTL = 20 x log( 2 Figure 2: Longitudinal Transfer Loss (LTL) LVDN I Al 1 . LCTL = 20 x log( 2) Figure 3: Longitudinal Conversion Transfer Loss (LCTL) TTL = 20xlog() NOTE: This definition dif
26、fers from the definition in ITU-T Recommendation G.117 I, which uses an asymmetric impedance in the feeding point and relates the output voltage to the voltage at the input of the LVDN-port directly. Figure 4: Transverse Transfer Loss (TTL) ETSI 7 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) LVDN US 4 I v zLc
27、L4 TCTL = 20 x log( 2) NOTE 1 : Factor 2 in the numerator due to the usage of a 1 :4 impedance transformer. NOTE 2: This definition differs from the definition in ITU-T Recommendation G.117 I, which uses an asymmetric impedance in the feeding point and relates the output voltage to the voltage at th
28、e input of the LVDN-port directly. Figure 5: Transverse Conversion Transfer Loss (TCTL) A7 IA5 / Figure 6: Asymmetric impedance (Zasy) LVD N / I NOTE: Factor 2 in the numerator due to the usage of a 1:4 impedance transformer. Figure 7: Symmetric impedance (Zsym) LVDN 1 o I I / I 377!2H+H+H k, = 20 x
29、 log UA 7 Figure 8: Coupling factor for asymmetric feed (kasy) ETSI 8 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) I / I NOTE 1 : Factor 2 in the denominator due to the usage of a 1 :4 impedance transformer. NOTE 2: This definition differs from the definition of the measurement campaign performed by plcforum
30、(100 Cl). Figure 9: Coupling factor for symmetric feed (ksym) 5 Measurement Set-up In contrast to other specifications or standards the present document defines a common measurement set-up for the collection of raw data, which is used for deriving quantities relevant for the operation of PLT. The ma
31、in measurement concept is to use two independent subsystems, one for signal feeding and one for signal measurement. For simplification no synchronisation is used between the subsystems. Therefore a comb generator operates as signal source. Central elements of the measurements are two adapters for un
32、balance measurements as presented by Macfarlane 3. Since the symmetric network impedance is a priori unknown, additional feeding adapters are necessary. 5.1 LCL measurement The following impedance definitions are used: LVDN Figure IO: LCL measurement Set-up LCL is not only a function of the symmetri
33、c - and the asymmetric - impedance and the unbalance characteristic of the LVDN to be measured, but it is also a rather strong function of ZLcL Thus it is essential that both, ZLcL across the bridge transformer and the generator impedance ZLcL/4 are correctly chosen. The value of 100 Q corresponds a
34、pproximately to the average value of the symmetric impedance of LVDN and is common practice. The protection earth of the mains socket to be measured is not connected to the ground plate of the measurement Set-up. The rationale for this decision of STF 222 is the fact that there is no low inductive c
35、onnection between PE at the power plug and the earth, when a PLC modem operates at the power plug. 5.2 Field strength m easu rem en t The magnetic field strength is measured with a loop antenna. Measurements shall be performed with three orthogonal orientations of the antenna. The raw data file shal
36、l contain the three readings. ETSI 9 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) 5.3 M easu rem en ts with asym me tri c feed i ng For asymmetric feeding the LCL-measurement adapter shall be used. Therefore an asymmetric impedance of 25 Q is applied. The signal feeding subsystem consists of a comb generator,
37、 producing narrowband signals in 1 MHz spacing. An amplifier with an output power of minimum 1 W may be required for the measurement of the magnetic field strength. For the measurements a measurement receiver or equivalent measurement device shall be used. The bandwidth is 10 kHz, the average detect
38、or shall be used. Additional readings at frequencies between the comb generator spikes shall be taken for estimating the measurement dynamic. The following data shall be collected in the frequency range 1 MHz to 30 MHz: A.0) Measurement according to A.l without feeding a signal (noise floor measurem
39、ent). A. 1) Fed asymmetric voltage at near end (S open). A.2) Near end symmetric voltage (used for LCL-calculation). A.3) Far end asymmetric voltage (used for LTL-calculation). A.4) Far end symmetric voltage (used for LCTL-calculation). A.5) Near end asymmetric current (used for Zasy-calculation). A
40、.6) Magnetic field strength (used for kasy-factor-calculation). A.7) Fed asymmetric voltage at near end (reference without 25 Q impedance) (S closed). For each measurement the connectors of unused ports shall be terminated with 50 Q. The current sensor must not be in the circuit for field strength o
41、r for voltage measurements. amplifier, if required I-, -L. _ to far end I-: -L, _ /: I “ Y A.2 ground plane safety earth , I Figure 11: Near end measurements (asymmetric) ETSI 10 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) Macfarlane-adapter ,_- I- ,- to near Poop / / antenna I : A.6 dl safety Y A.4 ground p
42、lane I Figure 12: Far end measurements (asymmetric) 5.4 Measurements with symmetric feeding For symmetric feeding a simple BALUN (impedance ratio 1 :4) shall be used. Therefore a symmetric impedance of 100 Q applies in conjunction with the circuit shown in the figures below. The signal feeding subsy
43、stem consists of a comb generator, producing narrowband signals in 1 MHz spacing. An amplifier with an output power of minimum 1 W may be required for the measurement of the magnetic field strength. For the measurements a measurement receiver or equivalent measurement device shall be used. The bandw
44、idth is 10 kHz, the average detector shall be used. Additional readings at frequencies between the comb generator spikes shall be taken for estimating the measurement dynamic. The following data shall be collected in the frequency range 1 MHz to 30 MHz: S.0) Measurement according to S. 1 without fee
45、ding a signal (noise floor measurement). S.1) Fed symmetric voltage at near end (S open). S.2) Near end symmetric current (used for Zsm-calculation). S.3) Far end symmetric voltage (used for TTL-calculation). S.4) Far end asymmetric voltage (used for TCTL-calculation). S.5) Magnetic field strength (
46、used for ksm-factor-calculation). S.6) Fed symmetric voltage at near end (S closed). For each measurement the connectors of unused ports shall be terminated with 50 Q. The current sensor must not be in the circuit for field strength or for voltage measurements. ETSI 11 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003
47、-03) S.l (S open) S.6 (S closed) Coupling unit must pr an impedence of 100 open (e.g. BALUN with impedence ratio 1 :4 and R = 25 Q at the BALUN input) Figure 13: Near end measurements (symmetric) Macfarlane-adapter LVDN o- .- to near end I- , tr- W I F0 s .4 I -1 I I 2x50!2 I safety r.rrriirr.4 .-.I
48、mrrq earth s.3 P arireriria I s.5 yiuui lu pai It: I 1 Q Figure 14: Far end measurements (symmetric) ETSI 12 ETSI TR 102 175 VI .I .I (2003-03) 5.5 Summary of necessary measurement equipment Comb generator, spikes in 1 MHz steps. Broadband amplifier (class A) minimum 1 W for field strength measureme
49、nts. Measurement receiver, AV-detector, 10 kHz bandwidth, preselector. Power terminator 50 Q (suitable for the amplifier). 6 terminator 50 Q. 2 measurement adapters according to Macfarlane 3(with variable internal 25 Q resistor and O, 1 pF de coupling capacitors) . 1 BALUN for symmetric feeding with O, 1 pF decoupling capacitors and s
