1、 ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12)Technical Report PowerLine Telecommunication (PLT);Basic Low Voltage Distribution Network (LVDN)measurement dataETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 2 Reference DTR/PLT-00015 Keywords data, powerline, transmission ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis
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6、ds Institute 2003. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the b
7、enefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Abbreviations and symbols 5 3.1 Abbreviations .5 3.2 Symbols6 4 Major project phases 6 5 Measurement set-
8、up description.7 5.1 Introduction 7 5.2 Set-up for measurements of conducted signals at a single LVDN-port8 5.3 Set-up for measurements of conducted Signals between two LVDN-ports .9 5.4 Return loss measurements 9 5.5 Set-up for measurements of radiated signals10 5.6 General equipment list10 5.6.1 C
9、omb generator 10 5.6.2 Amplifier 11 5.6.3 EMI Receiver12 5.6.4 Directional coupler .12 5.6.4 LISN .13 5.6.5 Loop Antenna .13 5.6.6 Current probe14 5.6.7 PE-wire .14 5.6.8 Isolation transformer.15 5.6.9 Macfarlane probe 15 5.6.10 Zero dB-Balun 16 5.6.11 8 dB Balun 17 5.6.12 Safety box .17 6 Measureme
10、nt software .17 6.1 Description of the used software 17 6.2 Evaluation of the results .25 7 Auxiliary parameters 26 History 28 ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The info
11、rmation pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the
12、 ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR
13、000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). Introduction In order to study and compare characteristics of
14、the LVDN network in different countries a STF (Special Task Force) was set up. The present document is one of four TRs which present the result of the work of the STF (TR 102 258) 6, TR 102 259 7, and TR 102 269 5). The present document takes into account matters like earthing variations, country va
15、riations, operator differences, phasing and distribution topologies, domestic, industrial housing types along with local network loading. The measurement set-up, the measurements as such, the used software the site reports and parts of the analysis are common for all the TRs and is collected in the
16、present document. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 5 1 Scope The present document presents all the information that is common to the TR 102 269 5, TR 102 258 6 and TR 102 259 7. Auxiliary parameters, such as asymmetric impedance, return loss (symmetric) and Transverse Conversion Transfer Loss (
17、TCTL) were measured at the same time and the results are also presented in the present document. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 Terms of Reference for Specialist Task Force 222 (MB), TC PLT, September 2002. 2 ITU-T Recommendation G.117 (
18、02/96): “Transmission aspects of unbalance about earth“. 3 Ian P. Macfarlane: “A Probe for the Measurement of Electrical Unbalance of Networks and Devices“, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol 41, No. 1, pp 3 to 14. 4 ETSI TR 102 175: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); Channel
19、characterization and measurement methods“. 5 ETSI TR 102 269: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); PLT Hidden Node Analysis“. 6 ETSI TR 102 258: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); LCL review and statistical analysis“. 7 ETSI TR 102 259: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); EMI review and statistic
20、al analysis“. 8 IEC 61000-4-6: “Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields“. 3 Abbreviations and symbols 3.1 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviat
21、ions apply: Asym Asymmetrical ATT ATTenuator BALUN BALanced to UNbalanced transformer EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference LCL Longitudinal Conversion Loss LISN Line Impedance Stabilization Network NOTE: Used as decoupling filter LVDN Low voltage distribution network PC Personal computer PE Protection E
22、arth STF Special Task Force Sym Symmetrical TCTL Transverse Conversion Transfer Loss ToR Terms of Reference WI Work ItemETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 6 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: ALInductance factor I Current L Inductance LPEProtective
23、earth inductance nF nanoFarads nH nanoHenryZ Impedance ZasyAsymmetric impedance 4 Major project phases No. Period Topic Event 01 Sept to Oct. 2002 Project organization Definition of characteristics Measurement set-up Planning Task Force Meeting No. 1 and 2 Frankfurt, Germany 02 Nov to Dec. 2002 Meas
24、urement set-up familiarization, laboratory tests Task Force Meeting No. 3 University Dortmund, Germany 03 Jan. 8 to 10 2003 Measurements in: 3 single family houses Measurement campaign Eindhoven, The Netherlands 04 February 2003 Measurements in: 3 apartments and 1 office building Measurement campaig
25、n Stuttgart, Germany 05 March 13 to 20 2003 Measurements in: 4 apartments 2 single family houses 2 office buildings 2 factory buildings Measurement campaign Zaragoza, Spain 06 May to July 2003 Data analysis Reports Task Force meeting No.4 Frankfurt, Germany ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 7 5
26、Measurement set-up description 5.1 Introduction The STF 222 had to define the parameters to be measured and to build the corresponding measurement set-up. This clause shows the practical implementation, the various measurement set-ups and the instrumentation used. The definition of the parameters to
27、 be assessed can be found in TR 102 175 4. Figure 5.1 shows the measurement-trolley with its ground plane and some instruments. Measuring trolley, isolation transformer and LISN Amplifier, Comb generator, EMI receiver Rear view Connection to LCL probe Extension braids 70 cm LCL probe and Safety box
28、Figure 5.1: Measurement trolley with various test equipment ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 8 5.2 Set-up for measurements of conducted signals at a single LVDN-port The measurement set-up basically consists of a signal source connected via the Macfarlane Probe 3 to the mains. LVDNIsolationtran
29、sfor-merPE+inductanceAmplifierCombgenerator ATTFigure 5.2: General measurement set-up for conducted signals at a isngle LDVN-port The equipment is connected to a ground plane with a surface of 1 m2. The function of this ground plane is to establish a capacitive coupling path to the reference of the
30、common mode signal large enough to reduce measurement errors at lower frequencies. The proof for sufficient size is the fact, that an increase in size has a negligible effect upon the measured data. The Macfarlane probe with its associated safety box is directly inserted into the LVDN-socket to be m
31、easured. This eliminates connecting cables between the probe and the LVDN which produce impedance transformations and may be a cause for non-reproducible measurement results. The ground-connection between the ground plane and the probe is made with large, low impedance braids with a length of about
32、70 cm (see figure 5.1). The ground plane is decoupled from the Protective Earth (PE), as the only currents allowed to run through the ground plane (and hence through the receiver) should be the return currents that flow via the Macfarlane probe, via the mains unbalance and the reference back to the
33、ground plane. Isolation in the frequency range 1 MHz to 30 MHz of mains connected equipment from PE is achieved by using a standard LISN with its PE inductance LPE switched “on“. The isolation transformer, used to prevent the earth leakage switches from tripping (the LISN has large capacitors to PE)
34、, provides additional attenuation of low frequency common mode signals. Safety is assured by connecting a green/yellow ferrite loaded wire between PE and the floating ground plane. For Zasym- measurements a current probe is built into the safety box. Its output is to be connected to the EMI receiver
35、. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 9 5.3 Set-up for measurements of conducted Signals between two LVDN-ports LVDNIsolationtransfor-merPE+inductanceAmplifierCombgenerator ATTFigure 5.3: General measurement set-up for conducted signals with symmetrical injection 5.4 Return loss measurements LVDNI
36、solationtransfor-merPE+inductanceAmplifierDirectionalCouplerCombgenerator ATTFigure 5.4: General measurement set-up for return loss ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 105.5 Set-up for measurements of radiated signals Isolationtransfor-merPEPE+inductanceLVDNAmplifierCombgeneratorATTFigure 5.5: Gen
37、eral measurement set-up for radiated signals with symmetrical injection 5.6 General equipment list 5.6.1 Comb generator The published specifications of this commercially available comb generator are not very tight. The unit used for measurements, however, shows a flat spectrum in the range of intere
38、st between 1 MHz and 30 MHz and a very good stability of the output level. Property Value Comment Type VSQ 1000 Manufacturer Bogerfunk Output level 78 dBV in the frequency domain; into 50 Output impedance 50 Frequency range 100 MHz Repetition frequency 500 kHz (also adjustable in 5 steps) ETSI ETSI
39、TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 11Figure 5.6: Comb generator 5.6.2 Amplifier The specifications of the amplifier generator are not very tight; but the gain is very stable. Property Value Comment Type 102LC 10 Hz to 100 MHz Manufacturer Kalmus Output level 2 Watt into 50 Output impedance 50 Input impedan
40、ce 50 Gain 36 dB 100 kHz to 30 MHz The amplifier is sufficiently linear for 500 kHz-spaced spectrum lines up to 100 dBuV or 7 dBm. For an output level of 100 dBuV a 14 dB attenuator must be inserted between the comb generator and the amplifier. Figure 5.7: Amplifier ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003
41、-12) 125.6.3 EMI Receiver Property Value Comment Type ESPC Manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz Detector Peak and Average Note this means: Peak- or Average value of the measured RMS voltage Frequency range 0.1MHz to 2 400 MHz Frequency steps 100 kHz 4 noise readings between Comb generator peaks Dwell time 2
42、0 ms default Resolution bandwidth 10 kHz Receiver noise 20 dB The specified directivity of 20 dB would be insufficient, because the particular type of balun used for STF 222 measurements has a total insertion loss (forward + return) of 8 + 8 = 16 dB. The available directional coupler fortunately sho
43、wed - between 1 MHz and 30 MHz and in one direction - a directivity of 35 dB, which is adequate. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 13Figure 5.9: Directional coupler 5.6.4 LISN Property Value Comment Type ESH3-Z5 Manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz PE connection 50 H “on“ Figure 5.10: LISN 5.6.5 Loop An
44、tenna Property Value Comment Type HFH2-Z2 Manufacturer Rohde & Schwarz Antenna factor 20 dB (1/m) Electric field strength derived from the measured magnetic field strength E = 377 * H Antenna support home-made, lower edge always at 1m above floor. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 14Figure 5.11:
45、 Loop antenna with support 5.6.6 Current probe Property Value Comment Type CT1 10 kHz to 30 MHz Manufacturer Tektronix Transfer Impedance 5 This current probe is built into the Safety Box and is used to measure Iasy. Figure 5.12: Current probe 5.6.7 PE-wire Property Value Comment Inductance 280 H Sa
46、me value as coils in CDNs of IEC 61000-4-6 8, fig D1-D6 ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 15Figure 5.13: PE-wire 5.6.8 Isolation transformer As this transformer is needed only to prevent the earth leakage circuit breakers from tripping due to the large capacitors in the LISN, no special properti
47、es are required from this mains isolation transformer. 5.6.9 Macfarlane probe The probe was built according to the description in ITU-T Recommendation G.117 2, except that it designed for the limited frequency range which is of interest to PLT that is 1 MHz to 30 MHz. 50 Generator 50 50 50 EMI recei
48、ver Safety box- LVDN 11 turns 11 turns 11 turns 11 turns 19 turns 19 turns 19 turns 19 turns Figure 5.14: Schematic of the “Macfarlane probe“ 1 MHz to 30 MHz All toroids AL87 nH, material 4C65, bifilar wound. ETSI ETSI TR 102 270 V1.1.1 (2003-12) 16Calibration results of LCL probe0102030405060700123
49、4567891011213141516171819202122324252627282930f(MHz)LCL(dB)self LCLcalibrated LCLFigure 5.15: Verification of the Macfarlane probe Figure 5.15 shows 2 lines: 1. The upper curve is the “self“ LCL measured with a differential mode impedance of 100 between the LVDN terminals of the Safety box. There is no Runbalanceconnected. The “self“ LCL is high at low frequencies, and decreases to 52 dB at 30 MHz. 2. The lower straight line is the measured LCL if the verification unbalance resistor is installed. The LCL value is 27 d
