1、 ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05)Technical Report PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT);Radiated emissions characteristicsand measurement method of state of the artpowerline communication networksETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 2 Reference DTR/PLT-00016 Keywords EMF, emission, methodology, powerl
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6、uction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Memb
7、ers. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .5 3.1 Def
8、initions5 3.2 Symbols6 3.3 Abbreviations .6 4 Measurement method .6 4.1 General arrangements.6 4.2 Radiated emissions measurements below 30 MHz 6 5 Processing of obtained results 7 5.1 Graphical method for normalizing the measured field strengths to the reference measurement distance7 5.2 Correction
9、 of measurement results due to near field conditions.7 6 Radiated emissions characteristics 8 History 9 ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to t
10、hese essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Late
11、st updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates
12、 on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). The present document has been developed following the letter from the European Commis
13、sion. Ref. (ENTR/G3/TB/mm/D(2003)835713). Introduction The present document provides the radiated emissions characteristics of state of the art powerline communication networks and specifies the measurement method. The present document has been developed based on the field experience and measurement
14、 campaigns performed by PLC experts. The present document also specifies the measurement method used to characterize the radiated emissions, so that future measurements can be performed using the same method. ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 5 1 Scope The present document describes the radiated
15、 emissions characteristics, and associated method of measurements, of state of the art powerline communication networks as defined in clause 3. The present document reports the radiated emissions characteristics of powerline communication networks in the frequency range 1,605 MHz to 30 MHz. The radi
16、ated emissions characteristics presented in the present document cover both access and in-home powerline communication networks. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 IEC 60050-161: “International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Chapter 161: Elect
17、romagnetic compatibility“. 2 CISPR 16-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following t
18、erms and definitions apply: electronic communications network: means transmission systems and, where applicable, switching or routing equipment and other resources which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, by radio, by optical or by other electromagnetic means, including satellite networks, fi
19、xed (circuit- and packet-switched, including Internet) and mobile terrestrial networks, electricity cable systems to the extent that they are used for the for the purpose of transmitting signals, networks used for radio and television broadcasting and cable TV networks, irrespective of the type of i
20、nformation conveyed NOTE: In the context of the present document the definition is limited to only the combination of equipment and passive devices (network cables, connectors) directly connected together to constitute the wire-line part the network. emission: phenomenon by which electromagnetic ene
21、rgy emanates from a source NOTE: See IEC 60050-161 1. measurement distance: The measurement distance is taken as a straight line rectangular from the telecommunication cable tract (or its projection to the floor level), from the boundary of the premises, office, or flat, or from the exterior wall of
22、 the building hosting the network concerned, to the measuring antenna reference point. This reference point can be: - the centre of the coil of a loop antenna used for measurements of the magnetic component of electromagnetic fields; or - the balun, in case of a broadband dipole, or the reference po
23、int of a logarithmic-periodical or horn antenna referred to for calibration purposes. powerline communication network: electronic communication network using the mains distribution network infrastructure for communication ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 6 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the pr
24、esent document, the following symbols apply: H effeffective magnetic field strength H x,y,zmagnetic field strength components of each orthogonal orientation 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CISPR International Special Committee on Radio I
25、nterference IEC International Electrotechnical Committee IEV International Electrotechnical Vocabulary RF Radio Frequency TV TeleVision 4 Measurement method 4.1 General arrangements In order to get the highest readings of emissions it shall be ensured that the part of the electronic communication ne
26、twork or installation being assessed operates at maximum wanted signal levels typical for this site and in the mode that results in maximum RF emission field strength levels consistent with normal operation. If the system is interactive, measurements shall also be performed in the presence of both t
27、he upstream and downstream signals. 4.2 Radiated emissions measurements below 30 MHz In the frequency range 1,605 MHz to 30 MHz the magnetic component of the radiated emission shall be measured. In the frequency range below 30 MHz, measurements of the electric field strength should be avoided. The r
28、eadings obtained are not suitable for determination of mitigation measures to the network concerned since they depend in a high degree from random environmental conditions found at the site of operation of the part of the network to be assessed. For radiated emission measurements in the frequency ra
29、nge 1,605 MHz to 30 MHz, a calibrated measuring system in accordance with CISPR 16-1 2 consisting of a radio disturbance measuring receiver, an associated loop antenna for the measurement of magnetic field components, and a tripod is required. Other specialized equipment such as resonant loop antenn
30、as can also be used, if necessary. In the frequency range 1,605 MHz to 30 MHz, a measuring bandwidth of 9 kHz and a Quasi-peak detector shall be used. It is recommended that both the measuring receiver and the loop antenna have an independent power source with no ground connection (e.g. battery powe
31、r), particularly in case of indoor measurements, in order to minimize the possibility of current loops via earth that could affect the measurement. Mount the loop antenna on a tripod and place it at the measurement location(s) so that it is at the reference measurement distance. The middle of the lo
32、op should be at least 1 m above the ground. Set the measuring receiver to the measuring frequency and type of detector required, position the loop antenna subsequently in each of the orthogonal directions X, Y and Z, record the maximum readings obtained, and calculate the effective field strength us
33、ing equation (1). ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 7 HHHHzyxeff222+= (1) NOTE: All field strength values in equation (1) are in units of A/m. The measurement of magnetic fields radiated from electronic communication networks in the frequency range up to 30 MHz may become complicated due to the
34、presence of a variety of high-level wanted RF emissions from radio services. In view of this it may be necessary to restrict the measurements to the frequency ranges (called quiet frequencies) where the measured signal should be at least 6 dB greater than the background noise. This should be done wi
35、thout altering the antenna position and ideally with the electronic communication network switched off. The quiet frequencies or frequency ranges identified will be used to measure the emission. The background noise levels on each of these frequencies shall be assessed subjectively. Using the measur
36、ing bandwidth and detector specified, the highest emission field strength level (in dB(A/m) observed over a period of 15 s shall be recorded. Any short duration isolated peaks shall be ignored. If local restrictions require a reduction of the measurement distance to less than the reference measureme
37、nt distance, the actual measurement distance can be reduced provided it is not less than 1 m to the network to be assessed. In case of outdoor measurements, it can also be necessary to use a measurement distance which is larger than the reference distance. If the actual measurement distance deviates
38、 from the reference distance, then the obtained measurement results need to be normalized to the reference distance. For that normalization, the method specified in clause 5.1 shall be used. 5 Processing of obtained results 5.1 Graphical method for normalizing the measured field strengths to the ref
39、erence measurement distance During measurements of disturbance field strengths local restrictions in space (appearing e.g. during indoor measurements) may require a reduction of the measuring distance to less than the reference measurement distance. The actual measurement distance may be smaller tha
40、n the reference distance, but not closer than 1 m to the cable to be assessed. In the case of outdoor measurements, it may also be necessary to use a measurement distance which is larger than the reference distance. If a measurement distance greater or smaller than the reference measurement distance
41、 needs to be used, then three different and accessible measuring points located along the measuring axis shall be chosen. The distance between these points should be as large as possible. At each point, the level of the disturbing field strength shall be measured. The local conditions and measurabil
42、ity of the disturbance field strength will be the determining factors. The measurement results shall then be plotted in a diagram showing the field strength levels in dB(A/m) or dB(V/m) versus the logarithm of the measurement distance. The line interconnecting the measurement results represents the
43、slope in field strength along the measuring axis. If this slope cannot be determined, then additional measuring points shall be chosen. The field strength level at the reference measurement distance can be read from the diagram using the straight prolongation of the interconnecting line. 5.2 Correct
44、ion of measurement results due to near field conditions Measurement results for the magnetic or electric disturbance field strength obtained by means of the measuring system described in clause 4.2 do not need any related subsequent correction, even if measured under near field conditions. ETSI ETSI
45、 TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 8 6 Radiated emissions characteristics 100 % of the measurements of radiated emissions from state of the art powerline communication networks are below the value given in table 1. Table 1: Radiated emissions from powerline communication networks below 30 MHz Frequency ra
46、nge (MHz) Field strength (dB(A/m) quasi-peak) Reference measurement distance (m) Measurement bandwidth (kHz) 1,605 to 30 14 3 9 80 % of the measurements of radiated emissions from state of the art powerline communication networks are below the value given in table 2. Table 2: Radiated emissions from powerline communication networks below 30 MHz Frequency range (MHz) Field strength (dB(A/m) quasi-peak) Reference measurement distance (m) Measurement bandwidth (kHz) 1,605 to 30 4 3 9 ETSI ETSI TR 102 324 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 9 History Document history V1.1.1 May 2004 Publication
