1、 ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07)Technical Report Fixed Radio systems;Multipoint equipment;Report on Fixed Wireless Access systems which applyMesh topology and operate in applicable Fixed Servicebands within the 3 GHz to 11 GHz rangeETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 2 Reference DTR/TM-04152 Keyw
2、ords DFRS, digital, FWA, IP, multipoint ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individ
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5、nt status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editoretsi.org Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the fo
6、regoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered
7、 by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abb
8、reviations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols8 3.3 Abbreviations .8 4 System description .9 4.1 General .9 4.2 Mesh system description 9 4.2.1 Mesh system (MP-MP) network topology9 4.2.2 Antennas .10 4.2.2.1 Omni-Directional Mesh 10 4.2.2.2 Directional Mesh.10 4.2.3 Traffic configuration.10 4.2.4 Modul
9、ation methods and coding rates 11 4.2.5 Power control11 4.2.6 Services.11 4.3 Coverage and deployment 11 4.3.1 Coverage probability for omni-directional systems11 4.3.2 Frequency usage .13 4.4 Backhaul connection 13 5 System parameters, capacities, hop lengths .14 5.1 System parameters14 5.2 Hop len
10、gths and transmission performance15 6 Frequency plans16 6.1 Frequency bands and RF-channels.16 6.2 RF-channelling .16 7 Coexistence using Omni-Directional antennas 16 7.1 Co-channel coexistence calculations in adjacent area 16 7.1.1 Co-channel interference from Omni-Directional Mesh to P-MP CS17 7.1
11、.2 Co-channel interference from Mesh to P-MP TS .18 7.1.3 Co-channel interference from P-MP CS to Mesh .19 7.1.4 Co-channel interference from P-MP TS to Mesh .19 7.1.5 Summary of co-channel interference analysis 19 7.2 Coexistence analysis between adjacent frequency blocks in the same area .20 7.2.1
12、 Adjacent block Omni Mesh interference to P-MP CS 23 7.2.2 Adjacent block Omni Mesh interference to P-MP TS 25 7.2.3 Adjacent block P-MP CS interference to Omni Mesh 25 7.2.4 Adjacent block P-MP TS interference to Mesh 25 7.2.5 Summary of the adjacent block same area coexistence analysis.25 8 Spectr
13、um efficiency and frequency reuse considerations using Omni-Directional antennas.26 8.1 Spectrum efficiency and areal coverage calculations of a single mesh cluster 26 8.1.1 Path-loss models .26 8.1.2 Areal coverage comparison.27 8.1.3 Spectral efficiency comparison.28 8.1.4 Comparisons .30 8.2 Traf
14、fic routing and control .30 8.3 Frequency reuse considerations31 8.3.1 Multichannel configurations .31 ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 4 8.3.2 Effects of inter-cell interferences (Example) 33 9 Coexistence using directional antennas at subscriber stations .34 9.1 Description of the analysis .3
15、4 9.2 Co-channel interference between Directional Mesh and P-MP CS.35 9.2.1 Co-channel interference simulations.35 9.2.2 Co-channel interference from Directional Mesh to P-MP TS.36 9.2.3 Co-channel interference from P-MP CS to Directional Mesh 36 9.2.4 Co-channel interference from P-MP TS to Directi
16、onal Mesh.36 9.2.5 Conclusions of co - channel interference analysis 36 9.3 Coexistence between adjacent frequency blocks in the same area.37 9.3.1 Adjacent channel interference simulations .37 9.3.2 Adjacent block directional mesh interference to P-MP CS and TS 38 9.3.3 Adjacent block directional m
17、esh interference from P-MP CS and TS40 9.3.4 Conclusions for the adjacent block same area coexistence analysis for directional mesh systems.40 10 Spectrum efficiency and frequency reuse considerations using directional mesh systems40 10.1 Modellling 40 10.2 Spectrum efficiency with directional mesh
18、41 10.2.1 Path loss models .41 10.2.2 Area coverage .41 10.2.3 Spectral efficiency calculation example .41 10.2.4 Conclusions for directional mesh systems 42 11 Comparison with P-MP43 12 Main conclusions43 Annex A: Basic data for coexistence analysis 44 Annex B: Simulation tool used in coexistence c
19、alculations for mesh systems using omnidirectional antennas .45 Annex C: Carrier-to-noise plus interference considerations .46 History 48 ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETS
20、I. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is availab
21、le from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced
22、in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Transmission and Multiplexing (TM). In the present document on Mesh systems below 11 GH
23、z coexistence calculations between P-MP and Mesh-systems are presented. Co-channel adjacent area cases and adjacent frequency block same area cases are studied. SEAMCAT simulation tool has been used where applicable. Coexistence calculations for mesh system with directive antennas has been added. Sy
24、stem parameter consistency within the report has been checked as well as consistency with CEPT/ECC Report 33 7. ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 6 1 Scope The present document provides information about systems with mesh network topology to evaluate: - special features of mesh-network such as n
25、etwork architecture, system deployment, network evolution, geographical coverage, link distances, role of traffic control, power control, antennas; - transmission capacity, spectrum use, spectral efficiency, RF-channelling, use of adaptive modulation and coding; - co-existence with other access syst
26、ems using the same frequency band. Focus of this report is on 3,4 GHz band for mesh-systems using omni-directional antennas. For mesh-systems using directional antennas calculations also some calculations for 10,5 GHz band are presented. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), t
27、he following references apply: 1 ETSI EN 301 021: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA); “Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint equipment; Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA); Point-to-multipoint digital radio systems in frequency bands in the range 3 GHz to 11 GHz“. 2 ETSI EN 302 085: “Fixed Rad
28、io Systems; Point-to-Multipoint Antennas; Antennas for point-to-multipoint fixed radio systems in the 3 GHz to 11 GHz band“. 3 ETSI TR 101 939: “Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint-to-Multipoint systems; Requirements for broadband multipoint-to-multipoint radio systems operating in the 24, 25 GHz to 29,
29、5 GHz band and in the available bands within the 31,0 GHz to 33,4 GHz frequency range“. 4 ETSI TR 101 904: “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Time Division Duplex (TDD) in Point-to-Multipoint (P-MP) Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) systems; Characteristics and network applications“. 5 ETSI TR 101 856:
30、“Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); Functional Requirements for Fixed Wireless Access systems below 11 GHz: HIPERMAN“. 6 ETSI TR 101 079: “Network Aspects (NA); Routeing of calls to pan-European services using European Telephony Numbering Space (ETNS)“. 7 CEPT/ECC/Report 33: “The analysis of th
31、e coexistence of FWA cells in the 3,4 to 3,8 GHz bands“. 8 IEEE 802.11a: “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) an Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band“. 9 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 14-03: “Harmonized radio frequency channel arrangements and block allocat
32、ions for low and medium capacity systems in the band 3400 MHz to 3600 MHz“. 10 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 12-08: “Harmonized radio frequency channel arrangements and block allocations for low, medium and high capacity systems in the band 3600 MHz to 4200 MHz“. 11 CEPT/ERC Recommendation 12-05: “Harmoni
33、zed radio frequency channel arrangements for digital terrestrial fixed systems operating in the band 10,0-10,68 GHz“. 12 Richard van Nee, Ramjee Prasad: “OFDM for the Wireless Multimedia Communications“, Artech House Publishers. 13 IEEE 802.16a: “Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Sys
34、tems - amendment 2: Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2 to 11 GHz“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 7 14 IEEE 802.16.2-REVa: “Coexistence of Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems“. 15 The ACTS Project AC215 CRABS “Cellular Radio Access for B
35、roadband Sevices“; Project report D3P1B: “Propagation Planning Procedures for LMDS“. . 16 ETSI EN 301 080: “Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-multipoint equipment; Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA); Point-to-multipoint digital radio systems in frequency bands in the range 3 GHz to 11 GHz“. 3 Def
36、initions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: access point: network device with direct access to the core network backhaul link: connection from mesh access point to core network interface extended neighbourho
37、od: joint set of neighbourhoods of each mesh device in the neighbourhood of a mesh device Fixed Wireless Access (FWA): wireless access application in which subscriber stations are fixed in location during operation, which includes nomadic operation local access: is used in the telecommunications sen
38、se: short range ( 19 dB With respect to Max EIRP of 2 W Modulation Single carrier QPSK to 64 QAM 12,5 Msymbols/s Receiver threshold -87 dBm for QPSK -80 dBm for 16 QAM -74 dBm for 64 QAM Duplex Type TDD But operation in FDD based channel arrangements possible RF-channelization 20 MHz, 10 MHz, 5 MHz
39、(28 MHz, 14 MHz, 7 MHz) 5.2 Hop lengths and transmission performance In outdoor environment the hop lengths are highly dependent on the effective path loss exponent values between routes. Two extreme cases i.e. modulation methods BPSK(1/2) and 64 QAM(3/4) are taken into account and the assumptions a
40、re indicated in table 2. The line-of-sight path loss is equal to PL = 43,3 dB + 20 log10(d) at 3,5 GHz. In sub-urban environments the average path loss exponent is typically about 2,8 with the antenna heights of mesh nodes giving rise to a path loss equation PL = 43,.3 + 10 n log10(d). But an intell
41、igent routing system can always select the best routes to be used and the actual average path loss exponent will be closer to that of line-of-sight (n = 2). If we assume that the mesh can utilize routes with propagation exponent n = 2 to 2,5 it would mean 300 m to 1000 m hop lengths for 64 QAM and o
42、ver 1000 m hop lengths for BPSK in the example above (see figure 5). Maximum line of sight distances are 8,6 km by BPSK (1/2) and 1,2 km by 64 QAM (3/4) corresponding paths with propagation exponent equal to 2. 10 1001 00010 0002 2,5 3 3,5 4 Propagation exponent RangemforBPSK-64QAMFigure 5: Hop leng
43、ths as a function of path loss exponent ETSI ETSI TR 102 328 V1.1.1 (2004-07) 166 Frequency plans 6.1 Frequency bands and RF-channels Frequency bands allocated for FWA-use between 3 GHz and 11 GHz; 3,5 GHz 9, 3,7 GHz 10, 10,5 GHz 11 as summarized also in reference 1. The following channelling altern
44、atives are recommended by CEPT: RF-channelization for P-P: paired channels: 1 MHz, 75 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 7 MHz, 14 MHz or 28 MHz RF-channelization for P-MP: paired blocks of width N 0,25 MHz for frequency bands 3,5 GHz and 3,7 GHz and N 0,5 MHz for 10,5 GHz, where N is an integer. Recommended duplex
45、-separations of paired channels or blocks are 50 MHz or 100 MHz in the bands 3,5 GHz and 3,7 GHz and 350 MHz in 10,5 GHz band. Mesh-system may utilise any of these alternatives. Table 4: Details of frequency bands which have been considered within CEPT Frequency band Band limits Transmit/receive spa
46、cing (applies to channels/blocks) 3,5 GHz 3,4 GHz to 3,6 GHz 50 MHz or 100 MHz, CEPT/ERC Rec. 14-03 9 3,7 GHz 3,6 GHz to 3,8 GHZ 50 MHz or 100 MHz CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-08 10 10,5 GHz 10,15 GHz to 10,3 GHz paired with 10,5 GHz to 10,65 GHz 350 MHz, CEPT/ERC Rec. 12-05 11 In addition interest has grown in
47、 the possibilities for licence exempt (or lightly licensed) FWA deployment in the band 5,725 to 5,875 MHz. Although studies are underway to examine these possibilities, mesh systems are equally suited to operation in this band. 6.2 RF-channelling In common with FWA P-MP systems adequate spectrum res
48、ources are required to adequately plan mesh system deployments making best use of characteristics that maximise efficiency and throughput thereby maximising active user density. Similar considerations exist concerning channelization with regard to deliverable system capacity objectives. Whilst direc
49、tional mesh systems tend to use spectrum resources dynamically across the entire network, omni-directional mesh networks can employ a frequency re-use arrangement similar to P-MP systems for clusters of operation. As an example for omni-directional mesh systems, the available total frequency band is about 200 MHz at 3,5 GHz and 3,7 GHz and 300 MHz (150 + 150 MHz) at 10,5 GHz. If 4/1 frequency reuse can be applied (see clause 8.3), the required band per system should be at least 2 2 7 MHz but preferably 2 4 7 MHz to
