1、 ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02)Technical Report Analysis of the Short Message Service (SMS) and Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) for Emergency Messaging applications;Emergency Messaging;SMS and CBSETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 2 Reference DTR/EMTEL-00004 Keywords CBS, emergency, SMS ETSI 650 R
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5、lable at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The
6、copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks curren
7、tly being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Referenc
8、es 5 3 Definitions and abbreviations.5 3.1 Definitions5 3.2 Abbreviations .6 4 Short Message Service .6 4.1 Functional overview.7 4.2 Service characteristics 8 4.2.1 Alert SC 8 4.2.2 Retry schedules.8 4.2.3 Concatenation .8 4.2.4 Message duplication .8 4.2.5 Priority messages 8 4.2.6 Short codes9 4.
9、2.7 Smart cards (SIM/USIM)9 4.2.8 Man machine interface9 4.2.9 Roaming9 4.2.10 Viruses 9 4.2.11 Spam .10 4.2.12 Malicious emergency Short Messages10 4.2.13 Charging .10 4.2.14 Fixed Network Connectivity.10 4.2.15 Prepay mobile phones.10 4.2.16 Performance10 4.2.17 Location information 11 4.3 Specifi
10、c functions.11 4.3.1 Delivery confirmation.11 4.3.2 Display immediate 12 4.3.3 Validity Period12 4.3.4 Identification of emergency Short Messages 12 4.3.5 Reply path.12 5 Cell Broadcast Service .12 5.1 Functional overview.13 5.2 Service limitations13 5.2.1 Malicious emergency CBS Messages.13 5.2.2 M
11、MI13 5.2.3 CBS Message delays.13 5.2.4 CBS Message cycle time 14 5.2.5 Spam .14 5.2.6 Viruses 14 5.3 Specific functions.14 5.3.1 Display immediate 14 5.3.2 Language 14 History 15 ETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the prese
12、nt document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in res
13、pect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to th
14、e existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Special Committee Emergency Communications (EMTEL). Introduction T
15、he present document provides an overview of the functionality of the Short Message Service (SMS) and the Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) and considers the relevance of certain service characteristics and certain specific functions of either service to the use of SMS and CBS for Emergency messaging appl
16、ications. The TR does not set out to make comparisons between SMS and CBS, neither does its scope extend to making any recommendation for the selection of either SMS or CBS compared to other technologies. The definitive specifications for SMS and CBS are TS 123 040 1 and TS 123 041 2 respectively. T
17、he present document merely provides an interpretation of those definitive specifications. In any doubt, the definitive specifications must be consulted. SMS and CBS are just 2 possible mechanisms that may satisfy requirements for Emergency Messaging Services. TR 102 182 5 and TR 103 180 6 contain ad
18、ditional information concerning a study for SMS and CBS for Emergency Messaging applications. Some of that information is independently mentioned in the present document. There is in general, consistency of information across all documents but each document elaborates the subject matter appropriate
19、to itself. In the present document, considerations for SMS are primarily aimed at its use for Subscriber (citizen) initiated emergency messages (request for assistance) whereas considerations for CBS are primarily aimed at its use for Authority initiated broadcast emergency messages (e.g. national e
20、mergencies or local emergencies). Whilst it is possible for SMS to be used for Authority initiated broadcast emergency messages certain criteria may limit the effectiveness of such a service. E.g. Difficulty in obtaining location information for specific MSs; SC or mobile network overload due to ins
21、tantaneous demand to process large numbers of Short Messages which may result in delay or non delivery. It should be recognized that originators and/or recipients of emergency messages may be disabled (e.g. deaf), elderly or children and that consideration for their particular needs when using SMS o
22、r CBS may be necessary SR 001 996 9. Such requirements are not specifically addressed in the present document. Provision of any special MMI or service provision for SMS and CBS are usually vendor or network operator specific. It may become apparent from the body of the present document that changes
23、/ enhancements to 3GPP Technical Specifications would be desirable if SMS and /or CBS were to be used for emergency messaging. It should be noted that SMS is a mature service and that changes that risk backwards incompatibility would be unadvisable. CBS is by contrast not so widely used but similar
24、concerns regarding changes to 3GPP CBS Technical Specifications may be raised as there are already some implementations. ETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 5 1 Scope The present document covers the analysis of SMS and CBS for Emergency Applications using mobile radio systems although TS 123 040 1
25、 makes provision for Short Messages to be originated or terminated at a suitably equipped fixed network termination. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: 1 ETSI TS 123 040: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobil
26、e Telecommunications System (UMTS); Technical realization of Short Message Service (SMS) (3GPP TS 23.040 Release 6)“. 2 ETSI TS 123 041: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Technical realization of Cell Broadcast Service (CBS) (3
27、GPP TS 23.041 Release 6)“. 3 ETSI TS 123 038: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Alphabets and language-specific information (3GPP TS 23.038)“. 4 ETSI SR 002 180: “Requirements for communication of citizens with authorities/orga
28、nizations in case of distress (emergency call handling)“. 5 ETSI TR 102 182: “Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communications from authorities/organizations to the citizens during emergencies“. 6 ETSI TR 103 180: “Access and Terminals (AT); Study on Emergency Communications; Aspect
29、s related to fixed line terminals“, annex B. 7 ETSI TR 121 905: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications (3GPP TR 21.905)“. 8 ISO/IEC 10646: “Information technology; Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Ch
30、aracter Set (UCS)“. 9 ETSI SR 001 996: “Human Factors (HF); An annotated bibliography of documents dealing with Human Factors and disability“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Mobile Station (MS): in
31、the present document it is synonymous with the term “user equipment“ (UE) in UMTS terminology as defined in TR 121 905 7 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP): physical location where emergency calls are received under the responsibility of a public authority (see Commission Recommendation C (2003)26
32、57) ETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 6 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations given in TR 121 905 7 and the following apply: 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project BSC Base Station Controller BTS Base Transmitting Station CBS Cell Broadcast Se
33、rvice DCS Data Coding Scheme (see TS 123 028 3) DRX Discontinuous Reception (see TS 123 041 2) EMS Enhanced Message Service EMTEL EMergency TELecommunications GSM General System for Mobile communication HLR Home Location Register MMI Man Machine Interface MMS Multimedia Message Service MO-SM Mobile
34、Originated-Short Message MS Mobile Station (see clause 3.1) MT-SM Mobile Terminated-Short Message PID Protocol IDentifier (see TS 123 040 1) PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PSAP Public Safety Answering Point (see clause 3.1) QoS Quality of Service SC Service Centre SIM Subscriber Identity Module SMS
35、 Short Message Service SMS-SC Short Message Service-Service Centre (as SC above) UE User Equipment (see clause 3.1) UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service URL Universal Resource Locator USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module VLR Visited Location Register 4 Short Message Service The Short
36、 Message Service is defined in TS 123 040 1. The Short Message Service allows Text or Binary messages to be sent to and from an MS via a Short Message Service Centre (SC) that is responsible for storing and forwarding Short Messages. Text Message lengths are in units of 160 characters (seven bit cod
37、ing, see TS 123 038 3). Binary Message lengths are in units of 140 octets. Concatenation allows units to be strung together to allow longer messages to be sent. The SMS specifications also define the Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS) that allows simple line graphics, simple animations and polyphonic
38、sounds to be contained within a Short Message. For ease of writing, all references to SMS in the present document shall be taken to include EMS unless specifically commented otherwise. Some key points regarding SMS are as follows: Store and Forward Service - virtually guarantees message delivery onc
39、e message has been sent to and received by the SC. Many performance issues (e.g. delivery times) are network operator specific. Some network operators use routers to deliver the Short Message to its final destination without the need for a Store and Forward function and in the event of non delivery
40、the Short message may be subsequently stored or deleted. Not ideal for 2 way messaging applications where real time messaging is a criterion. Problem of non delivery or delayed delivery usually due to recipients MS being in poor radio coverage. Reliable - but has characteristics that may give impres
41、sion of unreliability, i.e. message delay. ETSI ETSI TR 102 444 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 7 Message integrity virtually 100 %. Deployed in virtually every GSM PLMN and by implemented in virtually every MS. Over a decade of wide commercial service. Its deployment and support in UMTS environments is low compar
42、ed to GSM. Will often succeed in poor radio conditions where voice calls do not, due to air occupancy for a Short Message being only a few tens of ms, compared to a considerably longer period for speech. Will often succeed in conditions of voice congestion in the network because SMS uses signalling
43、radio channels and not speech radio channels. Biggest revenue earner next to speech. Network operators keen to identify increased revenue opportunities. Can only target specific MSs and so its suitability to reach large numbers of MSs in a reasonable time frame is limited. Service execution of an MO
44、-SM is done in the home PLMN. 4.1 Functional overview A mobile subscriber compiling a short message for sending is normally required, as a minimum, to enter the message content and a destination address (i.e. the intended recipients address) which can be another MS, a short code or a fixed data netw
45、ork address. There are other parameters that are either inserted automatically by the MS or may be selected as options by the mobile subscriber. Some of these are discussed later. A Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) is normally routed to the subscribers home network SC. The address of that SC
46、is held on the (U)SIM in the MS and automatically inserted by the MS when the Short Message is sent. The sending MS number is also automatically inserted by the MS and cannot easily be altered by the subscriber. Once the Short Message has been received by the SC, the SC sends an acknowledgement to t
47、he sending MS, sometimes displayed as “Message Sent“ on some MMSs. “Message Sent“ means that the Short Message has only been received by the SC, NOT by the intended recipient. This is often misunderstood by persons sending Short Messages. The SC then secures the Short Message and begins to make an a
48、ttempt to deliver it to the intended recipient. If the intended recipient MS or receiving apparatus is available then the Short Message is delivered. If the intended recipient MS or receiving apparatus is not available or there are network problems on the delivery side then the SC delivery attempt w
49、ill fail and the SC will then usually enter a retry schedule according to the error condition that has been encountered. Whether delivery of that particular Short Message succeeds depends on a number of factors. One important factor is a parameter called the Validity Period, and is usually set to a default by the sending MS which defines the time period for which a particular Short Message is to be held in the SC pending delivery. If the Short Message cannot be delivered within the Validity Period because of
