1、 ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02)Technical Report Telecommunications and Internet converged Services andProtocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN);Review of available material onQoS requirements of Multimedia ServicesETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 2 Reference DTR/TISPAN-05006-Tech Keywords mu
2、ltimedia, QoS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present
3、document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of d
4、ispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and othe
5、r ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by
6、written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON log
7、o are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 1 Scope 5 2
8、 References 5 3 Definitions and abbreviations.9 3.1 Definitions9 3.2 Abbreviations .10 4 Framework for MM QoS classification11 4.1 End user QoS requirements11 4.2 NGN QoS framework and requirements 11 4.3 Classification made by other standards organizations12 4.3.1 ITU-T12 4.3.2 3GPP.17 4.3.3 ANSI.1
9、9 5 Multimedia QoS performance metrics .20 5.1 End-to-end performance characteristics for speech service component.20 5.1.1 Speech coding algorithms.20 5.1.2 Delay and jitter .21 5.1.3 Packet loss 22 5.1.4 Overall rating24 5.2 End-to-end performance characteristics for audio service component.25 5.2
10、.1 Audio coding algorithms 25 5.2.2 Delay and jitter .25 5.2.3 Packet loss 26 5.2.4 Bit rate 26 5.2.5 Overall rating26 5.3 End-to-end performance characteristics for video service components .27 5.3.1 Video coding algorithms.27 5.3.2 Video frame rate .28 5.3.3 Video picture resolution29 5.3.4 Delay.
11、30 5.3.5 Overall rating30 5.3.6 Packet loss 31 5.3.7 Bit Rate .31 5.4 End-to-end performance characteristics for text, data and image service components 32 5.4.1 Reliable transport protocols 32 5.4.1.1 Transport Control Protocol (TCP).32 5.4.1.2 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) 32 5.4.2 R
12、eliable transport protocol performance.32 5.4.3 User experience rating 33 5.5 Media quality interaction36 5.5.1 Lip synchronization 36 5.5.2 Multimedia class of service 37 6 Conclusions 39 History 41 ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially e
13、ssential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs no
14、tified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
15、can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Telecommunications and In
16、ternet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN). ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 5 1 Scope The present document provides an overview of factors that influence user perceived quality in TISPAN compliant systems supporting multimedia applications. Multimedia applications
17、 are defined as those which combine different media types with potentially fundamentally different properties and inter-relationships. Examples of media types are audio, video, animation, still pictures, graphics and data (text). Multimedia applications include videoconferencing, audio streaming, CC
18、TV, broadcast TV, etc. Although part of an integrated application, media flows within multimedia applications may be very different in terms of transmission quality requirements. The present document defines the audio and video quality requirements for a variety of multimedia applications involving
19、conversational and streaming media flows and the transmission quality requirements to support these in TISPAN systems. Video applications are restricted to those involving screens of medium size (12) and upwards. A classification system is included to describe the quality aspects of multimedia syste
20、ms, their media components and the transmission quality requirements in TISPAN systems. Issues of Media synchronization are also included. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply: 1 ETSI TR 102 274 (V1.1.1): “Human Factors (HF); Guidelines for real
21、-time person-to-person communication services“. 2 ITU-T Recommendation E.800: “Terms and definitions related to quality of service and network performance including dependability“. 3 ITU-T Recommendation G.1000: “Communications Quality of Service: A framework and definitions“. 4 ETSI TS 185 001 (V1.
22、1.1): “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Next Generation Network (NGN); Quality of Service (QoS) Framework and Requirements“. 5 ETSI ES 282 003: “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking
23、(TISPAN); Resource and Admission Control Sub-system (RACS); Functional Architecture“. 6 ITU-T Recommendation P.911 (1998): “Subjective audiovisual quality assessment methods for multimedia applications“. 7 ITU-T Recommendation G.1010 (2001): “End-user multimedia QoS categories“. 8 ITU-R Recommendati
24、on BT.601: “Studio encoding parameters of digital television for standard 4:3 and wide-screen 16:9 aspect ratios“. 9 ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 (2002): “Network performance objectives for IP-based services“. 10 ITU-T Recommendation Y.1540: “Internet protocol data communication service - IP packet t
25、ransfer and availability performance parameters“. 11 ITU-T Recommendation H.360: “An architecture for end-to-end QoS control and signalling“. 12 ITU-T Recommendation G.1050 (2005): “Network model for evaluating multimedia transmission performance over internet protocol“. 13 ETSI TS 123 107 (V6.3.0):
26、 “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Quality of Service (QoS) concept and architecture (3GPP TS 23.107 version 6.3.0 Release 6)“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 6 14 ANSI T1.522 (2000): “Quality of Service for Business Mul
27、timedia Conferencing“. 15 ITU-T Recommendation G.711: “Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies“. 16 ITU-T Recommendation G.722: “7 kHz audio-coding within 64 kbit/s“. 17 IETF RFC 3951: “Internet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC)“. 18 S. V. Andersen, W. B. Kleijn, S. Hagen, J. Linden, M. N. Murthi a
28、nd J. ILBC Skoglund: “A linear predictive coder with robustness to packet losses“. 2002 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 6-9 October, 2002. 19 ITU-T Recommendation G.729: “Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-code-excited linear-prediction (CS-ACEL
29、P)“. 20 IETF RFC 3551: “RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control“. 21 IETF RFC 3550: “RTP: A transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications“. 22 ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1: “Speech coders: Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/
30、s“. 23 TIA/EIA-TSB-116: “Telecommunications - IP Telephony - Voice Quality Recommendations for IP Telephony“. 24 ITU-T Recommendation G.114: “One-way transmission time“. 25 Y. J. Liang, N. Frber and B. Girod: “Adaptive Playout Scheduling and Loss Concealment for Voice Communication Over IP Networks“
31、. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 5, No. 4 (1993). 26 ITU-T Recommendation G.107: “The E-model, a computational model for use in transmission planning“. 27 ETSI TR 101 329-6: “Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; End-to-end Quality of Service
32、 in TIPHON systems; Part 6: Actual measurements of network and terminal characteristics and performance parameters in TIPHON networks and their influence on voice quality“. 28 A. Clark: “Modelling the effects of Burst Packet Loss and the Recency on Subjective Voice Quality“. The 3rd IP Telephony Wor
33、kshop 2002, New York 28 April-2 May 2002. 29 W. Jiang and H. Schulzrinne: “Comparison and Optimization of Packet Loss Repair Methods on VoIP Perceived Quality under Bursty Loss“. NOSSDAV“02, Miami Beach, 12-14 May 2002. 30 ETSI TS 101 329-5 (V1.1.1): “Telecommunications and Internet protocol Harmoni
34、zation Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 3; Technology Compliance Specification; Part 5: Quality of Service (QoS) measurement methodologies“. 31 A. Duric: “Speech/Audio coding for IP networks. ETSI Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ)“. Workshop Compensating for Packet Loss in Real
35、-Time Applications, 11th February 2003. 32 ITU-T Recommendation G.722.1: “Low-complexity coding at 24 and 32 kbit/s for hands-free operation in systems with low frame loss“. 33 ETSI ETR 250: “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Speech communication quality from mouth to ear for 3,1 kHz handset telep
36、hony across networks“. 34 ETSI TR 102 356 (V1.1.1): “Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Application and enhancements of the E-Model (ETR 250); Overview of available documentation and ongoing work“. 35 ISO/IEC 11172 (MPEG 1, 5 parts): “Information technology - Coding of moving
37、 pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 7 36 ISO/IEC 13818 (MPEG 2, 11 parts): “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information“. 37 ISO/IEC 14496 (MPEG 4; currently in 16 p
38、arts): “Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects“. 38 Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS: “MPEG-4 AAC-LD Low-Delay High-Quality Audio Coding“. 39 ISO/IEC 14496-3 Amd1 (2003): “Bandwidth Extension“. 40 K. Brandenburg: “MP3 and AAC explained“. AES 17th International Confer
39、ence on High Quality Coding, 1999. 41 ITU-R Recommendation BS.1387: “Method for objective measurements of perceived audio quality“. 42 ITU-T Recommendation H.261: “Video codec for audiovisual services at p x 64 kbit/s“. 43 ITU-T Recommendation H.263: “Video coding for low bit rate communication“. 44
40、 ITU-T Recommendation H.264: “Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services (Also known as ISO/IEC 14496-10)“. 45 R. Koenen: “MPEG 4 multimedia for our time“. IEEE Spectrum, vol 36, No. 2, February 1999, pp. 26-33. 46 ACTS AC 314: “Vis-Vis Final report“. Reference number A0314/NSSL/PB/DR/P/
41、005/b1, 30 June 1999. 47 Yadavalli, G,. Masry, M. and Hemami: “Frame rate preferences in low bit rate video“. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2003) Barcelona, September, 14-17 2003. 48 ITU-R Recommendation BT.500: “Methodology for the subjective Assessment of the Quality of T
42、elevision Pictures“. 49 ITU-T Recommendation H.320: “Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment“. 50 ITU-T Recommendation H.323: “Packet-based multimedia communications systems“. 51 G. Ct, B. Erol, M. Gallant and F. Kossentini: “H.263+: Video coding at low bit rates“. IEEE Transacti
43、ons on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 8, No. 7, November 1998, pp. 849-866. 52 T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjntegaard and A. Luthra: “Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard“. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, No. 7, July 2003, pp. 5
44、60-576. 53 S. Wenger: “H.264/AVC over IP“. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,vol. 13, No. 7, July 2003, pp. 645-656. 54 SMPTE 421M.: “Draft SMPTE Standard for Television - VC-1 Compressed Video Bitstream Format and Decoding Process“, 2005. 55 J. Bennett and A. Bock.: “In
45、-Depth Review of Advanced Coding Technologies for Low Bit Rate Broadcast Applications“. IBC 2003, Amsterdam, 11-15 September 2003. 56 R. T. Apteker, J. A. Fisher, V. S. Kisimov and H. Neishlos: “Video acceptability and Frame Rate“. IEEE Multimedia, vol. 2, No. 3, 1995, pp. 32-40. 57 Video Quality Ex
46、perts Group (VQEG): “Final report from the Video Quality Experts Group on the validation of objective models of video quality assessment“. March 2000. http:/www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqeg/projects/frtv_phaseI/index.php. ETSI ETSI TR 102 479 V1.1.1 (2006-02) 8 58 Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG): “Final
47、report from the Video Quality Experts Group on the validation of objective models of video quality assessment, Phase II“. August 2003. http:/www.its.bldrdoc.gov/vqeg/projects/frtv_phaseII/index.php. 59 ITU-R Recommendation BT.1683 (2004): “Objective perceptual video quality measurement techniques fo
48、r standard definition digital broadcast television in the presence of a full reference“. 60 ITU-T Recommendation J.144 (2004): “Objective perceptual video quality measurement techniques for digital cable television in the presence of a full reference“. 61 H. Thoma: “Delay in Video Transmission and R
49、ate control“. http:/www.hthoma.de/video/delay/. 62 T. Hayashi, S. Yamasaki, N. Morita, H. Aida, M. Takeichi and N. Doi: “Effects of IP packet loss and picture frame reduction on MPEG1 subjective quality“. IEEE 1999 Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Copenhagen, 13-15 September 1999. 63 IETF RFC 793: “Transmission Control Protocol“. 64 IETF RFC 2960: “Stream Control Transmission Protocol“. 65 IETF RFC 3286: “An Introduction to the Stre
