1、 ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Technical characteristics for SRD equipmentusing Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB);System Reference Document;Part 2: Object Discrimination and Characteriz
2、ation (ODC)applications for power tool devicesoperating in the frequency band of 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHzETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 2 Reference RTR/ERM-RM-253-2 Keywords radar, radio, short range, UWB, SRDoc, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +3
3、3 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made avail
4、able in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a
5、specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find er
6、rors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in
7、all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2007. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPT
8、M is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions and abbreviations.8 3.1 Definitions8 3.2 Abbr
9、eviations .8 4 Executive summary 8 4.1 Status of the present document.9 4.2 Market information.9 4.3 Technical system description .9 5 Current regulations.9 6 Proposed parameters for regulation9 7 Main conclusions11 8 Expected ECC and ETSI actions11 Annex A: Detailed market information .12 A.1 Range
10、 of applications .12 A.2 Market size and value.14 A.3 Traffic evaluation .15 Annex B: Technical information 17 B.1 Detailed technical description 17 B.1.1 UWB Sensor Types17 B.2 Technical justification for spectrum.18 B.2.1 Power19 B.2.2 Frequency mask20 B.2.3 Bandwidth requirement 21 B.2.4 Measurem
11、ent principle for the limit values21 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues 23 C.1 Coexistence issues23 C.2 Current ITU-R allocations23 C.3 Sharing issues.23 History 24 ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present docum
12、ent may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of
13、ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existe
14、nce of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matte
15、rs (ERM). The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Short Range Devices (SRD) System Reference Documents; Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB) for sensor applications as identified below: Part 1: “Building material analysis and
16、classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz“; Part 2: “Object Discrimination and Characterization (ODC) applications for power tool devices operating in the frequency band of 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz“; Part 3: “Location tracking applications type 1 operating in the fr
17、equency band from 6 GHz to 9 GHz for indoor and outdoor usage“; Part 4: “Object identification for surveillance applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz“; Part 5: “Location tracking applications type 2 operating in the frequency band from 6 GHz to 9 GHz for indoor and outdo
18、or usage“; Part 6: “Object Detection for mobile, construction, agriculture and off-road applications operating in the frequency band from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz“. Introduction Ultra wide band sensors enable a new generation of devices, allowing the identification and classification of objects, in addition
19、 to detecting their presence and position. The operation is contactless and works over a short distance of less then 40 cm, even if the object is hidden by an obstacle. Applications for such devices are widespread. The following list gives an overview: Position detection and identification of human
20、extremities for enhanced operational safety with potentially dangerous tools. Pre-impact protection and pre-impact detection or direct contact avoidance for hidden objects to be detected for building work applications. Frequencies in the lower GHz range are prerequisite for such a kind of object cla
21、ssification equipment, allowing the electromagnetic wave to penetrate objects like cloth or human tissue. The wave penetrating an object inside returns much more information (such as inhomogenities, object composition, dielectricity, etc.) about the object than just the surface reflection. A certain
22、 bandwidth is required to receive a characteristic response from the target and to ensure sufficient resolution needed for target separation. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 5 The present document is based on the TR 102 495-2 6 but specifies a subset of applications for power tools. The pres
23、ent report is intended to include necessary information to be forwarded to the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) under the MoU between ETSI and the ECC. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 6 1 Scope The present document provides information on the intended applications, the technical par
24、ameters and the radio spectrum requirements for UWB object classification sensor equipment operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz. The applications which operate in close proximities can be divided in two different categories: Category 1: Proximity Sensing of Human tissue Sensing an
25、d position detection of human tissue (extremities) for user-protection applications, e.g. for tooling equipment (table top saw); Category 2: Pre-impact protection (direct contact avoidance for building work) Measure the thickness of materials and penetrate materials for “Break through“ protection an
26、d avoid direct contact for building, construction type work (e.g. drilling machine); pre-impact detection. The present document includes necessary information including: Detailed market information (annex A). Technical information (annex B). Expected compatibility issues (annex C). The present docum
27、ent does not cover communication, through-wall, building material analysis and classification and ground probing radar devices. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific
28、 (identified by date of publication and/or edition or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location mig
29、ht be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 1 CEPT/ECC Report 64: “The protection requirements of radiocommunication systems below 10.6 GHz from generic UWB ap
30、plications“ Helsinki, February 2005. 2 CEPT/ERC Report 25: “The European Table of Frequency Allocations and Utilizations Covering the Frequency Range 9 kHz to 275 GHz“ Lisboa January 2002 - Dublin 2003 - ey 2004 -Copenhagen 2004. 3 Void. 4 ETSI TR 102 495-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
31、spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document Part 1: Building material analysis and classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz“. ETSI ETSI
32、TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 7 5 CEN TR 15350: “Mechanical vibration- Guideline for the assessment of exposure to hand-transmitted vibration based on information provided by manufacturers of machinery“. 6 ETSI TR 102 495-2 (V1.1.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); S
33、hort Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document Part 2: Object Discrimination and Characterization applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz“. 7 ETSI EN 302 435: “Electromagnetic c
34、ompatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz; Part 2: Harmonized
35、EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R Springer publishing 2/2004. 13 “M-Sequence Ultra-Wideband-Radar: State of Development and Applications“, Sachs, J.; Peyerl, P.; Zetik, R.; Crabbe, S., Radar 2003, Adelaide (Australia), pp. 6, September 2003. 14 “Radar Imaging of Small Object
36、s Closely Below the Earth Surface“, PhD from Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, 2000 Egil S. Eide:. 15 “Visible Human Project“. NOTE: See http:/www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html. 16 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission; NOTE: See http:/www.cpsc.gov/
37、. 17 “Final report of the safety Working Group on road safety“; Directorate-General for the Information Society of the European Commission. 18 “Supplement 5 to OET Bulletin 65“; Federal Communications Commission; NOTE: See http:/www.fcc.gov. 19 Holzberufsgenossenschaft Deutschland; Employers liabili
38、ty insurance association Germany, Munich; NOTE: See www.holz-bg.de. 20 FCC 03-03: “Revision of Part 15 of the Commissions Rules Regarding UWB Transmission Systems“ April 5, 2005. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 8 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present
39、 document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity factor: reflects the effective transmission time ratio clutter: undesired radar reflections (echos) e.g. from inhomogenities, interfaces spatial resolution: the ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets pre-impact detection: “
40、break through“ protection and direct contact avoidance for building work Total Radiated Power (TRP): integration of the emissions in the whole area around the ODC-scenario NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP) 7). This value is comparable to an equi
41、valent isotropic radiator. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CEPT Confrence Europenne des Administrations des Postes et des Tlcommunications CW Continuous-Wave dB deciBel dBm deciBel relative to 1 mW DC Direct Current e.i.r.p. equivalent i
42、sotropically radiated power ECC Electronic Communications Committee ERC European Radiocommunications Committee ITU-R International Telecommunications Union-Radio sector LBT Listen Before Talk LDC Low Duty CycleODC Object Discrimination material characteristics like complex permittivity. Such devices
43、 will lead to significant improvements of the safety to operators during the operation of dangerous tools, to enhance user- safety. In consequence, a socio-economic benefit results from the introduction of these devices. 8 Expected ECC and ETSI actions The new mandate M407 EN 10 was received by ETSI
44、, calling for release of candidate Harmonized European Standards for UWB sensor applications. WGFM and WGSE continue the work from ECC_TG3 and under revised terms of reference. This work includes UWB imaging devices such as UWB sensors (16thmeeting of ECC, Krakow, 26-30 March 2007) 11. ETSI requests
45、 ECC to consider the present document which includes the necessary information under the MoU between ETSI and the ECC for a new regulation for ODC sensor applications. ETSI requests ECC to perform the relevant compatibility studies to determine whether the emissions and mitigation factors described
46、in the present document are appropriate to protect radio services. It is expected that ECC will create a new ECC decision early 2008 for ODC sensor applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz. A new draft Harmonized European Standard for the ODC sensor equipment covered by t
47、he present document is under development in ETSI ERM TG31C. ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 12Annex A: Detailed market information A.1 Range of applications Ultra wideband sensors enable a novel class of applications, allowing the identification and classification of objects, additionally to
48、 detecting their presence and position. Such sensors also allow the monitoring of the status of an object or a person. A number of examples for applications are summarized below. Category 1: Proximity Sensing of Human tissue, “Protection Sensing“ detection of small objects like a finger or other ext
49、remities in the presence of obstacles (e.g. wood), positioned close to a hazard like a saw blade; applications typically for benchtop market, (increasing the occupational safety); usage in close proximity to hazard area (0 cm to 20 cm); tools are transportable but during usage stationary located or fixed at one position inside the building lot. Workpiece Tool Sensor Figure A.1.1: Saw Scenario ETSI ETSI TR 102 495-2 V1.2.1 (2007-09) 13Figure A.1.2: Table top saw blade 050010001500200025003000350040002000
