1、 ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07)Technical Report Environmental Engineering (EE); The reduction of energy consumption in telecommunications equipment and related infrastructureETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 2Reference RTR/EE-00019 Keywords control, environment, power, power supply ETSI 650 Ro
2、ute des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloade
3、d from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference sha
4、ll be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is avail
5、able at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The c
6、opyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETS
7、I registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References
8、 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 7g33.3 Abbreviations . 8g34 Company Environmental Procedures . 8g34.1 Guidance on Company Environmental Procedures 8g35 Telecom System Power and Energy Efficie
9、ncy . 9g35.1 Introduction 9g35.2 Power consumption of telecom systems - ICT view 9g35.3 Reference models . 10g35.3.1 Reference model content 10g35.3.2 Reference Model Network 11g35.3.3 Node Site Reference Model 11g35.4 Operating conditions 13g35.4.1 Traffic pattern . 13g35.4.2 Operational modes and
10、power management . 13g35.4.3 Traffic models and operational modes 13g35.4.4 Reach/coverage/rate impact 14g35.4.5 Climate impact and models . 15g35.5 Power efficiency . 16g35.5.1 Useful output 16g35.5.2 Power consumption dependencies 16g35.5.3 Proposed Energy Efficiency definition for fixed BB equipm
11、ent 16g35.5.4 Examples 16g35.5.4.1 Power consumption values used . 16g35.5.4.2 NPC for DSLAM, ADSL2+ Tier 1 and VDSL2 Tier 2 DC consumption 16g35.5.4.3 AC Site energy consumption and cost for DSLAM and Modem ADSL 2+ Tier 1 and VDSL2 Tier 2 . 17g35.5.5 Way forward, using power/energy efficiency view
12、19g36 Energy saving methods for telecom infrastructure equipment . 19g36.1 Infrastructure equipment introduction 20g36.2 Cooling systems . 20g36.2.1 Use of fresh air cooling . 20g36.2.2 Use of water cooling . 21g36.2.3 Fans. 21g36.2.4 Room temperature set-points 21g36.2.5 Thermal management . 21g36.
13、3 Power system 22g36.3.1 Power architecture 22g36.3.2 -48 V DC power distribution 22g36.3.3 AC/DC power systems 22g36.3.4 DC/AC power supply systems (inverters) 23g36.3.5 Diesel generator (Diesel GenSet) 24g36.3.6 AC distributions 24g36.3.7 UPS . 25g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 46.3.8 Arch
14、itecture comparison . 26g36.3.9 Battery 27g36.3.10 Batteries in outdoor enclosure 28g36.3.11 Battery and Genset in alternating operation 28g36.4 DC generators . 29g36.4.1 PV systems as energy saving system 29g36.5 Energy aware design 29g36.6 Energy efficiency benchmark . 29g36.7 Software or firmware
15、 techniques to reduce energy 29g36.8 Energy management unit 30g36.9 Increase efficiency of components . 30g36.10 Metering and Sub-metering 30g36.10.1 Type of meter 30g36.10.2 Deployment. 31g36.10.3 Energy Data Management 32g36.10.4 Other metering aspects related to energy management . 32g36.11 Subra
16、ck fans . 33g3Annex A: Use of reference models 34g3A.1 Central office node site, AC and DC consumption 34g3Annex B: DSL simulation results . 35g3Annex C: DSLAM power consumption and performance . 36g3Annex D: Efficiency calculation of different power architecture 37g3Annex E: Bibliography 39g3Histor
17、y 40g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be fou
18、nd in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Poli
19、cy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Tech
20、nical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE). Introduction Recent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies have revealed that the energy consumption of network telecom equipment during operation is one of themost significant environmental impact factor of
21、 the telecom business. Raw material production, manufacturing, distribution and disposal have also an energy impact which can be pointed out in a complete the LCA Telecom operators should pay attention on several factors linked to energy consumption: the cost of the energy is significant and rising
22、due to the cost of raw materials and government policies, which will impact on the operating cost of telecom services. It is therefore in the interest of operators to reduce their energy usage, distribution and unit cost; CO2emission at each step of the life cycle; compliancy with current and antici
23、pation with future regulation on energy saving and CO2emission reduction. The present document covers various methods of increasing the energy efficiency of telecom systems by controlling/reducing the energy consumption in the telecommunication network equipment and related infrastructure. The prese
24、nt document is in particular dedicated to the Broadband Access technology. ETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2.1 (2011-07) 61 Scope The present document is an accumulation of ideas on the methods to increase the energy efficiency of telecommunication systems in order to reduce its operational energy use; the
25、present document considers telecommunication equipment and infrastructure equipment (power station, air cooling, control of equipment, etc.) in telecommunication centres. The energy efficiency of end-user equipment is not considered. Focus is on the operational phase. 2 References References are eit
26、her specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which
27、are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenc
28、ed documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 300 019 (
29、all series): “Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment“. i.2 ETSI EN 300 132-2: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment; Part 2: Operated by direct current (dc)“. i.3
30、 ETSI EN 300 132-3: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current source or direct current source up to 400 V“. i.4 IEC 60896-21:2004: “Stationary lead-acid batteries; Part 21: V
31、alve regulated types. Methods of test“. i.5 IEC 60950-22: “Information technology equipment Safety; Part 22: Equipment to be installed outdoors“. i.6 BS EN 50272-2: “Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 2: Stationary batteries“. i.7 ETSI TS 102 533: “Environme
32、ntal Engineering (EE) Measurement Methods and limits for Energy Consumption in Broadband Telecommunication Networks Equipment“. i.8 IEC 60950-1: “Radiation monitoring equipment for accident and post-accident conditions in nuclear power plants. Part 1: General requirements“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 530 V1.2
33、.1 (2011-07) 7i.9 ETSI TR 102 532: “Environmental Engineering (EE) The use of alternative energy sources in telecommunication installations“. i.10 ETSI EN 300 132 (all parts): “Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications equipment“. i.11 ETSI TR 102 121:
34、 “Environmental Engineering (EE); Guidance for power distribution to telecommunication and datacom equipment“. i.12 ETSI ES 202 336 (all series): “Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in Te
35、lecommunication Networks)“. i.13 ISO 14001:2004: “Environmental management systems - Specification with guidance for use“. i.14 ISO/TR 14062:2002: “Environmental management - Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development“. i.15 IEC Guide 114 (Ed 1.0, 2005-05): “Environmentall
36、y conscious design - Integrating environmental aspects into design and development of electro technical products“. i.16 ECMA-341 (2nd Edition, December 2004): “Environmental design considerations for electronic products“. i.17 Ericsson (internal report): “Data on Power consumption of telecom systems
37、“. i.18 “Estimating total power consumption by servers in the U.S. and the world“, Jonathan G. Koomey, Ph.D, Staff Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Consulting Professor, Stanford University. Final Report, February 15 2007. i.19 EPA Report on Server and Data Center Energy Efficien
38、cy. On August 2, 2007 and in response to Public Law 109-431. NOTE 1: Available at: http:/www.energystar.gov/ia/products/downloads/Public_Law109-431.pdf) the U.S. EPA ENERGY STAR Program released to Congress a report assessing opportunities for energy efficiency improvements for government and commer
39、cial computer servers and data centers in the United States. NOTE 2: The present document is considered final and therefore, EPA is not taking any additional comments on the report at this time.Energy consumption by consumer Electronics in U.S. Residences. Kur W. Roth operational mode; reach; climat
40、e (including temperature operating condition). 5.4.1 Traffic pattern Traffic pattern and traffic intensity has an impact on energy consumption. The impact varies with the type of telecom system. For POTS and cellular systems, traffic intensity has a substantial impact on power consumption. For fixed
41、 line BB systems like DSL and VDSL, the traffic impact on consumption is negligible if low power modes are not activated, but considerable if low power modes are activated. See examples in clause 5.4.4. 5.4.2 Operational modes and power management Telecom equipment energy consumption varies with the
42、 power management . Power saving modes should be implemented in telecom systems, like L2 and L3 modes in DSLAM equipment and corresponding or standby modes in modem equipment. Corresponding examples on power saving techniques for GSM/UMTS radio equipment are Standby power saving modes like TRX shutd
43、own, HW/SW-triggered PA bias switching. As the subscriber equipment is in active use only a fraction of the time, it is imperative for every standard to make energy saving modes fully operable at low or no traffic periods. It is imperative to have a power management that effectively will activate th
44、e different power saving modes minimizing the power consumption. Traffic models indicating the typical traffic intensity and statistic behaviour over day and week are important tools to calculate the power consumption as a result of the combination of traffic pattern and power management behaviour.
45、When defining the traffic models, the impact of subscription rate as well as impact from different services and use cases should be considered. A common use case is a computer that is always on - even when not in active use. The computer may send “keep alive“ signals periodically. VoIP will be a fut
46、ure common use case, with a requirement for access “to the line“ in 30 min interruptTo dayFigure 5: Example DSLAM operational modes L0-L3 and 24 hour traffic model ONStd ByOFF0hr16hr8hrPrivate 3-play increasing amounts of energy which is expended to simply continue air cooling. Water can conduct muc
47、h more heat than the same volume of air and requires much less energy to move a given volume. The preconception of water cooling methods which directly contact the circuitry (adding a failure risk) has limited its implementation. 6.2.3 Fans Fan technology has improved which allows the energy require
48、ments to be significantly lowered. The common method of adjusting speed is to regulate the power-supply voltage of the fan. If the power-supply voltage is varied using a linear pass device, the efficiency is poor, the saved energy by lower fan speed has become the heat dissipation of the pass device
49、. Better efficiency can be obtained using a switch-mode power supply for the fan, although this increases cost and component count. Electrically commutated (EC) fan technology can be deployed in cooling systems that can reduce the energy cost by approximately 50 %. 6.2.4 Room temperature set-points Guidelines relating to acceptable temperature environments for equipment operation may be too low and result in unnecessary air conditioning. Technical characteristics provided by manufacturers frequently overstate the heat dissi
