1、 ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08)Technical Report Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems;Guidelines for the use of the physical layer standardsETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 2 Reference DTR/SES-00291 Keywords digital, layer 1, radio, satellite ETSI 65
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5、vailable at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. T
6、he copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2007. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks cur
7、rently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Defin
8、itions and abbreviations.6 3.1 Definitions6 3.2 Abbreviations .7 4 SDR Design Guidelines Overview.8 4.1 Overview Outer Physical Layer .9 4.1.1 Overview S-TS Mutliplex/Encapsulation .10 4.1.2 Overview S-TS ID 11 4.1.3 Overview S-TS Type 0 (dummy packet) 11 4.1.4 Overview S-TS Type 1 (transparent stre
9、am) 11 4.1.5 Overview S-TS Type 2 (MPEG-TS stream) .11 4.1.6 Overview S-TS Type 3 (IP stream) 11 4.1.7 Overview FEC 11 4.1.8 Overview Disperser 12 4.1.8.1 Early/Late Profile13 4.1.8.2 Uniform Profile .14 4.1.8.3 Combinational Profile .15 4.1.9 Overview Signaling Pipe 16 4.2 Overview Inner Physical L
10、ayer Single Carrier.16 4.3 Overview Inner Physical Layer Multiple Carrier .16 4.4 Layers above the physical layer .17 5 SDR Design Guidelines Satellite .17 5.1 HEO Based Satellite System 17 5.1.1 HEO system using Single Satellite Source .18 5.1.2 HEO system using Multiple Satellite Source20 5.2 GEO
11、Based Satellite System 20 5.2.1 GEO system using Single Satellite Source .21 5.2.2 GEO system using Multiple Satellite Source21 5.3 Other Satellite Systems 21 6 SDR Design Guidelines Terrestrial21 6.1 Terrestrial Network Topology21 6.1.1 Low Power transmitter topology 21 6.1.2 High Power transmitter
12、 topology21 6.2 Terrestrial network feed .21 6.2.1 Internal signal feed21 6.2.2 External signal feed 22 6.3 SFN synchronization 22 6.3.1 Terrestrial only SFN .22 6.3.2 Hybrid SFN.22 6.4 Non-Hierarchical22 6.4.1 Local Content insertion.22 6.5 Hierarchical 22 6.5.1 SFN local content with satellite mul
13、ticarrier 22 6.5.2 SFN local content with satellite single carrier 23 6.5.3 Individual transmitter local content 23 7 SDR Design Guidelines Hybrid System 23 7.1 Receiver Architecture.23 7.1.1 High performance receiver .23 7.1.2 Low cost receiver24 ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 4 7.1.3 Multi-
14、carrier only with antenna diversity (“selective combining“).24 7.1.4 Multi-carrier only with antenna diversity (“maximum ratio combining“) 24 7.1.5 Hybrid receiver with different antennas for satellite and terrestrial25 7.1.6 Hybrid receiver a common antenna for satellite and terrestrial 25 7.1.7 Hy
15、brid receiver with antenna diversity.26 7.1.8 Conclusion on receiver architectures 26 8 Example Profiles for Hybrid Systems 27 8.1 W Profile for Hybrid Systems (GEO) 27 8.2 O Profile for Hybrid Systems (HEO) .28 History 30 ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs ess
16、ential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potenti
17、ally Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out
18、 by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Sa
19、tellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). ETSI TC SES is producing standards and other deliverables for Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) systems. An SDR system enables broadcast to fixed and mobile receivers through satellites and complementary terrestrial transmitters. Functionalities, architecture an
20、d technologies of such systems are described in TR 102 525 1. Several existing and planned ETSI standards specify parts of the ETSI SDR system, with the aim of interoperable implementations. These parts can be used all together in SDR compliant equipment, or in conjunction with other existing and fu
21、ture specifications. The physical layer of the radio interface (air interface) is divided up into the outer physical layer, the inner physical layer with a single carrier transmission, and the inner physical layer with multiple carriers transmission. It is specified by a set of standards consisting
22、of TS 102 550 2, TS 102 551-1 3 and TS 102 551-2 4. The present document contains guidelines for the use of the ETSI SDR physical layer standards. ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 6 1 Scope The present document concerns the radio interface of ETSI Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) broadcast receive
23、rs. TS 102 550 2, TS 102 551-1 3 and TS 102 551-2 4 specify the physical layer of the radio interface. The present document is a Technical Report (TR) with guidelines for the use of the ETSI SDR physical layer standards. 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following refe
24、rences apply: NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 1 ETSI TR 102 525: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) service; Functionalities, architecture and technologies
25、“. 2 ETSI TS 102 550: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Outer Physical Layer of the Radio Interface “. 3 ETSI TS 102 551-1: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interfac
26、e; Part 1: Single carrier transmission“. 4 ETSI TS 102 551-2: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio (SDR) Systems; Inner Physical Layer of the Radio Interface; Part 2: Multiple Carrier Transmission“. 5 ETSI TR 101 154: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation
27、guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications“. 6 ETSI EN 300 468: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems“. 7 ETSI ETR 289: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Support for u
28、se of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems“. 8 ETSI TS 102 005: “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in DVB services delivered directly over IP protocols“. 9 ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000: “Information technology - Generi
29、c coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems“. 10 ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000: “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video“. 11 ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998: “Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated a
30、udio information - Part 3: Audio“. 12 ISO/IEC 14496-10:2005: “Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 10: Advanced Video Coding“. 13 IETF RFC 3550: “RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the p
31、resent document, the following terms and definitions apply: C band: frequency band between 4 GHz and 8 GHz ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 7 Ku band: frequency band between 12 GHz and 18 GHz L-band: frequency band between 1 GHz and 2 GHz S-band: frequency band between 2 GHz and 4 GHz 3.2 Abbre
32、viations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BER Bit Error Rate CCC Complementary Code Combining CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio C-TS Channel Transport Stream DAB Digital Audio BroadcastdB DecibelsDMB Digital Media Broadcast DVB Digital Video Broadcast Eb/No Energ
33、y per bit / Noise FEC Forward Error Correction FFT Fast Fourier Transform FSS Fixed Satellite Service GEO GEostationary Orbit GPS Global Positioning System HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit HM Hierarchical Modulation HP High Priority (part of HM signal) IP Internet Protocol IPL Inner Physical LayerIU Inte
34、rleaver Units LLR Log Likelihood Ratio LNA Low Noise Amplifier LP Low Priority (part of HM signal) MC Multi-Carrier MC-IPL Multiple Carrier (OFDM) Inner Physical Layer MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group MTU Maximum Transfer Unit OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex OPL Outer Physical Layer PFI
35、W Physical layer FEC Infomation Word PSI Program Specific Information PSK Phase Shift Keying QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RF Radio Frequency RTP Real-time Transport Protocol SC Single carrier SC-IPL Single Carrier Inner Physical Layer SC-TS Service Component
36、 Transport Stream SDR Satellite Digital Radio SFN Single Frequency Network SL Service LayerSL/PL Service Layer to Physical Layer SNR Signal to Noise Ratio S-TS Service Transport Stream UDP User Datagram Protocol ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 8 4 SDR Design Guidelines Overview A typical SDR s
37、ystem (see figure 4.1) is based on an architecture combining one or more satellite broadcasts and, where necessary, complementary terrestrial transmitters to ensure seamless reception for receivers when satellite signal(s) are blocked by obstructions, especially in urban zones. Broadcasting in L Ban
38、d with complementary terrestrial transmitters for shadow zones Data serversStudiosHubstationBroadcasting satelliteComplementary Terrestrial Transmitters Feed Figure 4.1: Typical SDR system architecture The satellite signal(s) employ advanced iterative FEC technology along with time diversity techniq
39、ues to enhance the robustness of signal availability in the mobile environment. These techniques alleviate perceived signal dropage resulting from obstacles momentarily blocking line of sight to the satellite. The resulting user experience provides a consistent quality service in shadowed areas not
40、covered by terrestrial transmitters. The radio and data programs provided by the service provider are gathered by one or more “hub stations“ before being multiplexed and transmitted to Radio Receivers via the satellite(s) path. The Complementary Terrestrial Segment receives and retransmits content s
41、imilar to the satellite signal in urban areas. The signal received by this segment may be for example the satellite signal (e.g. around L-band), a signal transmitted from a geostationary FSS satellite (e.g. in C or Ku band), or a wired T1 connection Terrestrial transmission can use one of two modes.
42、 The first mode using a different carrier frequency and modulation scheme than the satellite transmission. The second mode using the same carrier frequency and modulation as the satellite. The general signal path from the service component creation to the user experience is shown in figure 4.2. ETSI
43、 ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 9 Service Component Layer(SC Layer)Service Layer(Multiplex, etc.) OUTER-PHYINNER-PHYSC-TSC-TSS-TSRF signalService Component Layer(SC Layer)Service Layer(Multiplex, etc.) OUTER-PHYINNER-PHYSC-TSC-TSS-TSRF SignalTransmit Part Receive PartFigure 4.2: Signal path The pr
44、esent document detailed examples for the outer and inner physical layers for different SDR systems. 4.1 Overview Outer Physical Layer The outer phsycial layer provides time division multiplexing of service components along with channel encoding. In addition, the outer physical layer introduces time
45、slicing for handheld power optimization. The channel coding provides flexible advanced FEC and time dispersing options enabling system adjustment for maximum performance and throughput. Figure 4.3 shows the various outer physical layer function. The physical layer output waveform is organized in fix
46、ed SDR OPL packets made up of one or more flexible “pipes“. These smaller “pipes“ can be optimized for overall performance. Examples of various “pipe“ structures will be covered in following clause. The signalling pipe contains all the information that the SDR receiver requires to perform channel de
47、coding of the SDR waveform. The signalling pipe indicates what type of time disperser profile and FEC is associtated with each “pipe“ in the SDR OPL frame. Satellite ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 10Figure 4.3: Outer physical layer function 4.1.1 Overview S-TS Mutliplex/Encapsulation The enca
48、psulation process converts each type of service packet type into a fixed PFIW (physical layer FEC info word). There are 4 possible service types for encapsulation. Each PFIW is 12 282 bits after encapsulation. Table 4.1 shows the frame length for various SDR profiles. The minimum PFIW rate is 12 282
49、 bits / frame_length. Table 4.1: SDR Mode vs. Frame Length Profile IPL-SC-A IPL-SC-A IPL-SC-A IPL-SC-A IPL-SC-B IPL-SC-B Mode 1 1 1 1 2 2 Frame_length (ms) 432 487,42 438,68 432 432 432 Table 4.2 shows the S-TS types. ETSI ETSI TR 102 604 V1.1.1 (2007-08) 11Table 4.2: S-TS Type vs. Payload Size S-TS Type S-TS Type ID S-TS payload packet Size in bytes Suffix length in bits Comment Dummy packet 0 0 26 Used for asynchronous SL/PL interface. Is discarded in receiver. Transparent 1 1 532 26 SL has to decide what to do with this data. MP
