1、 ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); RFID Plugtests to investigate the interoperabilityof tags manufactured by different vendors;Part 1: RFID Plugtests reportETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)2Reference DTR/ERM-TG34-0
2、06-1 Keywords radio, testing, SRD ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual co
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6、pt as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registe
7、red for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normativ
8、e references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 7g33.3 Abbreviations . 7g34 Executive summary 7g35 General . 8g36 Description of tests . 8g36.1 Garment tests 8g36.2 DVD tests . 9g36.3 Portal tests 11g36.4 Conveyor tests 12g
9、37 Discussion 13g38 Conclusions 13g39 Acknowledgements 14g3Annex A: Test equipment 15g3A.1 List of tags 15g3A.2 Antennas . 16g3A.2.1 Checkpoint . 16g3A.2.2 Kathrein Antenna . 17g3A.2.3 MTI Wireless Edge 18g3A.2.4 Scanology . 20g3A.3 Conveyor system 25g3A.4 Motion sensor . 26g3Annex B: DVD test combi
10、nations . 27g3Annex C: Pallet details . 28g3C.1 50 tag pallet 28g3C.1.1 Homogeneous tags . 28g3C.1.2 Mixed tags 29g3C.2 200 tag pallet 30g3C.2.1 Homogeneous tags . 30g3C.2.2 Mixed tags 31g3Annex D: Session flags and “Select“ command 33g3D.1 Handling of “select“ command and session flags . 33g3D.1.1
11、Introduction 33g3D.1.2 Session Flags 33g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)4D.1.3 Selected Flag 33g3D.1.4 Select Command 34g3D.1.5 Use of flags and select commands 34g3Annex E: Photographs of tests 36g3E.1 Pictures of RFID Plugtests . 36g3History 40g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)5Inte
12、llectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rig
13、hts (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including I
14、PR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produc
15、ed by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering RFID Plugtests to investigate the interoperability of tags manufactured by different vendors, as identified below: Part 1: “RFID Plugtest
16、s report“; Part 2: “Test plan and preliminary tests“. Introduction The present document describes an RFID Plugtest that was performed at the MGI centre in Neuss and at the VanDerLande premises in Veghel during the period 11th- 15th June 2008. The purpose of the tests was to investigate if there were
17、 any problems of interoperability when multiple tags manufactured by different vendors were simultaneously present in the same interrogation field. The question had been raised by some members of ERM_TG34 who had observed reduced reading performance when using different tag types on loads containing
18、 multiple items. This had led them to suspect that there may be an incompatibility between different designs of tag built with different ASICs. Since RFID is a global business that is frequently used in open systems, members of ERM_TG34 recognized that any interoperability between tags would be unac
19、ceptable. It was therefore considered necessary to carry out a series of tests at the earliest opportunity to determine whether there were any such problems existed. The tests simulated a number of real life scenarios in which tags manufactured by different vendors might be present simultaneously in
20、 the same interrogation zone. The tests are described in a test plan which was reviewed and approved by members of ERM_TG34 and are available at annex A. In addition, prior to the Plugtests, a practical investigation was made to measure certain characteristics of the ASICs. It was considered that th
21、ese measurements might assist in understanding the reasons for any incompatibility observed during the Plugtests. Three of the four test scenarios were preformed at the MGI centre in Neuss and comprised of the following: Reading tagged items of clothing using a hand-held reader. Reading of stacks of
22、 individually tagged DVDs using shelf antennas. Reading pallets containing multiple tagged items passing through a portal. In addition tests were carried out on a conveyor system at VanDerLande on which items with multiple tags passed reading stations. These tests simulated, for example, airline bag
23、gage fitted with RFID tags or tagged goods moving along a production line. Seven RFID manufacturers took part in the Plugtests. They all participated on the basis that the results of the tests on their equipment would remain confidential. The present document therefore only provides an overall summa
24、ry of the results recorded for each of the tests. In addition all of the participants in the tests had completed the ETSI Non-disclosure Agreement. ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)61 Scope The present document describes an RFID Plugtest that was performed at the MGI centre in Neuss and at the
25、 VanDerLande premises in Veghel during the period 11th - 15th June 2008. The purpose of the tests was to investigate if there were any problems of interoperability when multiple tags manufactured by different vendors were simultaneously present in the same interrogation field. 2 References Reference
26、s are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is
27、 accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Referen
28、ce. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the exp
29、ected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI
30、cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (incl
31、uding any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced docum
32、ent (including any amendments) applies. i.1 ETSI EN 302 208 (all parts): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W“. i.2 ISO 18000-6C: “Information technology - Radio
33、frequency identification for item management - Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz“. i.3 ETSI TR 102 644-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); RFID Plugtests to investigate the interoperability of tags manufactured by different vend
34、ors; Part 2: Test plan and preliminary tests“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)73 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions Void. 3.2 Symbols Void. 3.3 Abbreviations Void. 4 Executive summary These Plugtests were held at the request of members of ERM_TG34 who were concerned at po
35、ssible problems of interoperability between tags manufactured by different vendors. To determine if this was the case, a series of tests, simulating real life scenarios, were defined. The tests were carried out the Metro Innovation Center in Neuss and at VanDerLande in Veghel. Seven manufacturers of
36、 interrogators and two tag vendors participated in the tests. A total of eleven different tag types were tested, which included some RFID baggage labels provided by Air France. Prior to the Plugtests an investigation had been carried out under laboratory conditions to determine if there were any obv
37、ious differences in the behaviour of ASICs (in the tags) that were manufactured by different foundries. Measurements made during this investigation showed that there was a noticeable difference in the behaviour of the session flags, which appeared to be dependent on the foundry that had produced the
38、 ASIC. However it was not clear if the difference would give rise to a reduction in reading performance in normal operation where mixed populations of tags were present. The results from the Plugtests showed that there was no apparent difference in reading performance, due to any interoperability is
39、sues associated with the ASICs, between populations of tags from a single manufacturer and with mixed populations of tags. It was observed that there was a noticeable difference in the sensitivity of different tag types, which directly affects their reading range. In applications where mixed types o
40、f tag might be used, it will be important to specify all tag types correctly to ensure that they are compatible with the system requirements. Two distinctly different types of tag are available for item level tagging. One type is designed to be operated by a conventional radio wave. The other type i
41、s energized by a field that is predominantly magnetic. The antennas designed to read these two tag types are different. In an environment where both tag types are present, care will be necessary during system design to ensure that acceptable reading performance is achieved. Tests on a conveyor demon
42、strated that it is possible to operate satisfactorily in situations where the interval between successive reads of the same tag by different interrogators is less than 2 s. Additional tests showed that using the select command it is possible to read only the “wanted tags“ from a large population of
43、mixed tags. During the Plugtests it became apparent that not all manufacturers had a proper understanding of the features in the ASICs. This applied in particular to the use of the “select“ command and the session flags. The correct use of these features is essential if optimum performance is to be
44、achieved. Guidance on the behaviour of these functions, and how best they should be configured, is provided in an annex to the present document. The outcome from the Plugtests was satisfactory and, based on the samples presented for the tests, showed that there was no incompatibility between differe
45、nt tag and ASIC types. ETSI ETSI TR 102 644-1 V1.1.1 (2008-12)85 General The names of the seven manufacturers of interrogators who participated in the tests were Hoeft & Wessel, Impinj, Kathrein, Nordic ID, Panmobil, Sirit and ThingMagic. In addition 10 different tag types were provided by three lab
46、el manufacturers using ASICS from two different foundries. Further details of the tags are included in annex A. Also a number of airline RFID baggage labels were supplied by Air France. For three of the test scenarios a pre-programmed tag was attached to each of the objects under test. The objects w
47、ere divided into groups with tags assigned by tag type to each group. In addition there was an additional group which comprised items that included tags manufactured by different tag vendors. This made it possible to compare the performance of tags by type against the performance of a mixed populati
48、on of tags. For practical reasons, in the case of the conveyor system, each item had three different tag types attached to it, although it was possible at any time to disable any two of the three tags. The ID number and type of all of the tags were pre-loaded into the IBM server prior to the Plugtes
49、ts. In addition the server contained an application tool that enabled easy manipulation of the recorded results to provide useful information. Each participant recorded each of their results on log files, which were subsequently transferred to the server following each test sequence. The total number of individual records that were logged during the Plugtests exceeded half a million. Prior to each test the participant provided the test supervisor with details of the configuration of his interrogator. The configuration selected was the one considered by the part
