1、 ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10)Technical Report Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ);Quality of Service Implications of NGN ArchitecturesETSI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 2Reference DTR/STQ-00133 Keywords quality, network, terminal, architecture, e-model ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles
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8、SI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Abbreviations . 12g34 Intention . 13g34.1 Overview 13g34.2 Relations . 14g34.2.1 Relation to other STQ
9、workitems . 14g34.2.2 Market impact, benefits to be gained 14g34.2.3 Stakeholders 14g34.2.4 Relation with other SDOs or ETSI TBs 14g34.3 Further impacts . 14g35 Overview of architectural elements in NGN 15g35.1 General . 15g35.2 Non-IMS Access to an NGN 17g35.2.1 Non-IMS Access Device 19g35.2.2 Non-
10、IMS Media Gateway (P-MGW) . 19g35.3 Transit networks . 19g35.3.1 IP based Transit Network . 19g35.3.2 Layer 2 based Transit Network . 20g35.4 Playout Buffer 20g35.5 De-jitter Buffer . 21g35.6 Terminals (user equipment) 22g35.7 Corporate Networks . 22g35.8 Access Networks 22g36 Reference Connections
11、. 23g37 Conclusions from STF 363. 23g38 Gaps identified in Standardization . 24g38.1 Task depending prediction of Interaction Quality as perceived by the User 24g38.2 Detection of Malfunctioning Speech Processing Devices, like Echo Cancellers . 24g38.3 Identification of QoS Compliant VoIP Terminals
12、and gateways by a common identifier . 24g38.4 Dynamic vs. Fixed Delay Allocation . 25g38.5 Distribution of relevant core network QoS parameters 25g38.6 Impact of xDSL (ADSL) bandwidth limitations 26g38.7 Signalling Packet Size Impact 26g38.8 Hypothetical Reference Connections for Delay . 26g38.9 Mot
13、ivation of Customers to Use the Supported High Quality Terminals 27g38.10 NGN Update of E-model Approach in EG 202 057-2 27g38.11 Concept for NGN migration . 27g38.12 Use of Technical Data in User Profiles 28g38.13 Psychological aspects of Telecommunications 28g38.14 Conversational Scenario related
14、Quality 28g38.15 Wideband telephony over xDSL (low rate access lines) 28g38.16 De-Jitter Buffer Strategies 28g38.17 Standardized Interface for VoIP / IMS Terminals 29g38.18 Bundling of n x 64 kbit/s channels . 29g38.19 Perceptual Impact of End-to-End Delay and Delay Variation on Fax-over-IP and Mode
15、m-over-IP . 30g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 48.20 Transmission Requirements for IP-based Home Gateways and Other Media Gateways from a QoS Perspective as perceived by the User . 30g38.21 Revision of TR 102 775 (V1.2.1) . 30g38.22 Non-Tandeming of Speech Processing Devices . 31g39 Regulator
16、y aspects 31g39.1 Universal Service Obligations for xDSL Access 31g39.2 Users perception of End-to-End QoS and the Market . 31g39.3 Minimum R-value (E-model) for IP telephony 31g39.4 Review of existing ETSI Guides used for regulatory purposes 32g3Annex A: Questionnaire: NGN Architectures deployed or
17、 planned . 33g3A.1 Core Network . 34g3A.2 Network Interconnection 34g3A.3 End-to-End Performance Objectives 35g3A.4 Access Networks 36g3A.5 Gateways (edge devices) 36g3A.6 Corporate Networks . 37g3A.7 Terminals 37g3A.8 External Standards 39g3A.9 Traffic characteristics . 39g3A.10 Services other than
18、 real-time voice communication 39g3A.11 Reference Models . 39g3Annex B: Summary of the replies to the questionnaire 43g3B.1 Core Network . 43g3B.2 Network Interconnection 45g3B.3 End-to-End Performance Objectives 46g3B.4 Access Networks 50g3B.5 Gateways (edge devices) 52g3B.6 Corporate Networks . 55
19、g3B.7 Terminals 55g3B.8 External Standards 59g3B.9 Void 59g3B.10 Services other than real-time voice communication 59g3B.11 Reference Models . 61g3Annex C: Critical issues: Number Portability and call routing . 63g3Annex D: Bibliography 65g3History 66g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 5Intellec
20、tual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights
21、(IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR s
22、earches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced b
23、y ETSI Technical Committee Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ). Introduction Quality of Service (QoS) may be loosely defined as a measure of the end-users perception of the ease of use and the accuracy of the facility being provided. QoS has always been an important measure of the perfo
24、rmance of communications networks. In networks where the connectivity is fixed for the duration of particular communication it is relatively easy to define the maximum impairment produced in the individual elements making up the connection, such that their addition would still result in an acceptabl
25、e service being provided. In packet based networks, routing of individual data packets constantly varies. Due to the complexities and random nature of packet routing, any end-user transaction has the possibility of being completed via a very large number of links using varying technologies. This may
26、 result in the possibility of the end-user perception in terms of the distortion, delay, error rate, etc. changing from time to time during a particular transaction. End-to-end error-correcting techniques serve to reduce the perceived problems for data services but the quality of speech connections
27、can be seriously impaired if network performance is not adequately controlled. In de-regulated networks, the overall QoS can be further affected by inferior end-user equipment, something totally outside that network operators control. It has been suggested that some users may be prepared to change t
28、heir communication habits or tolerate some level of impairments in exchange for the benefits of mobility and ubiquity of communications. The purpose of their communication may also have an impact on the users expectations; during a social call they may be more tolerant of impairments than during a b
29、usiness call. It is not easy for network operators to determine the level of impairment users are prepared to accept and there are no longer specific requirements for this in international standards. In any case, the acceptable level is likely to be user and/or task-dependent. Also, delay and distor
30、tion measurements in a laboratory environment may be inappropriate in real-world scenarios involving user-owned equipment. The present document is addressed to network operators, service providers, users, manufacturers and regulators. It considers the end-to-end quality of service implications of pl
31、anned and existing Next Generation Network (NGN) and hybrid technology networks. It is the intention that it will lead to improved standards on end-to-end QoS. This will facilitate the take-up of NGN services by allowing differentiation between NGN and traditional Internet service offerings. The pre
32、sent document may also have an impact on NGN architectural design and related standards. ETSI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 61 Scope The present document considers end-to-end quality of service implications of planned and existing Next Generation Network and hybrid technology network architecture
33、s including mobile architectures. These considerations were performed in two steps: a) Initially a study of real-world architectures has been made based on material declared by network operators. A questionnaire (see Annex A) was prepared that aided the interviews with representatives of network ope
34、rators. Additional material was made available through TISPAN and STQ members. b) An analysis based on the material collected in step a) above was then performed of the network performance (including delay, jitter, packet loss) to be expected for specific access and core architectures, based on decl
35、ared figures or existing standards. Multiple reference connections, based on various access and core architectures and technologies, were designed and their end-to-end performance and QoS characteristics determined and included in a revision of TR 102 775 i.15. Analysis of this part of the work lead
36、s to recommendations on new standards needed and changes required to existing standards. The focus is on voice quality, but other applications have also been considered (e.g. “64 kit/s unrestricted“ applications). 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or
37、edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of
38、the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were vali
39、d at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest editio
40、n of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. ETSI ETSI TR 102 717 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 72.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area
41、. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. i.1 ETSI EN 383 001 (V1.1.1): “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Interworking between Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) an
42、d Bearer Independent Call Control (BICC) Protocol or ISDN User Part (ISUP) ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5, modified“. i.2 ETSI EN 302 097 (2000): “Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Signalling System No.7 (SS7); ISDN User Part (ISUP); Enhancement for support of Number Portability (NP) ITU-T
43、Recommendation Q.769.1 (2000), modified“. i.3 ETSI TR 183 014 (2005-12): “Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); PSTN/ISDN Emulation; Development and Verification of PSTN/ISDN Emulation“. i.4 ETSI ES 282 001: “Telecommunications and Interne
44、t converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); NGN Functional Architecture“. i.5 ETSI ES 202 737: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for narrowband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i
45、.6 ETSI ES 202 738: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for narrowband VoIP loudspeaking and handsfree terminals from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i.7 ETSI ES 202 739: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirement
46、s for wideband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i.8 ETSI ES 202 740: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for wideband VoIP loudspeaking and handsfree terminals from a QoS perspective as perceived by the us
47、er“. i.9 ETSI TS 102 737: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for narrowband wireless terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i.10 ETSI TS 102 738: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requi
48、rements for narrowband wireless terminals (handsfree) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i.11 ETSI TS 102 739: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for wideband wireless terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the
49、user“. i.12 ETSI TS 102 740: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for wideband wireless terminals (handsfree) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user“. i.13 ETSI EN 300 175-8 (V2.2.1): “Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 8: Speech and audio coding and transmission“. i.14 ETSI EN 300 176-2 (V2.1.1): “Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Test specification; Part 2: Audio and speech“. i.15 ETSI TR 102 775: “Speech and multime
