1、 ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);System Reference Document for revised spectrum requirements for RFID equipment and inductive loop systems operating in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 148,5 kHzETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1
2、(2008-10) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-019 Keywords radio, short range, system, LF, testing, SRDoc ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture
3、 de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such version
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6、sp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHO
7、N logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 Intr
8、oduction 5 1 Scope 7 2 References 7 2.1 Normative references .7 2.2 Informative references8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .9 3.1 Definitions9 3.2 Symbols9 3.3 Abbreviations .9 4 Comments on the System Reference Document 10 5 Executive Summary .10 5.1 Background information.10 5.1.1 Genera
9、l remarks10 5.1.2 LF RFIDs in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz.10 5.1.2.1 Significance of the LF RFID technology and markets10 5.1.2.2 Certification problems for SRDs relating to the annex 9 of the ERC/REC 70-03 .11 5.1.3 EAS systems in the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz.11 5.2 Technical information 1
10、2 5.2.1 LF RFIDs in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz.12 5.2.2 EAS systems in the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz12 5.3 Market Information 12 5.3.1 LF RFID in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz 12 5.3.2 EAS systems in the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz13 5.4 Technical issues13 5.4.1 LF RFID in the range of
11、105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz 13 5.4.2 EAS and other systems .13 6 Technical Radio Spectrum requirements and justification.13 6.1 Current regulations.13 6.1.1 LF RFID in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz 13 6.1.2 EAS systems in the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz14 6.2 Proposed Regulation.14 6.2.1 LF RFID in t
12、he range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz 14 6.2.2 EAS systems in the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz14 7 Main conclusions and ETSI actions .14 7.1 LF RFIDs in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz 14 7.2 EAS systems in the frequency range 80 kHz to 90 kHz.15 8 Requested ECC and EC actions .15 Annex A: Detailed ma
13、rket information - Market size, Applications and requirements .16 A.1 LF RFID in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz16 A.2 EAS systems in the frequency range 80 kHz to 90 kHz.16 Annex B: Technical Information18 B.1 LF RFID in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz18 B.1.1 General considerations and Tx
14、mask18 B.2 EAS systems in the frequency range 80 kHz to 90 kHz19 B.2.1 General considerations .19 ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 4 B.2.2 Elements influencing the link budget .19 B.2.2.1 Near-field propagation by loop antenna19 B.2.2.2 Near/Far-field propagation by loop antenna. 20 B.2.2.3 Tra
15、nsponder radiated field 21 B.2.2.4 The ambient noise level 22 B.2.2.5 The resulting link budget 22 Annex C: Expected compatibility issues 23 C.1 Existing allocations 23 C.2 Coexistence and sharing issues 23 C.2.1 LF RFID in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz23 C.2.2 EAS systems in the frequency ran
16、ge 80 kHz to 90 kHz.23 History 25 ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members an
17、d non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org
18、/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essentia
19、l to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic C
20、ommunications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). The present document covers RFID and SRD applications in the LF range of 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz as covered by the ERC/REC 70-03 i.1. Introduction The market for inductive devices and in part
21、icular RFID and Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS systems have grown strong with steady growth in many markets). Especially RFIDs operating in the LF range are essential technologies in daily life and the well functioning of industrial processes. RFIDs e.g. are used in the automotive industry, ac
22、cess control, waste management and animal ID and many other areas. EAS anti-theft systems are the only real protection against theft in shops, mega-stores, supermarkets etc. The market growth for EAS tags has increased due to a more wide open European market including free travel of the European pop
23、ulation. The ERC/REC 70-03 i.1 noted in support of the requested changes: “The pattern of radio use is not static. It is continuously evolving to reflect the many changes that are taking place in the radio environment; particularly in the field of technology. Spectrum allocations must reflect these
24、changes and the position set out in this Recommendation is therefore subject to continuous review.“ It should be noted that the band from 9 kHz to 148,5 kHz is frequently used by active implantable medical implant devices and other SRDs which are also rapidly expanding. The RFID and EAS manufacturer
25、s should take measures to avoid or minimize interference to active medical implants and other SRD devices operating in the same bands. Guidance relative to active implantable medical devices is available in standard ANSI/AAMI PC69 i.17, ISO 14708-3 i.18, and ISO 14708-4 i.19. Given the above develop
26、ments in the market, the present document has been prepared to make proposals which would lead to harmonized European spectrum for these applications. The present document proposes: a) a RFID mask which limits the RFID operation to the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,5 kHz. The emission level is reduced f
27、rom 42 dBA/m to 15 dBA/m below 105,5 kHz. The maximum emission limits of the RFID carriers from 119 kHz to 135 kHz are nearly identical to the annex 9 limits of the ERC/REC 70-03 i.1; ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 6 b) for EAS systems the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz with the same level as the
28、RFID devices. Status of the pre-approval draft The present document was approved by TG28. Target version Pre-approval date version V1.1.1 A s m Date Description V1.1.1 0.0.1 May 7th85 2008 First draft for review and approval in TG28 #20 V1.1.1 0.0.2 May 14th2008 document approved by TG28 for submiss
29、ion to approval in ERM_35 V1.1.1 0.0.3 June 26, 2008 Mini ETSI internal enquiry version V1.1.1 0.0.4 August 8th, 2008 Consideration of comments from MinEA, Medtronic and additional clarifications by the rapporteur V1.1.1 0.0.5 August 20, 2008 Minor editorials done V1.1.1 0.0.6 August 22, 2008 Minor
30、editorials done to match the contents of ERC/REC 70-03 i.1 V1.1.1 0.0.7 August 25, 2008 Clean version with heading style corrected to match ETSI skeleton document guidelines. Document submitted for approval for publication and to CEPT for consideration V1.1.1 0.0.8 Sept. 17th2008 According to the re
31、view during TG28_21, minor clarifications of calculated fieldstrength levels section 5.1.3, 6.2.1 and Annex B were made (Changes are in the order of fractions of a dB ). ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 7 1 Scope The present document describes the status of the RFID and EAS developments in the
32、LF environment and identifies needed amendments to the annex 9 of the ERC/REC 70-03 i.1 as well as in the ETSI generic standard EN 300 330 i.4 (see clause 9). The present document applies to radio systems and specifically inductive SRDs. As presently covered by the ERC/REC 70-03 i.1, annex 9 relatin
33、g to the use of short-range devices. It reviews the present regulations for inductive RFIDs, EAS systems, the related markets and the evolution of the technology in the LF bands. On the other hand changes in the present status of primary services in the LF range are also analysed in view of the prop
34、osed changes. The present document is related to the Commission Decision 2006/771/EC Error! Reference source not found. on the harmonization of the radio spectrum use by short-range devices and the CEPT Report 14 i.2 to the European Commission in response to the second SRD mandate Error! Reference s
35、ource not found. It is proposed to amend these documents accordingly. The present document includes the necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the ECC of the CEPT including: Detailed market information (annex A). Technical information (annex B). Expected compatibility iss
36、ues (annex C). 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and on
37、ly in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be f
38、ound at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far
39、as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were v
40、alid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edi
41、tion of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. ETSI ETSI TR 102 756 V1.1.1 (2008-10) 8 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject
42、area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. i.1 CEPT ERC/REC 70-03 relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD). NOTE: Available at http:/www.ero.dk i.2 CEPT Report 14 (July 2006): “Develop a strategy to improve the effecti
43、veness and flexibility of spectrum “The RFID Revolution: Your voice on the Challenges, Opportunities and Threats“. NOTE: Available at http:/ec.europa.eu/infomation-society/policy/rfid/doc/rfidswp-en.pdf. i.3 Commission Decision 2008/432/EC of 3 May 2008 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation
44、 of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices“. i.4 ETSI EN 300 330 (all parts): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range; 9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 M
45、Hz“. i.5 ISO 14223-2: “Radio Frequency Identification of Animals - Advanced Transponders - Part 2: Code and Command Structure“. i.6 ISO 14223-1: “Radio Frequency Identification of Animals - Advanced Transponders - Part 1: Air interface“. i.7 ISO 18000-2: “Information technology - Radiofrequency iden
46、tification for item management - Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz“. i.8 ISO 11785: “Radio frequency identification of Animals - Technical concept“. i.9 CEN prEN 14803: “Identification and/or determination of the quantity of waste“. i.10 ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538:
47、“Technical and operating parameters and spectrum requirements for short-range radiocommunication devices“. i.11 Directive 1999/5 of the European Parliament and of the Council on radio equipment and telecommunication terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of conformity (R and b) EAS systems in
48、 the range of 80 kHz to 90 kHz. Decision 2008/432/EC, Amendment to the Commission Decision of May 23rd, 2008 2006/771/EC Error! Reference source not found. on harmonization of the radio frequency spectrum for use by short-range devices is recommended. 5.1.2 LF RFIDs in the range of 105,5 kHz to 148,
49、5 kHz 5.1.2.1 Significance of the LF RFID technology and markets Among all RFIDs the LF type present the very first RFID technology. LF RFID has been developed in the early 80s. From 1990 onwards RFIDs were already deployed in high volume in various markets as car immobilizers, livestock, access control, laundry, security and personal identification, ski pass, environmental and waste management, door locks, manufacturing control, parking control and many other applications. This market development is reflecte
