1、 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)Technical Report Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Operation methods and principles for spectrum accesssystems for PMSE technologies and the guarantee of a highsound production quality on selected frequencies utilisingcognitive interferenc
2、e mitigation techniquesETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 2Reference DTR/ERM-TG17WG3-011 Keywords access, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enr
3、egistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in cont
4、ents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the docume
5、nt may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.or
6、g/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UM
7、TSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefi
8、t of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Introduction 6g31 Scope 8g32 References 8g32.1 Normative reference
9、s . 8g32.2 Informative references 8g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Abbreviations . 11g34 Differences between mobile services and Professional Audio Transmission 12g34.1 General remarks . 12g34.2 Comparisons in the operation of PSME against other mobile systems 13g34.3 L
10、atency . 13g34.4 Signalling between mobile and infrastructure equipment 13g34.5 Link reliability 13g34.6 Link quality 14g34.7 Link Robustness . 15g34.8 Radio Resource Management (RRM) 15g34.9 Source Coding and Audio/Speech Compression 15g34.10 Spectral Efficiency . 16g34.10.1 PMSE Calculation 16g34.
11、10.2 Example 16g34.11 Mobility 16g34.12 Interference Scenarios 16g34.13 Training and Channel Sounding . 17g34.14 Encryption 17g34.15 Coverage area . 17g34.16 Power Consumption on Mobile Device 17g34.17 Characteristics of Wi-Fi versus PMSE and other mobile systems . 17g35 Frequency Bands in considera
12、tion . 18g35.1 Overview 18g35.1.1 Narrow audio: 29,7 MHz to 47 MHz 18g35.1.2 VHF: 174 MHz to 216 MHz . 18g35.1.3 UHF: 470 MHz to 862 MHz . 18g35.1.4 Duplex Guard band: 821 MHz to 832 MHz . 19g35.1.5 863 MHz to 865 MHz . 19g35.1.6 L-Band 19g35.1.6.1 L-Band part 1: 1 452 MHz to 1 477 MHz (1 479,5 MHz)
13、 19g35.1.6.2 L-Band part 2: 1 492 MHz to 1 518 MHz . 19g35.1.6.3 L-Band part 3: 1 518 MHz to 1 559 MHz . 19g35.1.7 1,8 GHz: 1 785 MHz to 1 800 MHz . 19g35.1.8 ISM-band: 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz . 19g35.2 Technical characteristics of specific frequency bands 20g36. Cognitive Technologies 20g36.1 Definitio
14、n of Cognitive Communication System . 20g36.2 Functional Architecture of a Cognitive Radio 22g36.3 Cognitive Technologies 23g36.3.1 Technologies for making observations . 23g36.3.1.1 Spectrum Sensing and Classification 23g36.3.1.1.1 Energy Detection . 23g36.3.1.1.2 Feature Detection. 24g3ETSI ETSI T
15、R 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 46.3.1.1.3 Limitations and Challenges . 24g36.3.1.2 Radio Environment Map . 26g36.3.1.3 Localization . 27g36.3.1.3.1 Expected performance of indoor geolocation technologies . 27g36.3.1.4 Cognitive Pilot Channel 28g36.3.1.4.1 Information transmitted in the CPC . 28g36.3.1.4
16、.2 Operation modes 28g36.3.1.4.3 Delivery modes 28g36.3.1.4.4 Benefits of CPC . 29g36.3.1.4.5 Drawbacks of CPC 29g36.3.2 Technologies for making Actions: Radio Resource Management (RRM) . 29g36.3.2.1 Dynamic Frequency Allocation (DFA) . 29g36.3.2.2 Bandwidth Scalability . 30g36.3.2.3 Dynamic Power C
17、ontrol (DPC) 30g36.3.2.4 Pre-emption - Priority Management 30g37 Cognitive PMSE System (C-PMSE System) . 30g37.1 Definition C-PMSE 30g37.1.1 Observe . 32g37.1.2 Understand 32g37.1.3 Predict . 32g37.1.4 Decide . 32g37.1.5 Act 33g37.2 C-PMSE System Architecture 33g37.3 Description of Functional Elemen
18、ts . 34g37.3.1 Radio Resource Manager (RRM) . 34g37.3.2 Service Level Entry (SLE) 35g37.3.3 Service Level Monitor (SLM) 35g37.3.4 Cognitive Engine (CEN) . 35g37.3.5 Performance Monitor (PMO) 35g37.3.6 Scanning Receiver (SCR) . 36g37.3.7 Frequency Coordinator (FCO) 36g37.4 Interfaces/Protocols 36g37.
19、4.1 Frequency Coordination Interface (fci) . 37g37.4.1.1 Information provided from FCO . 37g37.4.1.2 Information provided to the FCO 37g37.4.1.3 Other organizational aspects / open issues 37g37.4.2 Inter cognitive PMSE Interface (cpi) 37g37.4.3 Scanning Receiver Interface (sci) . 37g38 C-PMSE Scenar
20、ios and Use Cases . 38g38.1 Introduction 38g38.2 Usage Scenarios . 39g38.2.1 The static scenario 39g38.2.1.1 The state of the art use case . 39g38.2.1.2 The extended use case . 41g38.2.2 The dynamic scenario . 43g39 Hierarchical Database for Spectrum Management . 47g39.1 The Current State of the Art
21、 . 48g39.2 Structure and Architecture Proposal . 48g39.3 Database Security and Access Methods . 49g39.4 Database Update and Spectrum Lease 49g39.5 Database Legacy Support . 49g39.6 Database Content 49g39.7 Location Accuracy Parameter 50g310 RF parameters of PMSE Audio services and quality service le
22、vels . 51g311 Conclusions and Recommendations . 51g311.1 Hidden Node Problem / “Ask Before Talk“ . 51g311.2 Intermodulation 51g311.3 Interference Power . 52g311.4 Compatibility of cognitive devices in the 470 MHz to 862 MHz band 52g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 511.5 Interference by CDs 52g
23、311.6 Propagation and Interference characteristics 52g311.7 QoS Monitoring 52g311.8 Spectral efficiency 52g311.9 Radio Resource Management . 53g311.10 Hierarchical Database . 53g311.11 Geolocation accuracy . 53g311.12 Database security 53g3Annex A: Bibliography 54g3History 55g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V
24、1.1.1 (2010-06) 6Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Inte
25、llectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no inves
26、tigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report
27、 (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). A future ETSI Technical Specification on the recommended spectrum access technique in the present document is planned as well as tests on a demonstrator built to the specifications in
28、the TS. An ETSI Technical Report on the defined RF compliance tests carried out on the demonstrator for the selected spectrum access mechanism defined in the TS is planned to be prepared. Please note that although the technology demonstrator will concentrate on one particular application, the techno
29、logy will ultimately be transferable to other PMSE applications. Introduction Radio microphone devices use 100 % duty cycle to convey voice or music either for a live event such as concerts and theatres or for a recorded event such as the production of film and television programs. Interference duri
30、ng this process is not only commercially disastrous; it can be also harmful to the audience where a public address system is in use. The regulations governing the operation of PMSE (Program Making and Special Events) systems are currently in flux in Europe. During the process of changeover compressi
31、on of the television channels is taking place below 790 MHz. The spectrum between 790 MHz and 862 MHz has been considered a Digital Dividend and allocated for use by Electronic Communications Networks. This has resulted in a reduction of spectrum available for PSME. Protection PMSE devices use very
32、low radiated power levels (the maximum PWMS RF power level is 50 mW) in comparison to most other radio communication systems. In order for them to function properly, they are protected from interference. Up to now this has not been a problem since PMSE equipment operated in locally unused TV channel
33、s that presented a very predictable RF environment. In the future, many different kinds of new devices, the characteristics of which are difficult to fully anticipate at this time, may be sharing this space. Some of these devices will be used for broadband data, and will occupy any spectrum which is
34、 available to them, i.e. from a few MHz to a multiple of 10 MHz. Other uses of the Digital Dividend, which may eventually go down to 600 MHz, are use by the emergency services and other mobile services. The question of how to protect PMSE equipment from interference caused by new devices has been th
35、e subject of much discussion and debate. Traditionally, incompatible radio communications systems were assigned to operate in separate frequency bands, but this scheme is becoming impractical in todays world of intensive spectrum use. A more dynamic and robust solution is needed. ETSI ETSI TR 102 79
36、9 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 7Spectrum efficiency Including cognitive techniques into a PMSE system has a high potential for increasing spectrum efficiency. It has to be investigated which cognitive techniques are suitable and how they need to be modified to serve the needs of the PMSE system. Flexibility of
37、spectrum access Including cognitive techniques into a PMSE system has a high potential for increasing the flexibility of spectrum access. It has to be investigated which cognitive techniques are suitable and how they need to be modified to serve the PMSE systems needs. ETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2
38、010-06) 81 Scope The present document analyses the various possible techniques for spectrum access systems for PMSE technologies and for the guarantee of a high sound production quality on selected frequencies utilising cognitive interference mitigation techniques and recommends a specific method. 2
39、 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applie
40、s. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative refe
41、rences The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subjec
42、t area. i.1 ETSI TR 102 683 (V1.1.1): “Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)“. i.2 Li, Y., Quang, T. T., Kawahara, Y., Asami, T., and Kusunoki, M. 2009. Building a spectrum map for future cognitive radio technology. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on Cognitive Rad
43、io Networks (Beijing, China, September 21 - 21, 2009). CoRoNet 09. ACM, New York, NY, 1-6. i.3 WiMAX Forum Spectrum and Regulatory Database. NOTE: http:/www.wimaxforum.org/resources/wimax-forum-spectrum-and-regulatory-database i.4 TEDDI database. NOTE: http:/webapp.etsi.org/Teddi/ i.5 ETSI EN 300 42
44、2 (V1.3.2): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range“. i.6 ETSI TR 102 546 (V1.1.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical characteristics for Professional Wireless Microphone Sys
45、tems (PWMS); System Reference Document“. i.7 ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2009): “Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD) PWMS: Annex 10 + Annex 13“. i.8 CEPT Report 30: “Technical identification of common and minimal (least restrictive) technical conditions for 790 - 862 MHz for the digital d
46、ividend in the European Union“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06) 9i.9 CEPT Report 32: “Recommendation on the best approach to ensure the continuation of existing Program Making and Special Events (PMSE) services operating in the UHF (470-862 MHz), including the assessment of the advantage of an
47、 EU-level approach“. i.10 ETSI EN 300 726 (V7.0.2): “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech transcoding (GSM 06.60 version 7.0.2 Release 1998)“. i.11 Draft ECC Report 147: “Additional compatibility studies relating to PWMS in the band 1518-1559 M
48、Hz excluding the band 1544-1545 MHz“. i.12 OET Report, FCC/OET 08-TR-1005: “Evaluation of the Performance of Prototype TV-Band White Space Devices Phase II“. i.13 ETSI TR 102 802: “Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Radio System Concept“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations Further definition
49、s can be found on Terms and Definitions Interactive Database (TEDDI) i.4. 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC): protocol that sets modulation and coding parameters depending on channel state Ask Before Talk (ABT): spectrum access protocol requiring a cognitive radio device to consult a local database, frequency coordinator or other authority before starting transmission Cognitive PMSE system (C-PMSE): PMSE system, which includes a Cognitive Engi
