1、 ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04)Technical Report Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);Business and Cost considerations ofSoftware Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR) inthe Public Safety domainETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 2Reference DTR/RRS-04007 Keywords radio, safety ETSI 650 Route
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6、right and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a
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8、sociation. ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g34 Relevant in
9、put from other organizations 9g34.1 Organizations . 9g34.1.1 ETSI TETRA 9g34.1.2 PSCE Public Safety Communication Europe (NARTUS) 9g34.1.3 Wireless Innovation Forum 10g34.2 Projects . 10g34.2.1 EULER project . 10g35 Requirements and evolution paths for the Public Safety domain . 10g35.1 Introduction
10、 10g35.2 Public Safety requirements . 12g35.3 Potential evolution paths for Public Safety communications . 13g36 Reconfigurability benefits and trade-offs . 16g37 Business and cost considerations for SDR in Public Safety . 27g37.1 Introduction 27g37.2 SDR architectures and main components . 27g37.3
11、Cost implications and trade-offs for SDR components 28g38 Business and cost considerations for CR in Public Safety . 30g38.1 Introduction 30g38.2 Economical benefits and trade-offs of CR . 31g39 Lifecycle and Deployment aspects . 32g39.1 Equipment lifecycle 32g39.2 Deployment considerations 32g39.3
12、Certification considerations 33g310 Business models for RRS technologies in Public Safety domain 33g310.1 Vertical business model 33g310.2 Open business model 33g311 Conclusions 34g3History 35g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 4Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essentia
13、l to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified
14、to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be
15、given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RR
16、S). Introduction The present document provides a study of the business and cost considerations for the deployment of Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio technologies (i.e. RRS technologies) in the Public Safety domain. While RRS technologies can provide significant benefits and improve the op
17、erational capabilities of public safety organizations, their implementation and deployment may be heavily dependent on cost trade-offs. Business and cost considerations are common to all telecommunications markets, but there are significant differences between public safety domain and the commercial
18、 domain. One difference is that funding for Public Safety organizations is usually decided at political/government level and budget for new radio equipment may be limited or approved in specific timeframes. Another difference is that radio equipment used by Public Safety organizations has usually a
19、longer lifecycle than a commercial domain. It is not uncommon the deployment of dedicated networks for 10-15 years of service. The different operational requirements for security, availability and reliability have also a considerable impact on the cost of communication equipment. All these considera
20、tions may drive the evolution of communication technology in the Public Safety domain. The present document describes the business and cost drivers, the potential evolution paths, the main specific features of the Public Safety radio equipment and the potential economical benefits of RRS technologie
21、s. ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 51 Scope The current trend in Public safety communications today are characterized by a patchwork of separate, sometimes incompatible systems (e.g. TETRA and TETRAPOL) with widely varying capabilities in communicating between and amongst systems and user radi
22、os. Another key challenge is the lack of broadband connectivity to support the operational capabilities of Public Safety responders. Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR). technologies, here collectively described as RRS technologies can be a key component to improve the interoperabi
23、lity and to increase the flexibility and ability to public safety communications. The scope of the present document is to investigate the business and cost considerations in the application of SDR and CR to the Public Safety domain. In particular the present document presents: the impact of SDR/CR t
24、echnologies on the lifecycle cost model for public safety communication equipment. identification of the benefits or disadvantages of SDR/CR technologies, from an economical point of view, in comparison to conventional (but already digital) communication systems. definition of a business model able
25、to develop the capabilities offered by SDR/CR adoption and to lower the life cycle costs associated with SDR/CR introduction. Definition of a cost model for SDR/CR technologies in Public Safety. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or v
26、ersion number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be
27、found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. No
28、t applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Public Safety Radio System Cost Model. SDRF-09-P-0001-V1.0.0. Wireless Innovation Forum (ex
29、 SDR Forum). Approved 21 April 2009. NOTE: Available at http:/www.wirelessinnovation.org. Last accessed 21/01/2011. i.2 “TETRA versus GSM for Public Safety“. NOTE: Available in the reports section in http:/www.tetra- i.3 ETSI TR 102 745: “Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); User Requirements for Pub
30、lic Safety“. i.4 ETSI TR 102 680: “Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); SDR Reference Architecture for Mobile Device“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 6i.5 ETSI TR 102 021 (parts 1 to 8): “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), User Requirement Specification TETRA Release 2“. i.6 Report for the TET
31、RA association from Analysis Mason. Public Safety mobile broadband and spectrum needs. Final Report 8 March 2010. 16395-94. i.7 Cognitive Radio Technology: A Study for Ofcom. Final Report, by QinetiQ LTD, Multiple Access Communication Limited, University of Surrey, University of Strathclyde, and Red
32、-M., dated February 12, 2007. i.8 D3.13: “Market issues study“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.psc-europe.eu in the library section. Last accessed 21/01/2011. i.9 ECC Decision (08)05 on the harmonisation of frequency bands for the implementation of digital Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)
33、radio applications in bands within the 380-470 MHz range. i.10 ECC Recommendation (08)04 on the identification of frequency bands for the implementation of Broad Band Disaster Relief (BBDR) radio applications in the 5 GHz frequency range. i.11 Jon M. Peha, “Sharing Spectrum through Spectrum Policy R
34、eform and Cognitive Radio,“ Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 97, Number 4, pp. 708-719, April 2009. i.12 ETSI TS 102 181 (V1.2.1): “Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communication between authorities/organisations during emergencies“. i.13 WINTSEC, D2.2: System Architecture for Inter
35、operability - Core Network Layer, Roadmap for Subsystem Integration. i.14 D2.1: “Report on ICT Research and Technology Development status for public safety“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.psc-europe.eu in the library section. Last accessed 21/01/2011. i.15 ETSI EN 300 392-1 (V1.4.1): “Terrestrial Tru
36、nked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 1: General network design“. i.16 ETSI TR 101 448 (V1.1.1): “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Functional requirements for the TETRA ISI derived from Three-Country Pilot Scenarios“. i.17 “TETRA and the Inter System Interface (ISI)“, white paper by TETR
37、A Association, August 2010. NOTE: Available at http:/ in Library/Reports. The white paper describes the status of TETRA interoperability and the Inter System Interface (ISI). 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions
38、 apply: Cognitive Radio (CR): radio, which has the following capabilities: to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage patterns and users needs; to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to thi
39、s knowledge; in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. more efficient utilization of spectrum; and to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance. ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 7Cognitive Radio System (CRS): radio system, which has the following ca
40、pabilities: to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage patterns and users needs; to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. mor
41、e efficient utilization of spectrum; and to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance. NOTE 1: Radio operational environment encompasses radio and geographical environments, and internal states of the Cognitive Radio System. NOTE 2: To obtain knowledge encompa
42、sses, for instance, by sensing the spectrum, by using knowledge data base, by user collaboration, or by broadcasting and receiving of control information. NOTE 3: Cognitive Radio System comprises a set of entities able to communicate with each other (e.g. network and terminal entities and management
43、 entities). NOTE 4: Radio system is typically designed to use certain radio frequency band(s) and it includes agreed schemes for multiple access, modulation, channel and data coding as well as control protocols for all radio layers needed to maintain user data links between adjacent radio devices. p
44、ublic safety organization: organization which is responsible for the prevention and protection from events that could endanger the safety of the general public NOTE: Such events could be natural or man-made. Example of Public Safety organizations are police, fire-fighters and others. radio technolog
45、y: technology for wireless transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation for information transfer RRS network node: wireless communication terminal or base station which has cognitive radio capabilities or which is based on software defined radio concepts non-RRS network node: wireless
46、communication terminal or base station, which does not have cognitive radio capabilities or is not based on software defined radio concepts EXAMPLE: A non-RRS network node is a conventional wireless communications systems based on TETRA standard version 1. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the p
47、resent document, the following abbreviations apply: A/D Analog Digital AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter APCO Association of Public Safety Communications Officials, International, Inc API Application Programming Interfaces BBDR Broad Band Disaster Relie
48、f BS Base Station CAP Common Alerting Protocol CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration COMSEC Communication Security CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture CR Cognitive Radio D/A Digital AnalogDAC Digital-to-Analog Converter DDC Data Download Control DEC DEC
49、oder DMO Direct Mode of Operation DQPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DSP Digital Signal Processor ETSI ETSI TR 103 064 V1.1.1 (2011-04) 8DUC DLC User Connection ECC Electronic Communication Committee ENB Equivalent Noise Bandwidth FCC Federal Communication Commission FM Frequency Modulation FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array GPRS General Package/Packet Radio Service GPU Graphics Processing Unit GSM Global System for Mobile communi
