1、 ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Technical Report on antenna performance characterization for GSO mobile applications TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 2 Reference DTR/SES-00361 Keywords antenna, GSO, mobile, performance, satellite ET
2、SI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http
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7、ation of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE ar
8、e Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs termin
9、ology 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Abbreviations . 7g34 General concepts 8g35 Antenna Technologies for Mobile Platforms . 9g35.1 Mechanically Steered, Fixed Aperture . 9g35.1.1 Define the antenna 9g35.1.2 Define the motivation of the spe
10、cial shape/characteristic . 10g35.1.3 Describe the specific non conformant issues 10g35.2 Hybrid Steering, Variable Aperture 16g35.2.1 Define the antenna 16g35.2.2 Define the motivation of the special shape/characteristic . 17g35.2.3 Describe the specific non conformant issue 18g35.3 Electrically St
11、eered, Variable Aperture 22g35.3.1 Define the antenna 22g35.3.2 Define the motivation of the special shape/characteristic . 23g35.3.3 Describe the specific non conformant issues 23g35.4 Conclusion 30g36 Analysis Methods Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI st
12、andards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
13、 referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). Modal verbs terminology In the
14、present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI delivera
15、bles except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 5 1 Scope The present document provides a characterization of antenna performances for earth stations on mobile platforms. It identifies the technologies and antenna types used in such systems, which may not have the sam
16、e performance characteristics considered when developing the existing ETSI standards for VSATs. Antennas used on mobile platforms are typically smaller and have radiation patterns that may have variable symmetry and/or variable geographic skew angles toward the satellite. These types of antennas are
17、 typically used in low profile antennas or other special applications. Their radiating patterns may show non-conformances with regard to the ETSI off-axis EIRP density mask. The present document proposes a method to cope with this non-conformances issue, called the “non-conformance-area“ (NCA) metho
18、d. The method relies on a geometrical mathematical object, called a NCA, defined as follows: A “non-conformance-area“ (NCA) is an area of preferably simple geometric shape defined on the antenna radiating pattern that identifies the set of directions where the ETSI mask is exceeded, associated with
19、an indicative level of severity in the perspective of a further interference analysis. As far as 3D geometry in space is concerned, the NCA method is an extension of the ETSI TR 102 375 i.6 report that “provides guidelines for determining the parts of the satellite earth station antenna radiation pa
20、tterns concerned by the geostationary satellite orbit protection“. The rationale underlying the NCA method is: 1) As long as there is no victim system in the directions of a NCA, there is no possible harmful interference occurrence for that directions. 2) When a victim system happens to be in the di
21、rections of a NCA, a possible interference event occurs in the scope of a non-conformance to the ETSI mask. This event is called a “hit“. 3) A coarse level of severity is associated by analysis to each “hit“. 4) Statistics are performed about the occurences of “hits“ during operations, providing wit
22、h a comprehensive assessment of the hit occurences issue. The NCA method may support a rationale as suggested by FCC 47 CFR 25.138 (b) i.1 as stated hereafter: “(b) Each applicant for earth station license(s) that proposes levels in excess of those defined in paragraph (a) of this section shall subm
23、it link budget analyses of the operations proposed along with a detailed written explanation of how each uplink and each transmitted satellite carrier density figure is derived. Applicants shall also submit a narrative summary which must indicate whether there are margin shortfalls in any of the cur
24、rent baseline services as a result of the addition of the applicants higher power service, and if so, how the applicant intends to resolve those margin short falls. Applicants shall certify that all potentially affected parties (i.e. those GSO FSS satellite networks that are 2, 4, and 6 apart) ackno
25、wledge and do not object to the use of the applicants higher power densities.“ The NCA method may also support a rationale as suggested by FCC 47 CFR 25.227 (b)(2) i.2. ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 6 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of
26、 publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly avail
27、able in the expected location might be found at https:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the pre
28、sent document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the refere
29、nced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist
30、 the user with regard to a particular subject area. Ka band i.1 FCC 47 CFR 25.138: “Blanket Licensing provision of GSO FSS Earth Station in the 19.3-18.8 GHz (space-to-Earth), 19.7-20.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 28.35-28.6 (Earth-to-Space) 28.35-28.6 GHz (Earth-to-Space), and 29.25-30.0 GHz (Earth-to-Sp
31、ace) bands“. Ku band i.2 FCC ESAAS 47 CFR 25.227: “Blanket licensing provisions for Earth Stations Aboard Aircraft (ESAAs) receiving in the 10.95-11.2 GHz (space-to-Earth), 11.45-11.7 GHz (space-to-Earth), and 11.7-12.2 GHz (space-to-Earth) frequency bands and transmitting in the 14.0-14.5 GHz (Eart
32、h-to-space) frequency band, operating with Geostationary Satellites in the Fixed-Satellite Service“. ITU i.3 Recommendation ITU-R S.524-9: “Maximum persissible levels of off-axis e.i.r.p density from earth station in geostationary-satellite orbit networks operating in the fixed-satellite service tra
33、nsmitting in the 6 Hz, 13 GHz, 14 GHz, and 30 GHz frequency bands“. i.4 ITU Radio Regulations. NOTE: Available at https:/www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR. ARINC i.5 ARINC 791 Mark 1 Aviation Ku-band and Ka-band satellite communication system Part 1 and Part 2. ETSI i.6 ETSI TR 102 375: “Satellite Earth Stat
34、ions and Systems (SES); Guidelines for determining the parts of satellite earth station antenna radiation patterns concerned by the geostationary satellite orbit protection“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 7 i.7 ETSI EN 302 186: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard
35、 for satellite mobile Aircraft Earth Stations (AESs) operating in the 11/12/14 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU“. i.8 ETSI EN 303 978: “Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonised Standard for Earth Stations on Mobile Platf
36、orms (ESOMP) transmitting towards satellites in geostationary orbit, operating in the 27,5 GHz to 30,0 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU“. ECC Report i.9 ECC Report 184: “The Use of Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms Operating with GSO
37、 Satellite Networks in the Frequency Ranges 17.3-20.2 GHz and 27.5-30.0 GHz“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/ECCRep184.pdf. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: 1D 1 Direction (phased array) or 1 Dimension (gra
38、ph) 2D 2 Directions (phased array) or 2 Dimensions (graph) 3D 3 Dimensions (graph) AES Aircraft Earth Station ARINC Aeronautical Radio INCorporated. CFR Code of Federal Regulations ECC Electronic Communications Committee EIPR Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated
39、Power EN European Standard ESAAS Earth Stations Aboard Aircraft Escan Electric scan ESOMP Earth Stations on Mobile Platforms ESV Earth Stations on Vessels ES-VA Electric Steered Variable Aperture ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institut FCC Federal Communications Commissions FSS Fixed-Sat
40、ellite ServiceGSO Geostationnary Satellite Orbit HS-VA Hybrid Steered Variable Aperture IMU Inertial Measurment Unit IPR Intellectual Property Right ITU International Telecommuncation Union ITU-R International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications sector LEO Low Earth Orbit LMES Land Mobile
41、 satellite Earth Stations LOS Line Of Sight MEO Medium-Earth Orbit MS-FA Mechanically Steered Fixed Aperture MS-VA Mechanically Steered Variable Aperture NCA Non Conformance Area (method) NGSO Non-Geostationnary Satellite Orbit PFD Power Flux Density RMS Root Mean Square VMES Vehicle-Mounted Earth S
42、tations ETSI ETSI TR 103 233 V1.1.1 (2016-04) 8 4 General concepts Fore the purpose of the present document, the satcom antenna technologies for Mobile Platforms are partitioned as follows: 1) The radiating panel generates a fixed beam, typically in the boresigth direction of its radiating surface.
43、It is mechanically aimed toward the satellite. For the purpose of the present document, this antenna type is called MS-FA for Mechanically Steered - Fixed Aperture. 2) The radiating panel has an electric beam steering capacity either 1D or 2D (for 1 and 2 Directions) from its boresight. In case of a
44、 partial electric beam steering (a complementary mechanical beam steering is implemented), the antenna type is called HS-VA for Hybrid Steered - Variable Aperture. 3) The radiating panel has an electric beam steering capacity either 1D or 2D (for 1 and 2 Directions). In case of full electric beam st
45、eering (no complementary mechanical beam steering is required), the antenna is called ES-VA for Electric Steered -Variable Aperture. For ease of understanding, each antenna type is matched to a particular antenna technology: 1) Mechanically Steered Fixed Aperture (MS-FA): a rectangular radiating pan
46、el mounted on a mechanical Elevation over Azimuth positioner. The antenna is housed under a “low profile“ radome mounted flat on the platform body (for instance the fuselage of an aircraft). 2) Hybrid Steered Variable Aperture (HS-VA): a MS-FA antenna where the antenna radiating panel performs an el
47、ectric cross-elevation axis. The overall physical shape is kept unchanged with regard to MS-FA type. The antenna is housed the under a “low profile“ radome the same way. 3) Electric Steered Variable Aperture: a thin radiating panel mounted flat on the platforms body (for instance the aircraft fusela
48、ge), and performing a 2D electric beam-steering from its boresight. It is sometimes referred to as a conformal antenna. The rationale linking the antenna types to the antenna technologies is: 1) Only asymmetrical (e.g. “low profile“) antennas are considered in the scope of this study. Hence, the cro
49、ss-elevation axis, if any, is bound to be electric. A mechanical cross-elevation axis rotation has its range limited by the radiating panel bumping into the radome and into its floor. 2) If the elevation axis is mechanical, the antenna type is either MS-FA or HS-VA depending on the existence of one cross-elevation axis or not. 3) If the elevation axis is electric, the antenna type is either MS-FA (if the radiating panel surface is typically inclined from the platform horizontal around 45) or ES-VA (if the radiating panel is mounted flat/hori
