1、 ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution (TCCE); Study into the provision of speech services over QAM channels TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 2 Reference DTR/TCCE-04183 Keywords radio, TETRA, V+D ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia
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7、going restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the
8、benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Introduction 4g31 Scope 5g32 Ref
9、erences 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 5g33.1 Definitions 5g33.2 Abbreviations . 5g34 Services for speech in QAM channels 6g34.1 Purpose . 6g34.2 Services 7g35 Principles of the studied solution . 7g36 Mechanisms 8g36.1 General . 8g36
10、.2 Channel allocation 8g36.2.1 Existing TETRA mechanisms. 8g36.2.2 Potential mechanisms . 8g36.3 Independent uplink . 9g36.4 Slot granting . 9g36.5 Repetitive reception 10g36.6 Access assignment 10g36.7 MAC traffic format 10g37 Protocol revisions . 10g37.1 General . 10g37.2 Channel allocation 11g37.
11、3 Independent uplink information . 11g37.4 Slot granting . 11g37.5 Repetitive reception 12g37.6 Speech/media traffic encapsulation 13g3Annex A: PDU and element tables 14g3A.1 General . 14g3A.2 Channel allocation 14g3A.3 Independent uplink information element 17g3A.4 Slot granting . 18g3A.5 Repetitiv
12、e reception 20g3A.6 MAC traffic format 21g3A.6.1 Downlink 21g3A.6.2 Uplink . 22g3A.6.3 TM SDU-Q . 23g3History 25g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information perta
13、ining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secreta
14、riat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on
15、the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution (TCCE). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “
16、may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction The prese
17、nt document contains the results a study by ETSI TC TCCE WG4 into the extension of QAM channels in TETRA to carry speech in a native manner. The reason for such a study was to investigate a further evolution of TETRA to improve its capabilities and take advantage of more flexible use of capacity and
18、 range/sensitivity of the TEDS QAM channels. Such a solution would allow closer integration of voice and data to improve site channel efficiency. The advantages that were foreseen in undertaking the study are as follows: a) To provide more flexibility for system designers, allowing the use of lower
19、rate modulation schemes to obtain improved ranges, or higher rate modulation schemes to provide more capacity from a base station. b) To allow the use of increased bit rate per spectrum bandwidth of higher modulation schemes to allow more calls within a given bandwidth from a single site, provided t
20、hat the altered carrier to interference radio is managed. c) To improve efficiency by allowing speech and data calls to be carried on the same carrier, with each timeslot being allocated to speech or data payload on a slot by slot basis on uplink and downlink. NOTE: This does not imply that channel
21、allocation for voice calls needs to be sent or changed on a slot by slot basis. d) To allow simultaneous speech and packet data by sending both together in the same timeslot, or by more flexible management of timeslots. e) To improve support for end to end encrypted speech, and also to enable the us
22、e of alternative codecs, by taking advantage of increased bandwidths for speech calls. This study is the result of deliberations in TCCE WG4, and represents the concepts and ideas discussed up to the time of publication which could be the basis of further work, which in turn could lead to change req
23、uests to i.1 to introduce this functionality. However further work would be required to determine solutions to standardizing this functionality, and the standardization process could diverge from the concepts presented in the present document. ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 5 1 Scope The pres
24、ent document contains the results of a study into the extension of QAM channels in TETRA to carry speech in a native manner. The areas where change can be foreseen to the TETRA standard i.1 to date in order to add this functionality are described at a high level. NOTE: The present document is not su
25、fficient to enable change requests to be generated against i.1, and further standardization work would be needed to arrive at a solution. A standardized solution could differ from the concepts presented in the present document. The main body of the present document describes the requirements that ar
26、e satisfied and the mechanisms envisaged within this study that could fulfil this extension of TETRA. Annex A presents some possible modifications which could be needed for PDUs and information elements specified in i.1 and Annex B refers to i.1 on a clause by clause basis to indicate which clauses
27、could require changes in order to implement these mechanisms. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) o
28、r non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their
29、 long term validity. The following referenced document is not necessary for the application of the present document but it assists the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 300 392-2/TS 100 392-2 (latest version of either applies): “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus
30、Data (V+D); Part 2: Air Interface (AI)“. i.2 ETSI EN 300 392-7: “Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 7: Security“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in i.1 and the following apply: U-pl
31、ane: plane for user traffic signalling TM-SDU: SDU from the layer above MAC (i.e. LLC) 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACELP Algebraic Code-Excited Linear Prediction BS Base Station ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 6 CCH Control CHa
32、nnel CLCH Common Linearization CHannel CMCE Circuit Mode Control Entity codec Coder-decoder D8PSK Differential 8 Phase Shift Keying DL DownLink DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DTX Discontinuous Transmission IP Internet ProtocolLLC Logical Link Control MAC Medium Access Control MCCH
33、Main Control CHannel MCCH-Q Main Control CHannel-QAM MLE Mobile Link Entity MS Mobile StationPDU Protocol Data Unit QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation SCCH Secondary Control CHannel SDU Service Data Unit SNDCP SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol SwMI Switching and Management Infrastructure TD
34、MA Time Division Multiple Access UL UpLink 4 Services for speech in QAM channels 4.1 Purpose The purpose in extending QAM channels to prove a native speech mode service are as follows: a) Lower rate modulation schemes such as 4-QAM offer better receiver sensitivity, thus leading to a higher range co
35、mpared with phase modulation channels, if the average transmitted power remains the same across phase modulation and 25 kHz QAM channels. b) Higher rate modulation schemes allow more capacity on a single carrier, allowing one base station carrier to carry more calls. Thus, when taken together with t
36、he previous point, the system designer can have more flexibility in trading off the capacity and range of base stations within the overall system design. c) The increased bit rate per spectrum bandwidth of higher modulation schemes will allow more calls within a given bandwidth from a single site, p
37、rovided that the altered carrier to interference ratio is managed. d) Voice and data calls can be carried on the same carrier, and channel allocation can allow optimized channel efficiency by allocating each timeslot to speech or data payload on a slot by slot basis on uplink and downlink. This will
38、 give increased flexibility compared with the channel allocation schemes currently possible on phase modulation channels. NOTE: This does not imply that channel allocation for voice calls needs to be sent or changed on a slot by slot basis. e) Simultaneous speech and packet data can be achieved by s
39、ending both in the same timeslot, or by more flexible management of timeslots. f) Improved support for end to end encrypted speech can be provided where more channel bandwidth is available to the end to end encrypted call, which will enable encryption synchronization to be sent without stealing from
40、 speech frames. g) Alternative codecs could be supported, as different channel bandwidths can be provided. ETSI ETSI TR 103 414 V1.1.1 (2016-09) 7 4.2 Services A scheme providing speech on QAM channels will support the following existing TETRA speech services: a) Individual call - duplex and semi du
41、plex b) Telephone call c) Group call d) Variants of these, such as broadcast calls. The scheme will also support the following TETRA supplementary services: a) Late entry b) Talking party identity c) Calling party identity d) Further supplementary services as required. The scheme will also maintain
42、support for security services such as authentication, air interface encryption and end to end encryption. Although the principles described in the present document were primarily intended to support speech calls on QAM channels, they are equally applicable to other forms of media or data where a reg
43、ular allocation of uplink and/or downlink data is required. These include possibilities such as video and telemetry. 5 Principles of the studied solution The principles of the solution proposed as a result of this study are described in this clause. Speech will be carried in existing physical layer
44、uplink and downlink QAM slots, and will make use of the QAM rates, bandwidths and error correction mechanisms already defined for signalling and data. Speech frames will be packed into timeslots using a new form of MAC PDU and sent directly in the channel timeslots, and will not be encapsulated in I
45、P when carried over the air interface. This avoids the overheads associated with IP headers. It will be possible to carry signalling and user data within the same timeslots, where there is capacity available. The channel allocation for assigning a speech call to timeslots on a QAM channel will use a
46、 modified version of the existing MAC channel allocation. The slot grant will allow different timeslot repetition rates to be used, to take advantage of packing more (or less) than two audio frames into a timeslot - e.g. to allocate one timeslot in 8 to carry a call if 4 audio frames are packed into
47、 a timeslot on one of the higher rate channels. The slot grant will specify a start timeslot and a repetition rate for timeslots for the call. It will be finite, so that the MS will lose the allocation if it does not receive top-up grants which allocate further timeslots to the call. There will also
48、 be a mechanism to cancel granted slots, e.g. at the end of a speech item. A similar process will allocate sets of timeslots on the DL for reception of the call, by defining a start slot and repetition rate. The MS will be able to save power (snooze) between slots, and there will be the possibility
49、of staying awake beyond a slot that is designated for speech reception in order to receive data. The process will be based on Napping, but changed from the current Napping procedures. The uplink channel allocation may be independent from the downlink allocation, either within the associated carrier, or by making an allocation on a different carrier. The uplink allocation may specify a subslot and a bandwidth which is different from the bandwidth of the downlink. The BS will not to permit link adaptation signalling by an MS receiving in a group call, as any
