1、 ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) Environmental Engineering (EE); Circular Economy (CE) in Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Definition of approaches, concepts and metrics TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) 2 Reference DTR/EE-EEPS65 Keywords e-waste management, ETSI
2、 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/
3、www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived dif
4、ference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or c
5、hange of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https:/portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https:/portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSuppor
6、tStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorizat
7、ion of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2017. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are
8、Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminol
9、ogy 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 12g33.1 Definitions 12g33.2 Abbreviations . 13g34 Introduction of Circular Economy concepts . 14g35 Circular Economy related legislation and standards 16g36
10、 Circular Economy business models . 16g37 Circular Economy aspects and parameters affecting the environmental impact in different life cycle stages . 17g37.0 Introduction 17g37.1 Raw Material Acquisition stage . 17g37.1.1 Recycled content . 17g37.1.2 Use of Critical Raw Materials. 18g37.1.3 Proporti
11、on of re-used parts . 18g37.2 Use stage 18g37.2.1 Durability 18g37.2.2 Upgradability 18g37.2.3 Removability. 19g37.2.4 Reparability. 19g37.3 End-of-Life stage 19g37.3.0 Introduction. 19g37.3.1 Reusability 20g37.3.2 Recyclability . 20g37.3.3 Recoverability . 21g37.3.4 Refurbishability 22g37.3.5 Reman
12、ufactureability 22g38 Assessment methods and parameters . 22g39 Examples of actions taken by the ICT industry 22g310 Reporting 23g311 Insights and conclusions . 23g312 Suggestions for future standardization activities 24g3Annex A: Observations regarding CE . 25g3A.0 Introduction 25g3A.1 Recycling Es
13、sential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carrie
14、d out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committ
15、ee Environmental Engineering (EE). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and
16、 “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction In order to facilitate a shift to a more sustainable economy, Circular Economy (CE) has been proposed as one of the main ways forward. In this context, CE combined with Information and Telecommunicatio
17、n Technologies (ICT) could enable decoupling of economic growth and environmental impact i.1. Due to the seemingly scattered understanding of the topic of CE, and its main aspect Resource Efficiency (RE), it will be necessary to summarize, and then standardize, the manner in which CE and RE is quant
18、ified. In 2015, the European Commission issued Mandate 543 (M/543), Standardization Request with regard to ecodesign requirements on material efficiency aspects for energy-related products i.2 requesting European standardization organizations to develop needed standards. ETSI EE accepted this mandat
19、e for ICT infrastructure goods. However, the present document was initiated before the Mandate 543 and is not seen as an ETSI TC EE deliverable for Mandate 543. Nevertheless, the present document is expected to provide valuable input for the Mandate 543 work. The present document aims to provide an
20、overview of the most important existing aspects, parameters, indicators, metrics, results, and business models used for estimating the resource efficiency and CE characteristics of ICT infrastructure goods as input for further standardization. The present document is intended to provide an aid for a
21、ll users of CE and RE concepts within the ICT infrastructure sphere. ITU-T SG5 (Q13/5) has made preliminary descriptions of RE for ICT goods i.3, which have been considered in the development of the present document which focuses more broadly on CE aspects for ICT infrastructure goods. Furthermore,
22、the Methodology for Ecodesign of Energy-related Products (MEErP) report, as used in the framework of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) i.2, has been used as background information for materials efficiency aspects. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) 6 1 Scope The present document investigates
23、current approaches, concepts and metrics of CE and RE and their applicability for the ICT infrastructure goods. The present document: 1) introduces CE and RE, 2) describes CE as used in the ICT industry, 3) describes existing CE and RE metrics and examples of their use, 4) proposes next steps in CE
24、and RE standardization. The scope of the present document includes the following aspects: upgradability, reparability, removability, durability, reusability, recyclability, recoverability, refurbishability, manufacturability. The following additional parameters, indicators and metrics are included:
25、recycled content, use of critical raw materials, proportion of re-used parts. The present document was developed jointly by ETSI TC EE and ITU-T Study Group 5. It is published respectively by ITU and ETSI as Supplement ITU-T L.Suppl.28 i.72 and the present document, which are equivalent in technical
26、 content. The present document provides a guide to CE aspects, parameters, metrics, indicators for ICT infrastructure goods. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by
27、 date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause we
28、re valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2016): “Intelligent
29、 Assets: Unlocking the circular economy potential“. NOTE: Available at http:/www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Intelligent_Assets_Unlocking_the_Cricular_Economy.pdf. i.2 European Commission Mandate M/543. Commission Implementing Decision of 17.12.2015 on a standardisation request to the European standardisa
30、tion organisations as regards ecodesign requirements on material efficiency aspects for energy-related products in support of the implementation of Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. NOTE: Available at http:/ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/mandates/index.cfm?fus
31、eaction=search.detail Debaveye, S.; Schaubroeck, T. et al.: “The recyclability benefit rate of closed-loop and open-loop systems: A case study on plastic recycling in Flanders“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 101, 53-60. i.8 Mueller, S.R.; Wager, P.A.; Widmer, R.; Williams, I.D.: “A geo
32、logical reconnaissance of electrical and electronic waste as a source for rare earth metals“ Waste Management 2015, 45, 226-234. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.9 Huysman, S.; Sala, S.; Mancini, L.; Ardente, F.; Alvarenga, R.A.; De Meester, S.; Dewulf, J.: “Toward a systematized framework for resource e
33、fficiency indicators“. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 95, 68-76. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.10 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: “Closing the loop - An EU action plan f
34、or the Circular Economy“, COM(2015) 614 final, 2.12.2015. NOTE: Available at https:/ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2015/EN/1-2015-614-EN-F1-1.PDF. i.11 Smalen, L.; Galkin, T.; Volkov, T; Karvinen, H.; Tonteri, H.; Vatanen, S: “Life cycle methodology to assess resource efficiency of Nokia Fle
35、xi Mounting Kit“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.mince.fi/document/esitykset_new/Lauri_Smalen_jaettava_aineisto.pdf. i.12 Sihvonen, S., Ritola, T.: “Conceptualizing ReX for Aggregating End-of-life Strategies in Product Development“. Procedia CIRP 2015, 29, 639-644. NOTE: Available at http:/ac.els- Bau
36、er, B.; Musaeus, P.; Gylling, A.C.; Zacho, K.O.; Remmen, A.: “Forberedelse med henblik p genbrug af elektronikaffald“, Miljprojekt nr. 1739. 2015. NOTE: Available at http:/vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/223220188/Forberedelse_til_genbrug_af_elektronik_affald.pdf. i.15 BS PAS 141:2011: “Reuse of used and waste
37、electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE and WEEE). Process management. Specification“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.16 Roos, G.: “Business model innovation to create and capture resource value in future circular material chains“. Resources 2014, 3, 248-274. NOTE: Available at http:/ ETSI ETSI TR 10
38、3 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) 8 i.17 Accenture executive summary: “Waste to Wealth“, 2015. NOTE: Available at https:/ i.18 Sultan, N.: “Servitization of the IT industry: the cloud“. Strategic Change 2014, 23, 375-388. NOTE: Available at https:/ i.19 Lasanen, M.; Aubree, M.; Cassan, C.; Conte, A.; David, J.
39、; Elayoubi, S.-E.; Galkin, T.; Grigore, V.; Le Masson, S.; Lees, J.; Louahlia-Gualous, H.; Marquet, D.; Mokhti, Z.; Nuaymi, L.; Scheck, H.-O.; Smalen, L.: “Environmental Friendly Mobile Radio Networks: Approaches of the European OPERA-Net 2 Project“. NOTE: Available at http:/projects.celticplus.eu/o
40、pera-net2/docs/ICT2013_presentation_OPERA_Net2_May8th2013.pdf. i.20 Dechenaux, E.; Smaln, L.; Junno, T. et al.: “Materials efficiency: use of LCA to analyze the impacts of the evolution of a the evolution of a radio access radio access mounting kit“, ETSI 3rdWorkshop on ICT Energy Efficiency and Env
41、ironmental Sustainability. 3 June 2015, Sophia Antipolis, France. NOTE: Available at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2015/201506_EEWORKSHOP/SESSION03_LCA/LCA_Use_AnalyseImpacts_RadioAccess_MountingKit_Dechenaux_Orange.pdf. i.21 ETSI ES 203 199: “ Environmental Engineering (EE); Methodology for enviro
42、nmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods, networks and services“. i.22 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410. “Methodology for environmental life cycle assessments of information and communication technology goods, networks and services“. i.23 Ardente, F.; Ma
43、thieux, F.: “Identification and assessment of products measures to improve resource efficiency: the case-study of an Energy using Product“. Journal Cleaner Production 2014, 83, 126-141. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.24 BS EN 15343:2007: “Plastics. Recycled plastics. Plastics recycling traceability and
44、 assessment of conformity and recycled content“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.25 Philips: “Closing the materials loop“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.26 Graedel, T.E.; Allwood, J.; Birat, J.P. Et al.: “Recycling rates of metals: a status report“, 2011. NOTE: Available at http:/www.unep.org/resourcepane
45、l/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf. i.27 Tata Steel Europe: “Sustainable Steel“, 2007. NOTE: Available at http:/www.tsbsnordic.lv/file_source/StaticFiles/SustainableSteel%20KeyMessages.pdf. i.28 European Commission: “Critical Raw Materials“. NOTE: Available at https:/ec.europa.
46、eu/growth/sectors/raw-materials/specific-interest/critical_en. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.1 (2017-01) 9 i.29 Rogers, J.; Cooper, S.; Cooper, S.; Densley Tingley, D.; Braithwaite, N.; Moreno, M.; Salvia, G.: “Product Longevity and Shared Ownership: Sustainable Routes to Satisfying the Worlds Growing Demand for Goods“. AIMS Energy 2015, 3, 547-561. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.30 Stutz, M.; OConnell, S.; Pflueger, J.: “Carbon Footprint of a Dell Rack Server“. In Proceedings of Electronics Goes Green 2012+, Berlin, Germany, 9-
