1、 ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) Environmental Engineering (EE); Circular Economy (CE) in Information and Communication Technology (ICT); Definition of approaches, concepts and metrics TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) 2 Reference RTR/EE-EEPS33 Keywords e-waste management ETSI
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7、on of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2018. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit
8、 of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verb
9、s terminology 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 14g33.1 Definitions 14g33.2 Abbreviations . 15g34 Introduction of Circular Economy concepts . 15g35 Circular Economy related legislation and stand
10、ards 17g36 Circular Economy business models . 18g37 Circular Economy aspects and parameters affecting the environmental impact in different life cycle stages . 18g37.0 Introduction 18g37.1 Raw Material Acquisition stage . 18g37.1.1 Recycled content . 18g37.1.2 Use of Critical Raw Materials. 19g37.1.
11、3 Proportion of re-used parts . 19g37.2 Use stage 19g37.2.1 Durability 19g37.2.2 Upgradability 20g37.2.3 Removability. 20g37.2.4 Reparability. 21g37.3 End-of-Life stage 21g37.3.0 Introduction. 21g37.3.1 Reusability 21g37.3.2 Recyclability . 22g37.3.3 Recoverability . 22g37.3.4 Refurbishability 23g37
12、.3.5 Remanufactureability 23g38 Assessment methods and parameters . 23g39 Examples of actions taken by the ICT industry 24g310 Reporting 25g311 Insights and conclusions . 25g312 Suggestions for future standardization activities 25g3Annex A: Observations regarding CE . 26g3A.0 Introduction 26g3A.1 Re
13、cycling Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has b
14、een carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradena
15、mes which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitu
16、te an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need no
17、t“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction In order to facilitate
18、a shift to a more sustainable economy, Circular Economy (CE) has been proposed as one of the main ways forward. In this context, CE combined with Information and Telecommunication Technologies (ICT) could enable decoupling of economic growth and environmental impact i.1. Due to the seemingly scatter
19、ed understanding of the topic of CE, and its main aspect Resource Efficiency (RE), it will be necessary to summarize, and then standardize, the manner in which CE and RE is quantified. In 2015, the European Commission issued Mandate 543 (M/543), Standardization Request with regard to ecodesign requi
20、rements on material efficiency aspects for energy-related products i.2 requesting European standardization organizations to develop needed standards. ETSI TC-EE accepted this mandate for ICT infrastructure goods. The present document is intended to provide input for standardization related to the Ma
21、ndate 543. The present document aims to provide an overview of the most important existing aspects, parameters, indicators, metrics, results, and business models used for estimating the resource efficiency and CE characteristics of ICT infrastructure goods as input for further standardization. The p
22、resent document is intended to provide an aid for all users of CE and RE concepts within the ICT infrastructure sphere. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) 6 ITU-T SG5 (Q13/5) has made preliminary descriptions of RE for ICT goods i.3, which have been considered in the development of the present do
23、cument which focuses more broadly on CE aspects for ICT infrastructure goods. Furthermore, the Methodology for Ecodesign of Energy-related Products (MEErP) report i.4, as used in the framework of the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) i.75, has been used as background information for materials effici
24、ency aspects. ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) 7 1 Scope The present document investigates current approaches, concepts and metrics of CE and RE and their applicability for the ICT infrastructure goods. The present document: 1) introduces CE and RE, 2) describes CE as used in the ICT industry,
25、3) describes existing CE and RE metrics and examples of their use, 4) proposes next steps in CE and RE standardization. The scope of the present document includes the following aspects: upgradability, reparability, removability, durability, reusability, recyclability, recoverability, refurbishabilit
26、y, manufacturability. The following additional parameters, indicators and metrics are included: recycled content, use of critical raw materials, proportion of re-used parts. The present document is revision of ETSI TR 103 476 (V1.1.1) i.73. It has the same technical content , but it clearly clarifie
27、s its relation to M/543 i.2. The first version i.73 was prepared jointly by ETSI TC EE and ITU-T Study Group 5. It is published respectively by ITU and ETSI as Supplement ITU-T L.Suppl.28 i.72 and the present document, which are equivalent in technical content. The present document provides a guide
28、to CE aspects, parameters, metrics, indicators for ICT infrastructure goods. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or ve
29、rsion number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot
30、 guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2016): “Intelligent Assets: Unlocking the circular economy potentia
31、l“. NOTE: Available at http:/www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Intelligent_Assets_Unlocking_the_Cricular_Economy.pdf. i.2 M/543 Commission Implementing Decision (2015) 9096 of 17.12.2015 on a standardization request to the European standardization organizations as regards ecodesign requirements on material
32、efficiency aspects for energy-related products in support of the implementation of Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. NOTE: Available at http:/ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/mandates/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.detail Debaveye, S.; Schaubroeck, T. et al.: “The
33、recyclability benefit rate of closed-loop and open-loop systems: A case study on plastic recycling in Flanders“, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 101, 53-60. i.8 Mueller, S.R.; Wager, P.A.; Widmer, R.; Williams, I.D.: “A geological reconnaissance of electrical and electronic waste as a so
34、urce for rare earth metals“, Waste Management 2015, 45, 226-234. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.9 Huysman, S.; Sala, S.; Mancini, L.; Ardente, F.; Alvarenga, R.A.; De Meester, S.; Dewulf, J.: “Toward a systematized framework for resource efficiency indicators“, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 201
35、5, 95, 68-76. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.10 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: “Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy“, COM(2015) 614 final, 2.12.2015. NOTE:
36、Available at https:/ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2015/EN/1-2015-614-EN-F1-1.PDF. i.11 Smalen, L.; Galkin, T.; Volkov, T; Karvinen, H.; Tonteri, H.; Vatanen, S: “Life cycle methodology to assess resource efficiency of Nokia Flexi Mounting Kit“. NOTE: https:/mycourses.aalto.fi/pluginfile.php
37、/563974/mod_resource/content/1/Sustainability-in-electronics_20171012handout.pdf i.12 Sihvonen, S., Ritola, T.: “Conceptualizing ReX for Aggregating End-of-life Strategies in Product Development“, Procedia CIRP 2015, 29, 639-644. NOTE: Available at http:/ac.els- Bauer, B.; Musaeus, P.; Gylling, A.C.
38、; Zacho, K.O.; Remmen, A.: “Forberedelse med henblik p genbrug af elektronikaffald“, Miljprojekt nr. 1739. 2015. NOTE: Available at http:/vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/223220188/Forberedelse_til_genbrug_af_elektronik_affald.pdf. i.15 BS PAS 141:2011: “Reuse of used and waste electrical and electronic equipmen
39、t (UEEE and WEEE). Process management. Specification“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.16 Roos, G.: “Business model innovation to create and capture resource value in future circular material chains“, Resources 2014, 3, 248-274. NOTE: Available at http:/ ETSI ETSI TR 103 476 V1.1.2 (2018-02) 9 i.17 Acce
40、nture executive summary: “Waste to Wealth“, 2015. NOTE: Available at https:/ i.18 Sultan, N.: “Servitization of the IT industry: the cloud“, Strategic Change 2014, 23, 375-388. NOTE: Available at https:/ i.19 Lasanen, M.; Aubree, M.; Cassan, C.; Conte, A.; David, J.; Elayoubi, S.-E.; Galkin, T.; Gri
41、gore, V.; Le Masson, S.; Lees, J.; Louahlia-Gualous, H.; Marquet, D.; Mokhti, Z.; Nuaymi, L.; Scheck, H.-O.; Smalen, L.: “Environmental Friendly Mobile Radio Networks: Approaches of the European OPERA-Net 2 Project“. NOTE: Available at http:/projects.celticplus.eu/opera-net2/docs/ICT2013_presentatio
42、n_OPERA_Net2_May8th2013.pdf. i.20 Dechenaux, E.; Smaln, L.; Junno, T. et al.: “Materials efficiency: use of LCA to analyze the impacts of the evolution of a the evolution of a radio access radio access mounting kit“, ETSI 3rdWorkshop on ICT Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability. 3 June
43、2015, Sophia Antipolis, France. NOTE: Available at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2015/201506_EEWORKSHOP/SESSION03_LCA/LCA_Use_AnalyseImpacts_RadioAccess_MountingKit_Dechenaux_Orange.pdf. i.21 ETSI ES 203 199: “ Environmental Engineering (EE); Methodology for environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA
44、) of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods, networks and services“. i.22 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410: “Methodology for environmental life cycle assessments of information and communication technology goods, networks and services“. NOTE: Available at http:/www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1410-
45、201412-I. i.23 Ardente, F.; Mathieux, F: “Identification and assessment of products measures to improve resource efficiency: the case-study of an Energy using Product“, Journal Cleaner Production 2014, 83, 126-141. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.24 BS EN 15343:2007: “Plastics. Recycled plastics. Plasti
46、cs recycling traceability and assessment of conformity and recycled content“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.25 Philips: “Closing the materials loop“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.26 Graedel, T.E.; Allwood, J.; Birat, J.P. Et al.: “Recycling rates of metals: a status report“, 2011. NOTE: Available at http:/www.resourcepanel.org/file/381/download?token=he_rldvr i.27 Tata Steel Europe: “Sustainable Steel“, 2007. NOTE: Available at http:/www.tsbsnordic.lv/file_source/StaticFiles/SustainableSteel%20KeyMessages.pdf. i.28 European Commission: “Critical Raw Materials“. NOTE: Availabl
