1、 ETSI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) System Reference document (SRdoc); Technical characteristics for Low Power Wide Area Networks Chirp Spread Spectrum (LPWAN-CSS) operating in the UHF spectrum below 1 GHz TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-566 Keywords energy m
2、anagement, intelligent homes Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, includin
3、g IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trad
4、emarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present docum
5、ent does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Modal verbs terminology In the pre
6、sent document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in
7、direct citation. Executive summary The present document has been developed on request of CEPT to enable them to conduct compatibility studies on LPWAN-CSS (LoRaWAN) systems. The document contains information on the technical characteristics and parameters, as well as market relevant information on t
8、he LPWAN-CSS systems. The document includes finally spectrum considerations to enable the market success of the LPWAN-CSS (LoRaWAN) systems. Introduction The present document has been developed on request of CEPT WGFM to get a better description of LPWAN systems in the UHF frequency band. ETSI ETSI
9、TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 6 1 Scope The present document describes the LPWAN-CSS (Low Power Wide Area Networks - Chirp Spread Spectrum) system, and aims to respond a CEPT ECC Working Group Frequency Management request to better understand the LPWAN-CSS characteristics in view of allowing spectrum
10、considerations for conventional SRDs and SRD networks healthy sharing. It includes in particular: Market information. Technical information (including expected sharing and compatibility issues). Regulatory considerations. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable
11、in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced d
12、ocument (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the u
13、ser with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 “LoRaWAN 1.0.2 Specification“. NOTE: To obtain this document please contact adminmail.lora-alliance.org. i.2 Hata, M. (August 1980): “Empirical Formula for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services“. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. VT
14、-29 (3): 317-25. i.3 B. Reynders and S. Pollin: “Chirp spread spectrum as a modulation technique for long range communication“, Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technologies (SCVT), Mons, Belgium, November 2016, pp. 1-5. i.4 ETSI EN 300 220-1 (V3.1.1): “Short Range Devices (SRD) operating i
15、n the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement“. i.5 ETSI EN 300 220-2 (V3.1.1): “Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
16、 Directive 2014/53/EU for non specific radio equipment“. i.6 ERC Recommendation 70-03: “Relating to the Use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“, Troms 1997 Subsequent amendments 19 May 2017. i.7 Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation
17、 of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC. i.8 ECC Report 261 (January 2017): “Short Range Devices in the frequency range 862-870 MHz range“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 7 i.9 ECC Report 246 (January 2017): “Wideband and Higher DC Short Range
18、Devices in 870-875.8 MHz and 915.2-920.8 MHz (companion to ECC Report 200)“. i.10 ETSI TR 103 435 (V1.1.1): “System Reference document (SRdoc); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for Ultra Narrow Band (UNB) SRDs operating in the UHF spectrum below 1 GHz“. i.11 Directive 2014/53/EU
19、of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC Text with EEA relevance. i.12 ERC Recommendation 74-01: “Unwanted Emissions in the
20、Spurious Domain“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ETSI EN 300 220-1 i.4, ETSI EN 300 220-2 i.5 and the following apply: application server: terminates the application layer for the end devices conne
21、cted to a Network Server; there can be multiple instances of the Application Server, each one serving a different application or a different group of applications end-device or end-node: LoRaWAN client device communicating via a radio link with gateways; the correspondent ETSI/CEPT term is “Terminal
22、 Node (TN)“ gateway: radio system on the infrastructure-side. Communicates with end-devices and, via IP, with a network server; the correspondent ETSI/CEPT term is “Network Access Point (NAP)“ network server: termination entity for the LoRaWAN protocol for the end-devices connected to the network, i
23、t is the centre of the star topology occupied bandwidth: width of a LPWAN CSS signal band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean power emitted are each equal to 0,5 % of the total mean power of a given emission time overhead: time taken to transmit everything else
24、which is not payload 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 300 220-1 i.4, ETSI EN 300 220-2 i.5 and the following apply: bps bits per second dB decibel dBc decibels of the power referenced to the power of the carrier dBd decibels of antenna gain reference
25、d to a half-wave dipole antenna dBi decibels of antenna gain referenced to a hypothetical isotropic antenna dBm decibels of the power referenced to one milliwatt 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ACR Adjacent Channel Rejection ADR Adaptive
26、 Data Rate AFA Adaptive Frequency Agility ARM Advanced Risc Machine (company) AS Application Server AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise ETSI ETSI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 8 BW Bandwidth CAPEX Capital Expenditure CCA Clear Channel Assessment CEPT Confrence Europenne des administrations des Postes e
27、t des Tlcommunications CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum CW Continuous Wave DR Data Rate E.R.P. Effective Radiated Power EC European CommissionECC Electronic Communications Committee ED End Device ERC European Radiocommunication Committee ER-GSM Enhanced Railway Global System for
28、 Mobile communication ERP Effective Radiated Power EU European Union FEC Forward Error Correction FSK Frequency Shift Keying GPS Global Positioning systemGW GateWay HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer IoT Internet of Things IP Internet Protocol LBT Listen Before Talk LPWA Low Power Wide Area LPWAN Low Po
29、wer Wide Area Networks LP-WAN Low Power Wide Area Networks LPWAN-CSS LPWAN Chirp Spread Spectrum LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Medium Access Control NF Noise Figure NS Network ServerOOB Out Of Band PER Paket Error Rate PHY Physical LayerREC Recommendation RF Radio Frequency RX Receiver SA Socit Anonym
30、e SAW Suface Acoustic Wave SE Spectrum Engineering SF Spreading Factor SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SRD Short Range Devices SSN Silver Spring Networks TV Television UHF Ultra High Frequency UK United Kindom UNB Ultra Narrow Band USD USA Dollar WG Working Group WGFM Working Group Frequency Management WG
31、SE Working Group Spectrum Engineering WI Work Item ETSI ETSI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 9 4 Comments on the System Reference Document 4.1 Statements by ETSI Members Source: Silver Spring Networks (UK) Ltd. NOTE 1: For further information contact Dr. Simon Dunkley . SSN (UK), a Full ETSI Member, act
32、ively participated in the preparation of the present document and thanks Semtech for the depth and scope of the information contributed on the operation of the LoRa systems described. While not raising opposition to the completion of the present document, a number of points where SSN (UK) opinions d
33、isagree with the authors are noted here in this clause to be considered along with the rest of the present document material. 1) Relationship between LoRaTMand LoRaWANTM: Throughout the present document preparation the Rapporteur and the contributors were asked to clarify the relationship between Lo
34、RaTMand LoRaWANTM. Satisfactory answers were never provided and the final draft provides no explanation of the relationship, instead simply removing (almost) all references to LoRaTMfrom the document. SSN believe this does not respond to the request from WGFM for the present document, is not helpful
35、 in understanding the products and market for these systems, and merely confuses the reader. Instead of inventing a new term (LPWAN-CSS) and trying to use it to describe LPWAN systems built using the LoRaWANTMprotocols, SSN (UK) believes it would be much simpler and clearer to refer to published and
36、 freely available material from the LoRa AllianceTM website. The document entitled “LoRaWANTM What is it?“, and subtitled “A technical overview of LoRaTMand LoRaWANTM“, linked to via the home page of the LoRa AllianceTM website, clearly states that: “LoRaTMis the physical layer or modulation utilize
37、d to create the long range communication link“. It further states that: “LoRaWANTMis the communications protocol and systems architecture for the network while the LoRaTMphysical layer enables the long range communications link“. These statements are clear and unambiguous and match the LoRaTMProtoco
38、l Architecture depicted in Figure 2 where the LoRaWANTMprotocol is shown adapted via a HAL to the PHY layer shown exchanging LoRaTMor FSK modulated data with a peer PHY layer. The attempt to replace LoRaTMwith the term LPWAN-CSS while at the same time equating LPWAN-CSS to LoRaWANTMis inconsistent w
39、ithin the present document and with the published technology descriptions by the LoRa AllianceTMand simply introduces confusion. 2) Relationship to studies carried out in ECC Report 261 i.8: SSN (UK) actively participated in CEPT WI 42-2 compatibility studies on SRDs in the 862 MHz - 870 MHz frequen
40、cy range. ECC Report 261 i.8 included results of studies of interference into LPWAN base stations but using assumed parameters for the LPWAN receiver. CEPT WGSE, at their 75thmeeting in Berlin, January 2017, discussed ECC Report 261 i.8 (among others) and minuted the decision to approve the report f
41、or publication. However, it was also noted that the studies on LPWAN used unrealistic system parameters. Section 9.1.1 of SE(17)035 Minutes of the 75thWGSE meeting, reporting the discussion on ECC Report 261 i.8 states: “United Kingdom (SE(17)032) suggested further that the analysis of interference
42、into LP-WAN technology should be revisited once the details of the LP-WAN technology have been established and a realistic set of victim system parameters agreed. United Kingdom is of the opinion that WG SE should commit to a new WI once the present document on LP-WAN is received from ETSI“. ETSI ET
43、SI TR 103 526 V1.1.1 (2018-04) 10 Requests by SSN (UK) to comment in the present document on the relationship between the presented system parameters and those reported in ECC Report 261 i.8 assumed for LPWAN base stations were consistently refused on the basis that such comments were out of scope o
44、f the present document. SSN (UK) considers that, since WGFM specifically requested the present document because of a lack of technical detail for LoRaTMLPWAN systems to be used in compatibility studies, such comments would be fully in scope of the present document and be of considerable interest to
45、CEPT. 3) Interference from LoRaTMSystems: SSN (UK) notes that LPWAN systems are described as operating at both low and high power with Gateways often mounted at high elevations. SSN (UK) considers that, in addition to the usual compatibility investigations, studies of high power operation at high el
46、evation, especially taking into account long continuous transmissions owing to low data rates, are required to determine the interference from LPWAN systems into other legitimate SRD devices. 4) LoRaTMSystem Waveform: SSN (UK) repeatedly requested more details of the LoRaTMsystem waveform and its mo
47、dulation but these requests were denied on the basis that sufficient information is presented for the needs of CEPT compatibility studies. SSN (UK) believes this is not the case and that when CEPT studies are launched the need for additional information will become apparent. Not providing informatio
48、n in the present document will simply lead to delays in the overall process. SSN (UK) requests details of the modulation scheme used by LoRaTMsystems so that when considering interference into LoRaTMdevices the effects of the interferer signal on the LoRaTMreceiver and demodulation mechanisms may be
49、 understood. Similarly, knowledge of the modulation process will assist in understanding the effects of LoRaTMwaveforms as interferers into different victim devices. In addition, it is currently impossible to verify some of the information presented since details of the modulation scheme are not available. For example, deriving the processing gain or even the bit rate from the Spreading Factor information is not possible. 5) Susceptibility to Interference: The final figures presented for Adjacent Channel Rejec
