1、 ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02)Technical Report Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);Evaluation of the inclusion of path loss basedlocation technology in the UTRAN (3GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 9)ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 13GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 9Refe
2、rence DTR/TSGR-0425907v901 Keywords UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Indivi
3、dual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document
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5、ent status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduc
6、ed except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI
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8、logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 23GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 9Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to th
9、ese essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Lates
10、t updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates
11、on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities,
12、UMTS identities or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 33GPP TR 25.907
13、 version 9.0.1 Release 9Contents Intellectual Property Rights 2g3Foreword . 2g3Foreword . 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Symbols 7g33.3 Abbreviations . 7g34 Overview 7g35 Feasibility of path-loss technologies for location on UMTS 7g
14、35.1 RF pattern matching . 7g36 Evaluated performance of path-loss technologies on UMTS . 7g36.1 General . 7g36.2 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS . 8g37 Network Architecture for Path-loss technologies on UMTS 8g37.1 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS . 8g38 Summary comparison of path-
15、loss technologies with currently standardized location technologies on UMTS 8g39 Anticipated requirements for the standardization of path-loss technologies in 3GPP . 8g39.1 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS . 8g39.1.1 Modifications to TS 25.331 5 (RRC Protocol Specification) and TS 25.453 6 i
16、nclude: . 9g39.1.2 Anticipated Change Requests . 9g310 Conclusions 9g310.1 RF pattern matching technologies 9g3Annex A (Informative): RF pattern matching . 11g3A.1 Overview 11g3A.2 Feasibility of RF pattern matching technologies for location on UMTS . 11g3A.2.1 General description of RF pattern matc
17、hing technologies 11g3A.2.1.1 Data elements used in RF pattern matching location calculation . 12g3A.2.1.1.1 Data necessary for operation of RF pattern matching . 12g3A.2.1.1.1.1 Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) (TS 25.215 7 clause 5.1.1) . 12g3A.2.1.1.2 Data that would enhance the performance of R
18、F pattern matching 12g3A.2.1.1.2.1 PRACH Propagation delay (25.215 7 clause 5.2.10) . 12g3A.2.1.1.2.2 UTRA carrier Received Signal Strength (RSS) (25.215 7 clause 5.1.3) 12g3A.2.1.1.2.3 SFN-SFN observed time difference (25.215 7 clause 5.1.9) 12g3A.2.1.1.2.4 Round Trip Time (RTT) (25.215 7 clause5.2
19、.8) 12g3A.2.1.1.2.5 UE Rx-Tx time difference (25.215 7 clause 5.1.10) 13g3A.2.1.2 Air interface ramifications on RF pattern matching technologies 13g3A.2.1.2.1 UMTS-specific impacts on RF pattern matching 13g3A.2.1.2.2 Confirmation of UE neutrality with RF pattern matching technologies 13g3A.3 Evalu
20、ated performance of RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS 13g3A.3.1 Simulation methodology 13g3A.3.1.1 Overview 13g3A.3.1.2 Network model . 13g3A.3.1.3 Location methods 14g3A.3.1.4 Error models . 14g3ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 43GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 9A.3.2 CellID-RTT met
21、hod . 16g3A.3.3 RF pattern matching method 16g3A.3.3.1 Simulation tool inputs . 17g3A.3.3.2 Detailed simulation flow . 17g3A.3.4 Propagation models 18g3A.3.4.1 Hata propagation model 18g3A.3.4.2 COST231 propagation model 18g3A.3.5 Cramer-Rao lower bound formulation . 18g3A.3.5.1 RSS measurement mode
22、l 18g3A.3.5.2 RSS location algorithm relative signal strength . 20g3A.3.5.3 Derivation of the Fisher Information Matrix and Cramer Rao Lower Bound for path loss measurement . 21g3A.3.5.4 Derivation of Fisher Information Matrix for RTT measurement 22g3A.3.5.5 Information matrix for RTT measurement fr
23、om a directional sector 23g3A.3.5.6 The Fisher Information Matrix and the CRLB for RTT measurement + path loss measurement . 24g3A.5 Network architecture for RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS 25g3A.5.1 UMTS architecture for RF pattern matching technology . 25g3A.6 Evaluated performance of RF
24、pattern matching technologies on UMTS 25g3A.6.1 RF pattern matching accuracy evaluation 26g3A.6.1.1 Simulation results for evaluation scenarios 26g3A.6.1.1.1 Dense urban simulation . 26g3A.6.1.2.1 Suburban simulation 28g3A.6.1.2.2 Rural simulation 30g3A.6.1.2.3 Mountain simulation . 30g3A.6.2.1 Addi
25、tional independent simulations - TeleCommunication Systems (TCS) 31g3A.6.2.1.1 Overview . 31g3A.6.2.1.2 Simulation results 32g3A.6.2.2 Additional independent simulations - AT 2 presented to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. y the second digit is inc
26、remented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc. z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 63GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 91 Scope Path-loss technolog
27、ies cover a broad scope of specific location technologies, including: RSSI Trilateration technologies, certain Enhanced Cell-ID technologies, and RF pattern matching technologies. For the purposes of this Study Item, individual technology groups to be evaluated will be treated independently as Annex
28、es to the TR. In this TR, Annex.A should: - Describe pattern matching and outline its benefits and challenges. - Illustrate the required messaging to support RF pattern matching technologies, as well as the projected performance improvements associated with additional messaging/measurement support.
29、- Confirm the performance capability of RF pattern matching Technology on the UMTS air-interface, over all environments. Both in terms of accuracy and location result latency: - Dense Urban - In-Building - Rural - Illustrate the Standardized architecture for RF pattern matching technologies as relat
30、ed to the UMTS and future air interfaces. - Provide an outline of anticipated standardization requirements for improved performance and interoperability of RF pattern matching technologies. - Provide a conclusion based on the information contained herein and a recommendation to the 3GPP regarding st
31、andardization of RF pattern matching Technologies within the RAN. 2 References 1 Weiss, A., “On The Accuracy of A Cellular Location System Based on RSS Measurements,“ IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 52, pp. 1508 1518, Nov 2003. 2 Catovic, A. and Sahinoglu, Z., “The CramerRao Bounds o
32、f Hybrid TOA/RSS and TDOA/RSS Location Estimation Schemes,“ IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 8, pp. 626 8, Oct 2004. 3 3GPP TR 25.942: “ Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios 4 3GPP TR 21.905: “Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications“. 5 3GPP TS 25.331:
33、 “Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification“. 6 3GPP TS 25.453: “UTRAN Iupc interface Positioning Calculation Application Part (PCAP) signalling“. 7 3GPP TS 25.215: “Physical layer; Measurements (FDD)“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the prese
34、nt document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 4 and the following apply. A term defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same term, if any, in TR 21.905 4. ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 73GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 93.2 Symbols For the
35、purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 1 and the following apply. An abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if
36、 any, in TR 21.905 1. 4 Overview Performance in field deployments and trials of Path-loss technologies indicates potential benefits, both in terms of location accuracy and latency, in including some of these technologies in the Standards. Individual Path-loss technologies will be evaluated thoroughl
37、y and objectively in this TR to assess which, if any, of these are sufficiently promising so as to justify further consideration by the 3GPP. 5 Feasibility of path-loss technologies for location on UMTS 5.1 RF pattern matching pattern matching technologies represent a family of Path Loss based techn
38、ologies that rely on matching the RF environment (as experienced by the UE) to the known characteristics of the larger RF System in which the UE is operating. Information from the UE, including measurements of neighbour cell signal strengths, time delay and other network parameters form the basis of
39、 the RF environment to be compared to the established System RF Database. The intent of this approach is to mitigate the negative impacts of anomalies within the RF environment that challenge the accuracy of trilateration technologies (e.g. multipath and reflection). The RF pattern matching position
40、ing method is based on measurements made by the UE and Node B. The essential measurement set required for this method is currently defined in 25.215 and necessary for the basic mobility functionality and hence this method will work with existing mobiles without any modification. 6 Evaluated performa
41、nce of path-loss technologies on UMTS 6.1 General - RF pattern matching provides a significant improvement in performance to Cell-ID with RTT - Average simulated improvement was 47.3% - Highest simulated improvement was 259% ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 83GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release
42、 96.2 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS See Annex A.6. 7 Network Architecture for Path-loss technologies on UMTS 7.1 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS - Architecture shown is the currently approved 3GPP LCS architecture (no architecture changes are needed for RF pattern matching) BTSNo
43、de BStand-Alone SMLCBSCRNCMSCSGSNIubAbisLbIupcFigure A.5.1: Overlay Architecture for RF pattern matching 8 Summary comparison of path-loss technologies with currently standardized location technologies on UMTS Refer to Clauses A.3 and 10.1. 9 Anticipated requirements for the standardization of path-
44、loss technologies in 3GPP 9.1 RF pattern matching technologies on UMTS ETSI ETSI TR 125 907 V9.0.1 (2010-02) 93GPP TR 25.907 version 9.0.1 Release 99.1.1 Modifications to TS 25.331 5 (RRC Protocol Specification) and TS 25.453 6 include: The changes anticipated for this specification include the defi
45、nition/addition of RF pattern matching to the UE Positioning description section (8.6.7.19) and the inclusion of RF pattern matching in the defined UE positioning procedures. Additionally, a PCAP group for “RF pattern matching“ will be required in TS 25.453. 9.1.2 Anticipated Change Requests - Inter
46、-RAT The ability to leverage Inter-RAT measurements in an overlay network will provide significant potential improvements in location accuracy for RF pattern matching. It is anticipated that these measurements will be requested as an optional parameter (at least for use in emergency service location
47、s). - IPDL IPDL offers similar advantages to RF pattern matching to those that it gives to other location technologies (e.g. OTDOA). To the extent that this capability is pursued for those technologies, it is intended that it will be used to benefit RF pattern matching as well. - Absolute Ec (Sector
48、 TX Power) As RF pattern matching is a path-loss, based location technology, absolute Ec will allow for better definition of the local UE environment and improved location accuracy. It is assumed that this measurement will be requested in the UE positioning report for RF pattern matching. - Round Tr
49、ip Time (RTT) Given the dynamic power management scenarios that are being used in the UTRAN, The measure of RTT has good potential to improve the accuracy of any path-loss based location technology. Access to RTT as an optional parameter has great benefit to RF pattern matching, as well as ECID and should be and it is anticipated that this measure will be requested as an optional parameter. 10 Conclusions 10.1 RF pattern matching technologies This section is reiterated in Annex A.8 and provides detailed informati
