1、 ETSI TR 1Digital cellular telecoUniversal Mobile TelPerformanAdaptive Mul(3GPP TR 26.9TECHNICAL REPORT 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016communications system (Phaelecommunications System (LTE; ance characterization of the ulti-Rate (AMR) speech codec.975 version 13.0.0 Release 1316-01) hase 2+); (UMTS); ec 13)
2、 ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)13GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 13Reference RTR/TSGS-0426975vd00 Keywords GSM,LTE,UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association bu
3、t non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print version
4、s of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specif
5、ic network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors i
6、n the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https:/portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except a
7、s authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECT
8、TM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM A
9、ssociation. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)23GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 13Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available fo
10、r ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http
11、s:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essen
12、tial to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as
13、being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“
14、, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)33GPP TR
15、 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 13Contents Intellectual Property Rights 2g3Foreword . 2g3Modal verbs terminology 2g3Foreword . 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g34 General . 9g34.1 Project History 9g34.2 Overview of the AMR Con
16、cept 9g34.3 Functional Description in a GSM System 10g34.4 Presentation of the following sections 12g35 Quality in Clean Speech and Error Conditions 13g36 Quality under background noise and Errors Conditions 16g37 Performances in Tandeming and with variation of the input speech level . 19g38 Perform
17、ances with the Codec Adaptation turned on 21g39 VAD/DTX Performances . 23g310 Performances with DTMF tones 24g311 Transparency to Signaling tones 26g312 Performances with special input signals 27g313 Language Dependency . 28g314 Transmission Delay 28g315 Frequency Response . 33g316 Complexity . 34g3
18、Annex A: AMR GSM Characterization Phase Overview 37g3Annex B: AMR Verification Phase Overview . 40g3Annex C: Additional Characterization Test Results. 41g3Annex D: AMR Performances as a function of FER and RBER . 47g3D.1 Results in Clean Speech in MOS . 48g3D.2 Results in Car Noise . 49g3D.3 Results
19、 in Street Noise . 51g3D.4 Results in Office Noise: . 52g3References to Annex D: 53g3Annex E: AMR Characterization in 3G Channels 54g3E.1 Overview of the 3G Characterization Phase 54g3ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)43GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 13E.2 Radio Simulator Parameters . 55g3
20、E.2.1 General . 55g3E.2.2 Uplink . 55g3E.2.3 Downlink 56g3E.3 AMR 3G Characterization Test Results in Clean Speech 56g3E.4 AMR 3G Characterization Test Results in Car Noise 61g3References to Annex E: . 62g3Annex F: Change history 63g3History 64g3ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)53GPP TR 26.975
21、version 13.0.0 Release 13Foreword This Technical Report has been produced by the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the presen
22、t document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows: Version x.y.z where: x the first digit: 1 presented to TSG for information; 2 presented to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under chang
23、e control. y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc. z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)63GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0
24、 Release 131 Scope The present document provides background information on the performances of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec. Experimental test results from the Verification and Characterization phases of testing are reported to illustrate the behavior of AMR in multiple operational con
25、ditions. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, s
26、ubsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document. 1 GSM 0
27、1.04: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms“. 2 3GPP TR 21.905: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3G Vocabulary“. 3 GSM 03.50: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Transmissi
28、on planning aspects of the speech service in the GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) system“. 4 GSM 06.08: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Half rate speech; Performance characterization of the GSM half rate speech codec“. 5 GSM 06.55: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Performance Character
29、ization of the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 6 GSM 08.60: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; In-band control of remote transcoders and rate adaptors for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) and full rate traffic channels“. 7 GSM 08.61: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; In-band control of remo
30、te transcoders and rate adaptors for half rate traffic channels“. 8 3GPP TSG-RAN: UTRAN Typical Radio Interface Parameter Sets, Version 1.3, August 2000, from the GSM-A. 9 3GPP TS 25.211: “Transport channels and physical channels (FDD)“. 10 3GPP TS 26.101: “Frame Structure“. 11 ITU-T Recommendation
31、G.726: “40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)“. 12 ITU-T Recommendation G.728: “Coding of speech at 16 kbit/s using low-delay code excited linear prediction“. 13 ITU-T Recommendation G.729: “C source code and test vectors for implementation verification of the G.7
32、29 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech coder“. 14 ITU-T Recommendation E.180: “Technical characteristics of tones for the telephone service“. 15 ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1: “Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s“. 16 ITU-T Recommendation Q.23: “Technical feat
33、ures of push-button telephone sets“. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)73GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 133 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) codec: speech and channel
34、 codec capable of operating in a GSM system at gross bit-rates of 11.4 kbit/s (“half-rate“) and 22.8 kbit/s (“full-rate“). In addition, the codec may operate at various combinations of speech and channel coding (codec mode) bit-rates for each channel mode. In UMTS, the AMR speech codec may operate a
35、t one of 8 possible codec modes bit rates The following definitions apply to a GSM Radio Access Network only: Bit-rate change: change of the codec mode bit-rates for a given (HR/FR) channel mode Channel mode: GSM Half-rate or full-rate operation Channel mode adaptation: control and selection of the
36、(FR or HR) channel mode Codec mode: for a given channel mode, the bit partitioning between the speech and channel codecs Codec mode adaptation: control and selection of the codec mode bit-rates Error Patterns: result of offline simulations stored on files. To be used by the “Error Insertion Device“
37、to model the radio transmission from the output of the channel coder and interleaver to the input of the deinterleaver and channel decoder Full-rate (FR): GSM Full-rate channel or GSM channel mode Gross bit-rate: bit-rate of the channel mode selected (22,8 kbit/s or 11,4 kbit/s in GSM) Half-rate (HR
38、): GSM Half-rate channel or GSM channel mode (GSM Radio Access Network Only) In-Band Signaling: signalling for codec mode indication and modification carried within the traffic channel. Out-of-Band Signaling: signalling on the GSM control channels to support link control General definitions: Toll Qu
39、ality: speech quality normally achieved on modern wireline telephones Synonym with “ISDN quality“ in most western countries. Wireline quality: speech quality provided by modern wireline networks. Normally taken to imply quality at least as good as that of 32kbit/s ITU-T Recommendation G.726 11 or IT
40、U-T Recommendation G.728 12 16 kbit/s codecs 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: A/D Analogue to Digital ACR Absolute Category Rating ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate BSC Base Station Controller BTS B
41、ase Transceiver Station C/I Carrier-to-Interfere ratio CI Confidence IntervalCNI Comfort Noise Insertion CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check D/A Digital to Analogue DAT Digital Audio TapeETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)83GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 13DCR Degradation Category Rating DECi Dynam
42、ic Error Condition #i simulating a GSM radio channel with a slowly varying C/I representative of slow fading conditions, under ideal Frequency Hopping in a TU3 multipath propagation profile unless otherwise stated. (9 different Dynamic Error Conditions were used in the AMR GSM Characterization Phase
43、) DSP Digital Signal Processor DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency DTX Discontinuous Transmission for power consumption and interference reduction ECx Error Conditions at x dB C/I simulating a GSM radio channel under static C/I using ideal Frequency Hopping in a TU3 multipath propagation profile EFR Enha
44、nced Full Rate ESP Product of E (Efficiency), S (Speed) and P (Percentage of Power) of the DSP FH Frequency Hopping FR Full Rate (also GSM FR) G.726 ITU 16/24/32kbit/s ADPCM codec G.728 ITU 16kbit/s LD-CELP codec G.729 ITU 8/6.4/11.8 kbit/s speech codec GBER Average gross bit error rate GSM Global S
45、ystem for Mobile communications HR Half Rate (also GSM HR) IRS Intermediate Reference System ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunications Standardization Sector MNRU Modulated Noise Reference Unit Mod. IRS Modified IRS MOPS Million of Operation per Seconds MOS Mean Opinion Score
46、MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile Switching Center Multiple Error Patterns were used during the Characterization tests. They are identified by the propagation Error Conditions from which they are derived. The following conventions are used: PCM Pulse Code Modulation PSTN Public Switched Telecommunication
47、s Network Q Speech-to-speech correlated noise power ratio in dB SD Standard Deviation SID Silence DescriptorSMG Special Mobile Group SNR Signal To Noise Ratio TCH-AFS Traffic CHannel Adaptive Full rate Speech TCH-AHS Traffic CHannel Adaptive Half rate Speech TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TFO Ta
48、ndem Free Operation tMOPS true Million of Operations per Seconds TUx Typical Urban at multipath propagation profile at x km/s VAD Voice Activity Detector wMOPS weighted Million of Operations per Seconds For abbreviations not given in this clause, see GSM 01.04 1 and 3GPP TR 21.905 2. ETSI ETSI TR 12
49、6 975 V13.0.0 (2016-01)93GPP TR 26.975 version 13.0.0 Release 134 General 4.1 Project History Following the standardization of the EFR speech codec, the SMG2 Speech Expert Group (SEG) and especially the SQSG (Speech Quality Strategy Group) were tasked by SMG to study possible strategies for the continuous improvement of the end to end performances of the speech service in GSM networks. SEG was specifically asked to evaluate the opportunity to design a robust Full Rate mode and/or an Enhanced Half Rate mode. The SQSG report, prese
