1、 ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07) Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Performance characterization of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec (3GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15) TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR
2、126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)13GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15Reference RTR/TSGS-0426975vf00 Keywords GSM,LTE,UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif
3、 enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the prese
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9、e GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)23GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if an
10、y, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available o
11、n the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or m
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13、ight to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generatio
14、n Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and
15、ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for
16、the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)33GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15Contents Intellectual Property Rights 2g3Foreword . 2g3Modal verbs terminology 2g3Foreword . 5
17、g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Abbreviations . 7g34 General . 9g34.1 Project History 9g34.2 Overview of the AMR Concept 9g34.3 Functional Description in a GSM System 10g34.4 Presentation of the following sections 12g35 Quality in Clean Speech
18、 and Error Conditions 13g36 Quality under background noise and Errors Conditions 16g37 Performances in Tandeming and with variation of the input speech level . 19g38 Performances with the Codec Adaptation turned on 21g39 VAD/DTX Performances . 23g310 Performances with DTMF tones 24g311 Transparency
19、to Signaling tones 26g312 Performances with special input signals 27g313 Language Dependency . 28g314 Transmission Delay 28g315 Frequency Response . 33g316 Complexity . 34g3Annex A: AMR GSM Characterization Phase Overview 37g3Annex B: AMR Verification Phase Overview . 40g3Annex C: Additional Charact
20、erization Test Results. 41g3Annex D: AMR Performances as a function of FER and RBER . 47g3D.1 Results in Clean Speech in MOS . 48g3D.2 Results in Car Noise . 49g3D.3 Results in Street Noise . 51g3D.4 Results in Office Noise: . 52g3References to Annex D: 53g3Annex E: AMR Characterization in 3G Channe
21、ls 54g3E.1 Overview of the 3G Characterization Phase 54g3E.2 Radio Simulator Parameters . 55g3E.2.1 General . 55g3ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)43GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15E.2.2 Uplink . 55g3E.2.3 Downlink 56g3E.3 AMR 3G Characterization Test Results in Clean Speech 56g3E.4 AMR
22、3G Characterization Test Results in Car Noise 61g3References to Annex E: . 62g3Annex F: Change history 63g3History 64g3ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)53GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15Foreword This Technical Report has been produced by the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). The
23、contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as f
24、ollows: Version x.y.z where: x the first digit: 1 presented to TSG for information; 2 presented to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, e
25、tc. z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)63GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 151 Scope The present document provides background information on the performances of the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) sp
26、eech codec. Experimental test results from the Verification and Characterization phases of testing are reported to illustrate the behavior of AMR in multiple operational conditions. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions o
27、f the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to
28、 a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document. 1 GSM 01.04: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms“. 2 3GPP TR 21.905: “3rd Generat
29、ion Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3G Vocabulary“. 3 GSM 03.50: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Transmission planning aspects of the speech service in the GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) system“. 4 GSM 06.08: “3rd Generat
30、ion Partnership Project; Half rate speech; Performance characterization of the GSM half rate speech codec“. 5 GSM 06.55: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Performance Characterization of the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 6 GSM 08.60: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; In-band cont
31、rol of remote transcoders and rate adaptors for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) and full rate traffic channels“. 7 GSM 08.61: “3rd Generation Partnership Project; In-band control of remote transcoders and rate adaptors for half rate traffic channels“. 8 3GPP TSG-RAN: UTRAN Typical Radio Interface Parameter
32、 Sets, Version 1.3, August 2000, from the GSM-A. 9 3GPP TS 25.211: “Transport channels and physical channels (FDD)“. 10 3GPP TS 26.101: “Frame Structure“. 11 ITU-T Recommendation G.726: “40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM)“. 12 ITU-T Recommendation G.728: “Codin
33、g of speech at 16 kbit/s using low-delay code excited linear prediction“. 13 ITU-T Recommendation G.729: “C source code and test vectors for implementation verification of the G.729 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP speech coder“. 14 ITU-T Recommendation E.180: “Technical characteristics of tones for the telephone
34、service“. 15 ITU-T Recommendation G.723.1: “Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s“. 16 ITU-T Recommendation Q.23: “Technical features of push-button telephone sets“. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)73GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 153 Def
35、initions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) codec: speech and channel codec capable of operating in a GSM system at gross bit-rates of 11.4 kbit/s (“half-rate“) and 22.8 kbit/s (“full-rate“)
36、. In addition, the codec may operate at various combinations of speech and channel coding (codec mode) bit-rates for each channel mode. In UMTS, the AMR speech codec may operate at one of 8 possible codec modes bit rates The following definitions apply to a GSM Radio Access Network only: Bit-rate ch
37、ange: change of the codec mode bit-rates for a given (HR/FR) channel mode Channel mode: GSM Half-rate or full-rate operation Channel mode adaptation: control and selection of the (FR or HR) channel mode Codec mode: for a given channel mode, the bit partitioning between the speech and channel codecs
38、Codec mode adaptation: control and selection of the codec mode bit-rates Error Patterns: result of offline simulations stored on files. To be used by the “Error Insertion Device“ to model the radio transmission from the output of the channel coder and interleaver to the input of the deinterleaver an
39、d channel decoder Full-rate (FR): GSM Full-rate channel or GSM channel mode Gross bit-rate: bit-rate of the channel mode selected (22,8 kbit/s or 11,4 kbit/s in GSM) Half-rate (HR): GSM Half-rate channel or GSM channel mode (GSM Radio Access Network Only) In-Band Signaling: signalling for codec mode
40、 indication and modification carried within the traffic channel. Out-of-Band Signaling: signalling on the GSM control channels to support link control General definitions: Toll Quality: speech quality normally achieved on modern wireline telephones Synonym with “ISDN quality“ in most western countri
41、es. Wireline quality: speech quality provided by modern wireline networks. Normally taken to imply quality at least as good as that of 32kbit/s ITU-T Recommendation G.726 11 or ITU-T Recommendation G.728 12 16 kbit/s codecs 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following ab
42、breviations apply: A/D Analogue to Digital ACR Absolute Category Rating ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate BSC Base Station Controller BTS Base Transceiver Station C/I Carrier-to-Interfere ratio CI Confidence IntervalCNI Comfort Noise Insertion CRC Cyclic Redun
43、dancy Check D/A Digital to Analogue DAT Digital Audio TapeDCR Degradation Category Rating ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)83GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 15DECi Dynamic Error Condition #i simulating a GSM radio channel with a slowly varying C/I representative of slow fading conditions,
44、under ideal Frequency Hopping in a TU3 multipath propagation profile unless otherwise stated. (9 different Dynamic Error Conditions were used in the AMR GSM Characterization Phase) DSP Digital Signal Processor DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency DTX Discontinuous Transmission for power consumption and in
45、terference reduction ECx Error Conditions at x dB C/I simulating a GSM radio channel under static C/I using ideal Frequency Hopping in a TU3 multipath propagation profile EFR Enhanced Full Rate ESP Product of E (Efficiency), S (Speed) and P (Percentage of Power) of the DSP FH Frequency Hopping FR Fu
46、ll Rate (also GSM FR) G.726 ITU 16/24/32kbit/s ADPCM codec G.728 ITU 16kbit/s LD-CELP codec G.729 ITU 8/6.4/11.8 kbit/s speech codec GBER Average gross bit error rate GSM Global System for Mobile communications HR Half Rate (also GSM HR) IRS Intermediate Reference System ITU-T International Telecomm
47、unication Union - Telecommunications Standardization Sector MNRU Modulated Noise Reference Unit Mod. IRS Modified IRS MOPS Million of Operation per Seconds MOS Mean Opinion Score MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile Switching Center Multiple Error Patterns were used during the Characterization tests. They a
48、re identified by the propagation Error Conditions from which they are derived. The following conventions are used: PCM Pulse Code Modulation PSTN Public Switched Telecommunications Network Q Speech-to-speech correlated noise power ratio in dB SD Standard Deviation SID Silence DescriptorSMG Special M
49、obile Group SNR Signal To Noise Ratio TCH-AFS Traffic CHannel Adaptive Full rate Speech TCH-AHS Traffic CHannel Adaptive Half rate Speech TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TFO Tandem Free Operation tMOPS true Million of Operations per Seconds TUx Typical Urban at multipath propagation profile at x km/s VAD Voice Activity Detector wMOPS weighted Million of Operations per Seconds For abbreviations not given in this clause, see GSM 01.04 1 and 3GPP TR 21.905 2. ETSI ETSI TR 126 975 V15.0.0 (2018-07)93GPP TR 26.975 version 15.0.0 Release 1
