1、 ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04) Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Subjective tests on the interoperability of the Half Rate / Full Rate / Enhanced Full Rate (HR/FR/EFR) speech codecs, single, tandem and tandem free operation (3GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14) TE
2、CHNICAL REPORT GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSRETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)13GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14Reference RTR/TSGS-0446085ve00 Keywords GSM ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N
3、 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The c
4、ontent of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable D
5、ocument Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https:/portal.etsi
6、.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https:/portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me
7、chanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunicati
8、ons Standards Institute 2017. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM
9、 logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)23GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to
10、 these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. La
11、test updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI
12、 Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identi
13、ties or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “shoul
14、d not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR
15、146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)33GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14Contents Intellectual Property Rights 2g3Foreword . 2g3Modal verbs terminology 2g3Foreword . 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 6g34 General . 7g35 Testing methodo
16、logy 7g35.1 Phase 1: Investigation under conditions free of environmental noise 8g35.2 Phase 2: Investigation under conditions with far end environmental noise 8g36 Test set-up 9g36.1 Host Lab processing for the evaluation of HR-FR-EFR interoperability (phase 1) . 10g36.2 Error concealment for TCH/F
17、S 11g36.3 Control of codec simulation . 11g36.4 Pre-processing and post-processing procedure . 11g36.5 Conclusion of Phase 1 12g36.6 Host Lab processing for the evaluation of HR-FR-EFR interoperability (phase 2) . 12g36.7 Processing. 13g36.8 Conclusion of Phase 2 13g37 Summary of results . 13g37.1 Q
18、uality under error conditions 13g37.2 Quality under tandeming conditions. 15g37.3 Quality with far end background noise . 17g37.4 Quality enhancement using TFO techniques 22g37.5 Effects of input frequency response . 23g38 Conclusion 23g3Annex A: Bibliography 25g3Annex B: Deliverables to ETSI . 26g3
19、Annex C: Phase 1: Tables of experimental results 27g3Annex D: Phase 2: Tables of experimental results 32g3Annex E: Change history 34g3History 35g3ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)43GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rdGeneratio
20、n Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document reports the subjective testing results concerning the performance of the GSM Half, Full, and Enhanced Full Rate speech codecs (including the estimated advantages obtainable by using Tandem Free Operation) for the simulated digital cellular telecommu
21、nications system. The experimental conditions adopted for this set of tests reflected, as much as possible, “realistic“ mobile-to-mobile connections. The present document will be part of GSM specification series covering the half rate, full rate, and enhanced full rate speech traffic channels (and T
22、FO). The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version nu
23、mber as follows: Version x.y.z where: x the first digit: 1 presented to TSG for information; 2 presented to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, u
24、pdates, etc. z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)53GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 141 Scope The present document contains the results obtained from an internationally co-ordinated subjective
25、evaluation conducted by four laboratories to estimate the performance in mobile-to-mobile connections of the GSM half, full, and enhanced full rate speech codecs (including the expected advantages of the Tandem Free Operation), in case of inter-operability in the digital cellular telecommunications
26、system. These (listening-only) tests did not include the effects of Voice Activity Detector, Comfort Noise Insertion and the Discontinuous Transmission. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. Refer
27、ences are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM d
28、ocument), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same Release as the present document. 1 GSM 01.04: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms“. 2 GSM 06.01: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2
29、+); Full rate speech; Processing functions“. 3 GSM 06.10: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Transcoding“. 4 GSM 06.11: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Substitution and muting of lost frames for full rate speech channel
30、s“. 5 GSM 06.12: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Comfort noise aspect for full rate speech traffic channels“. 6 GSM 06.31: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) for full rate speech traffic
31、 channels“. 7 GSM 06.32: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Voice Activity Detector (VAD)“. 8 GSM 06.02: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Half rate speech processing functions“. 9 GSM 06.06: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Ph
32、ase 2+); Half rate speech; ANSI-C code for the GSM half rate speech codec“. 10 GSM 06.07: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Test sequences for the GSM half rate speech codec“. 11 GSM 06.08: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate spee
33、ch; Performance Characterization of the GSM half rate speech codec“. 12 GSM 06.20: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Half rate speech transcoding“. 13 GSM 06.21: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Substitution and muting
34、of lost frame for half rate speech traffic channels“. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)63GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 1414 GSM 06.22: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Comfort noise aspects for half rate speech traffic channels“. 15 GSM 06.41: “Di
35、gital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) for half rate speech traffic channels“. 16 GSM 06.42: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Voice Activity Detector (VAD) for half rate speech traffic channels“
36、. 17 GSM 06.51: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech coding functions; General description“. 18 GSM 06.53: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); ANSI-C code for the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 19 GSM 06.54: “Digital
37、 cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Test sequences for the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 20 GSM 06.55: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Performance Characterization of the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 21 GSM 06.60: “Digital cellular tel
38、ecommunications system (Phase 2+); Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech transcoding“. 22 GSM 06.61: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Substitution and muting of lost frames for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 23 GSM 06.62: “Digital cellular telecommunications syst
39、em (Phase 2+); Comfort noise aspects for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 24 GSM 06.81: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 25 GSM 06.82: “Digital cellular telecommunications
40、 system (Phase 2+); Voice Activity Detection (VAD) for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions Definition of terms used in the present document can be found in GSM 06 Series. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purpose of the present document, the fol
41、lowing abbreviations apply: BFH Bad Frame Handling BFI Bad Frame Indicator CCITT Comit Consultatif du Tlphone et du Tlgraphe CODEC enCOder + DECoder DL Down-Link DT Deutsch Telekom EFR Enhanced Full Rate EID Error Insertion DeviceEP Error PatternETS European Telecommunication Standard ETSI European
42、Telecommunication Standardization Institute FR Full RateFTP File Transfer Protocol GSM Global System for Mobile communications ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V14.0.0 (2017-04)73GPP TR 46.085 version 14.0.0 Release 14HR Half-Rate IRS Intermediate Reference System ITU International telecommunication Union LAN L
43、ocal Area Network M-IRS Modified Intermediate Reference System PCM Pulse Coded Modulation MNRU Modulated Noise reference Unit SEG Speech Expert Group SMG Special Mobile Group STL Software Tool Library TFO Tandem Free Operation TR Technical Report UFI Unreliable Frame Indicator UIT Union Internationa
44、le des Tlcommunications UL Up-Link For abbreviations not given in this subclause, see GSM 01.04 (ETR 350) 1. 4 General Clause 5 describes the testing methodologies adopted for the internationally co-ordinated subjective evaluation of the interoperability HR-FR-EFR. Clause 6 describes the tools and p
45、rocedures used by the host laboratory to produce the processed speech material (speech was added with environmental noise, when requested by the experimental design). Clause 7 describes the results obtained from the set of tests carried out by four laboratories. Clause 8 describes the conclusions th
46、at can be drawn from the analysis of all data that were produced over the two main phases of testing. 5 Testing methodology A series of internationally co-ordinated subjective listening experiments were carried out in four different laboratories. These experiments were designed to investigate the pe
47、rformance issues surrounding interoperability across the three GSM standards; Full Rate, Half Rate, and Enhanced Full Rate GSM. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the: 1) quality under error conditions for single encodings, providing a baseline when considering the results for tandemed
48、connections; 2) quality under tandem conditions, where all possible tandemings of the three GSM standards are characterised under a range of channel errors; 3) quality with far end background noise, where both single encodings and all possible combinations of the three GSM standards are characterise
49、d under a range of channel errors; 4) quality enhancements through the use of the TFO scheme; 5) differences in perceived quality between the input frequency responses “flat“ and “complying with ITU-T Modified IRS definition“. To investigate these aspects, the testing was split into two phases: - phase 1 investigated all the possible tandem connections between the three GSM standards in environments free of background noise. Also, the potential quality benefits resulting from tandem-free operation were investiga
