1、 ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07) Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Subjective tests on the interoperability of the Half Rate / Full Rate / Enhanced Full Rate (HR/FR/EFR) speech codecs, single, tandem and tandem free operation (3GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15) TE
2、CHNICAL REPORT GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONSRETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)13GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15Reference RTR/TSGS-0446085vf00 Keywords GSM ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N
3、 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The c
4、ontent of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable D
5、ocument Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https:/portal.etsi
6、.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https:/portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or me
7、chanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. ETSI 2018. All rights re
8、served. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTETMare trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GS
9、Mand the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)23GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI
10、. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is availabl
11、e from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000
12、314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which ar
13、e indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Te
14、chnical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI del
15、iverables. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described
16、in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)33GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15Contents Intellectual Property Righ
17、ts 2g3Foreword . 2g3Modal verbs terminology 2g3Foreword . 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Abbreviations . 6g34 General . 7g35 Testing methodology 7g35.1 Phase 1: Investigation under conditions free of environmental noise 8g35.2 Phase 2: Inves
18、tigation under conditions with far end environmental noise 8g36 Test set-up 9g36.1 Host Lab processing for the evaluation of HR-FR-EFR interoperability (phase 1) . 10g36.2 Error concealment for TCH/FS 10g36.3 Control of codec simulation . 11g36.4 Pre-processing and post-processing procedure . 11g36.
19、5 Conclusion of Phase 1 12g36.6 Host Lab processing for the evaluation of HR-FR-EFR interoperability (phase 2) . 12g36.7 Processing. 13g36.8 Conclusion of Phase 2 13g37 Summary of results . 13g37.1 Quality under error conditions 13g37.2 Quality under tandeming conditions. 15g37.3 Quality with far en
20、d background noise . 17g37.4 Quality enhancement using TFO techniques 22g37.5 Effects of input frequency response . 23g38 Conclusion 23g3Annex A: Bibliography 25g3Annex B: Deliverables to ETSI . 26g3Annex C: Phase 1: Tables of experimental results 27g3Annex D: Phase 2: Tables of experimental results
21、 32g3Annex E: Change history 34g3History 35g3ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)43GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document reports the subjective testing results concerning
22、the performance of the GSM Half, Full, and Enhanced Full Rate speech codecs (including the estimated advantages obtainable by using Tandem Free Operation) for the simulated digital cellular telecommunications system. The experimental conditions adopted for this set of tests reflected, as much as pos
23、sible, “realistic“ mobile-to-mobile connections. The present document will be part of GSM specification series covering the half rate, full rate, and enhanced full rate speech traffic channels (and TFO). The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may chang
24、e following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows: Version x.y.z where: x the first digit: 1 presented to TSG for information; 2 presen
25、ted to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc. z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in t
26、he document. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)53GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 151 Scope The present document contains the results obtained from an internationally co-ordinated subjective evaluation conducted by four laboratories to estimate the performance in mobile-to-mobile connections
27、 of the GSM half, full, and enhanced full rate speech codecs (including the expected advantages of the Tandem Free Operation), in case of inter-operability in the digital cellular telecommunications system. These (listening-only) tests did not include the effects of Voice Activity Detector, Comfort
28、Noise Insertion and the Discontinuous Transmission. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) o
29、r non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the sa
30、me Release as the present document. 1 GSM 01.04: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms“. 2 GSM 06.01: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Processing functions“. 3 GSM 06.10: “Digital cellular telecommunications system
31、 (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Transcoding“. 4 GSM 06.11: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Substitution and muting of lost frames for full rate speech channels“. 5 GSM 06.12: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Comfort no
32、ise aspect for full rate speech traffic channels“. 6 GSM 06.31: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Full rate speech; Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) for full rate speech traffic channels“. 7 GSM 06.32: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Voice Activity Detec
33、tor (VAD)“. 8 GSM 06.02: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Half rate speech processing functions“. 9 GSM 06.06: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; ANSI-C code for the GSM half rate speech codec“. 10 GSM 06.07: “Digital ce
34、llular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Test sequences for the GSM half rate speech codec“. 11 GSM 06.08: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Performance Characterization of the GSM half rate speech codec“. 12 GSM 06.20: “Digital cellular
35、telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Half rate speech transcoding“. 13 GSM 06.21: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Substitution and muting of lost frame for half rate speech traffic channels“. 14 GSM 06.22: “Digital cellular telecommunicati
36、ons system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Comfort noise aspects for half rate speech traffic channels“. ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)63GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 1515 GSM 06.41: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Discontinuous Transmission (DT
37、X) for half rate speech traffic channels“. 16 GSM 06.42: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Half rate speech; Voice Activity Detector (VAD) for half rate speech traffic channels“. 17 GSM 06.51: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) spee
38、ch coding functions; General description“. 18 GSM 06.53: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); ANSI-C code for the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 19 GSM 06.54: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Test sequences for the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) s
39、peech codec“. 20 GSM 06.55: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Performance Characterization of the GSM Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec“. 21 GSM 06.60: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech transcoding“. 22 GSM 06.61: “Digit
40、al cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Substitution and muting of lost frames for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 23 GSM 06.62: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Comfort noise aspects for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 24 GSM 06
41、.81: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channels“. 25 GSM 06.82: “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Voice Activity Detection (VAD) for Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech traffic channe
42、ls“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions Definition of terms used in the present document can be found in GSM 06 Series. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purpose of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BFH Bad Frame Handling BFI Bad Frame Indicator CCITT Comit Consultatif du
43、 Tlphone et du Tlgraphe CODEC enCOder + DECoder DL Down-Link DT Deutsch Telekom EFR Enhanced Full Rate EID Error Insertion DeviceEP Error PatternETS European Telecommunication Standard ETSI European Telecommunication Standardization Institute FR Full RateFTP File Transfer Protocol GSM Global System
44、for Mobile communications HR Half-Rate IRS Intermediate Reference System ITU International telecommunication Union LAN Local Area Network M-IRS Modified Intermediate Reference System ETSI ETSI TR 146 085 V15.0.0 (2018-07)73GPP TR 46.085 version 15.0.0 Release 15PCM Pulse Coded Modulation MNRU Modula
45、ted Noise reference Unit SEG Speech Expert Group SMG Special Mobile Group STL Software Tool Library TFO Tandem Free Operation TR Technical Report UFI Unreliable Frame Indicator UIT Union Internationale des Tlcommunications UL Up-Link For abbreviations not given in this subclause, see GSM 01.04 (ETR
46、350) 1. 4 General Clause 5 describes the testing methodologies adopted for the internationally co-ordinated subjective evaluation of the interoperability HR-FR-EFR. Clause 6 describes the tools and procedures used by the host laboratory to produce the processed speech material (speech was added with
47、 environmental noise, when requested by the experimental design). Clause 7 describes the results obtained from the set of tests carried out by four laboratories. Clause 8 describes the conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis of all data that were produced over the two main phases of testing.
48、 5 Testing methodology A series of internationally co-ordinated subjective listening experiments were carried out in four different laboratories. These experiments were designed to investigate the performance issues surrounding interoperability across the three GSM standards; Full Rate, Half Rate, a
49、nd Enhanced Full Rate GSM. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the: 1) quality under error conditions for single encodings, providing a baseline when considering the results for tandemed connections; 2) quality under tandem conditions, where all possible tandemings of the three GSM standards are characterised under a range of channel errors; 3) quality with far end background noise, where both single encodings and all possible combinations of the three GSM standards are characterised under a range of
