1、 ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)Technical Specification Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN);HiperMAN;Physical (PHY) layerETSI ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)2Reference RTS/BRAN-0040001r6 Keywords access, broadband, FWA, HiperMAN, layer 1, MAN, nomadic, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921
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8、S 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 7g33.3 Abbreviations . 8g34 HiperMAN OFDM PHY 9g34.1 O
9、FDM symbol description . 9g34.2 Transmitted signal 10g34.3 Channel coding . 12g34.3.1 Randomization 12g34.3.2 Forward Error Correction (FEC) 13g34.3.2.1 Concatenated Reed-Solomon / Convolutional Code (RS-CC) 13g34.3.2.2 Convolutional Turbo Coding (Optional) . 15g34.3.2.2.1 CTC interleaver . 16g34.3.
10、2.2.2 Determination of CTC circulation states . 17g34.3.2.2.3 CTC puncturing . 17g34.3.3 Interleaving . 17g34.3.4 Modulation 18g34.3.4.1 Data modulation 18g34.3.4.2 Pilot modulation 19g34.3.4.3 Rate ID encodings . 20g34.3.5 Example UL RS-CC Encoding . 20g34.3.5.1 Full bandwidth (16 subchannels) 20g3
11、4.3.5.2 Subchannelization (2 subchannels) . 21g34.3.5.3 Subchannelization (1 subchannel) . 22g34.3.6 Preamble structure and modulation 22g34.3.6.1 Transmission Convergence (TC) sublayer 25g34.4 Frame structures . 25g34.4.1 PMP 25g34.4.1.1 Duplexing modes 25g34.4.1.2 DL frame prefix 28g34.4.1.3 PMP D
12、L subchannelization zone 28g34.4.1.4 PMP-AAS zone . 31g34.4.2 Mesh . 34g34.4.3 Frame duration codes 35g34.5 Control mechanisms . 35g34.5.1 Synchronization 35g34.5.1.1 Network synchronization 35g34.6 Ranging 35g34.6.1 Initial Ranging in AAS systems 38g34.6.2 Bandwidth requesting . 38g34.6.2.1 Paramet
13、er selection . 38g34.6.2.2 Full contention transmission . 40g34.6.2.3 Focused contention transmission 40g34.6.3 Power control 41g34.6.3.1 Closed loop power control 41g34.6.3.2 Open loop power control (optional) 41g34.7 Transmit diversity space-time coding (optional) 43g34.7.1 STC 2X2 . 44g3ETSI ETSI
14、 TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)44.7.1.1 STC 2x2 coding 44g34.7.1.2 STC 2x2 decoding . 45g34.8 Channel quality measurements . 45g34.8.1 Introduction. 45g34.8.2 RSSI mean and standard deviation . 46g34.8.3 CINR mean and standard deviation 47g34.9 Transmitter requirements . 47g34.9.1 Transmitter channel b
15、andwidth. 48g34.9.2 Transmit power level control 48g34.9.2.1 Transmitter spectral flatness 48g34.9.2.2 Transmitter constellation error and test method 48g34.10 Receiver requirements 49g34.10.1 Receiver sensitivity . 49g34.10.2 Receiver adjacent and alternate channel rejection 50g34.10.3 Receiver max
16、imum input signal . 51g34.10.4 Receiver linearity 51g34.11 Frequency and timing requirements . 51g34.12 Parameters and constants 51g35 HiperMAN OFDMA PHY . 52g3History 53g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present docume
17、nt may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of E
18、TSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existen
19、ce of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN). The pres
20、ent document describes the physical layer specifications for High PERformance Radio Metropolitan Area Network (HiperMAN). Separate ETSI documents provide details on the system overview, Data Link Control (DLC) layer, Convergence Layers (CL) and conformance testing requirements for HiperMAN. With per
21、mission of IEEE(on file as BRAN43d016), portions of the present document are excerpted from IEEE Standards 2 and 3. ETSI ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)61 Scope The present document specifies the HiperMAN air interface with the specification layer 1 (physical layer), which can be used to provide Fi
22、xed applications, in frequencies below 11 GHz, and Nomadic and converged Fixed-Nomadic applications, in frequencies below 6 GHz. The present document follows the ISO-OSI model. HiperMAN is confined only to the radio subsystems consisting of the Physical (PHY) layer and the DLC layer - which are both
23、 core network independent - and the core network specific convergence sub-layer. For managing radio resources and connection control, the Data Link Control (DLC) protocol is applied, which uses the transmission services of the DLC layer. Convergence layers above the DLC layer handle the inter-workin
24、g with layers at the top of the radio sub-system. The scope of the present document is as follows: It gives a description of the physical layer for HiperMAN systems. It specifies the transmission scheme in order to allow interoperability between equipment developed by different manufacturers. This i
25、s achieved by describing scrambling, channel coding, modulation, framing, control mechanisms, and power control to assist in radio resource management. It does cover the receiver and transmitter performance requirements which are specific for HiperMAN systems. Some information clauses and annexes de
26、scribe parameters and system models to assist in preparing conformance, interoperability and coexistence specifications. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited ve
27、rsion applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks includ
28、ed in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 1 ETSI TS 102 178: “Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); HiperMAN; Data Li
29、nk Control (DLC) layer“. 2 IEEE 802.16-2004: “IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems“. 3 IEEE 802.16e-2005: “IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broad
30、band Wireless Access Systems - Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1“. 4 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal e
31、quipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R randomizer, forward error correction and interleaving DL-MAP: structured data sequence that defined the mapping of the DL DownLink (DL): direction from BS to SS frequency offset index: index number identifying a particular carrier in an OFDM
32、 signal NOTE: Frequency offset indices may be positive or negative and are counted relative to the DC carrier. full duplex: equipment that is capable of transmitting and receiving at the same time guard time: time at the beginning or end of each burst to allow power ramping up and down half duplex:
33、equipment that cannot transmit and receive at the same time preamble: sequence of symbols with a given auto-correlation property assisting modem synchronization and channel estimation Receive-Transmit Transition Gap (RTG): time to switch from receive to transmit at the BS Subscriber Station (SS): ge
34、neralized equipment consisting of a Subscriber Station Controller and Subscriber Station Transceiver Transmit-Receive Transition Gap (TTG): time to switch from transmit to receive at the BS UL MAP: MAC message scheduling UL bursts UpLink (UL): direction from SS to BS 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of
35、the present document, the following symbols apply: BW Nominal channel bandwidth (MHz) FsaSampling frequency (MHz) cbpsN Number of coded bits per OFDM symbol (on allocated subchannels) FFTN Nominal size of the FFT operator usedN Number of carriers used to transport either data or pilots within a sing
36、le OFDM symbol RosBW over sampling ratio bT Useful OFDM symbol time (s) FT Frame duration (ms) ETSI ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)8gT OFDM symbol guard time or CP time (s) sT OFDM symbol time (s) avg Channel measurement averaging constant f Carrier spacing (Hz) 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes o
37、f the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AAS Adaptive Antenna System AWGN Average White Gaussian Noise BER Bit Error Rate BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BS Base Station BSID Base Station IDentification BW BandWidth CC Convolutional Coding CCH Control subCHannel CID Connection IDent
38、ifierCINR Carrier to Interference Noise Ratio CL Convergence Layer CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio CP Cyclic Prefix CTC Convolutional Turbo Code DC Direct Current DCD Downlink Channel Descriptor DIUC Downlink Interval Usage Code DL DownLink DLC Data Link Control DLFP DownLink Frame Prefix FCH Frame Contr
39、ol Header FDD Frequency Division Duplexing FEC Forward Error Correction FFT Fast Fourier Transform HCS Header Check SequenceH-FDD Half duplex Frequency Division Duplexing IE Information Element IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform LSB least Significant Bit MAC Media Access Control MAN Metropolitan Ar
40、ea Network MSB Most Significant Bit OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access PDU Protocol Data Unit PHY PHYsical PMP Point-to-MultiPoint PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence PS Physical Slot QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QPSK Quadrature
41、Phase Shift Keying REQ REQuest RF Radio Frequency RMS Root Mean Square RS Reed-SolomonRS-CC Reed-Solomon / Convolutional Code RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RTG Receive-Transmit Transition Gap Rx Receive ETSI ETSI TS 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)9SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SS Subscriber StationSS
42、RTG Subscriber Station Receive Transmit Gap STC Space Time Coding TC Transmission Convergence TDD Time Division Duplexing TLV Type Length Value TOs Transmission Opportunities TTG Transmit-receive Transition Gap Tx Transmit UCD Uplink Channel Descriptor UIUC Uplink Interval Usage Code UL UpLink XOR e
43、Xclusive OR 4 HiperMAN OFDM PHY 4.1 OFDM symbol description An OFDM waveform is created by applying an Inverse-Fourier-transform to the source data. The resultant time duration is referred to as the useful symbol time bT . A copy of the last gT s of the useful symbol period, termed Cyclic Prefix (CP
44、), is prepended to enable the collection of multipath at the receiver, without loss of orthogonality between the tones. The resulting waveform is termed the symbol time sT . Figure 1 illustrates this structure. g T b T s T Copy samples Figure 1: OFDM symbol time structure The transmitter energy incr
45、eases with the length of the CP while the receiver energy remains the same (the CP is discarded), so there is a )10log(/)/(1(log10gbgTTT + dB loss in SNR. Using the CP, the samples required for performing the FFT at the receiver can be taken anywhere over the length of the extended symbol. This prov
46、ides multipath immunity as well as a tolerance for symbol time synchronization errors. On system initialization, the Base Station (BS) CP fraction (bgTT / ) shall be set to a specific value for use on the Downlink (DL). Once the BS is operational the CP value shall not be changed. On initialization,
47、 the Subscriber Station (SS) shall search all possible values of CP until it finds the CP being used by the serving BS. The SS shall use the same CP values determined in DL for the UL. Changing the CP value parameter at the BS through (re)initialization forces all SS registered on that BS to re-sync
48、hronize. In the frequency domain, each OFDM symbol is comprised of multiple carriers (see figure 2), which belong to one of three types: Data carriers - for data transmission. Pilot carriers - for channel estimation and other purposes. Null carriers - for guard bands and the DC carrier. ETSI ETSI TS
49、 102 177 V1.5.1 (2010-05)10DC carrier Data carriers Pilot carriers Guard band Channel Guard band Figure 2: OFDM symbol frequency structure 4.2 Transmitted signal Equation 1 specifies the transmitted signal voltage )(ts to the antenna, as a function of time, during any OFDM symbol. ()=2/02/2k2usedusedcRe)(NkkNkTtfkjtfj gceets(1) where: t is the time elapsed since the beginning of the subject OFDM symbol, with 0st T . kC is a complex number; the data to be transmitted on the carrier whose frequency offset index is k , dur
