1、 ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05)Technical Specification Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validationof a fully lined anechoic chamber up to 40 GHzETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 2 Reference DTS/ERM-TG33-063 Keywords measurement
2、 uncertainty, mobile, radio, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual
3、 copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document For
4、mat (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current
5、status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editoretsi.org Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foreg
6、oing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2004. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by
7、 ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights5 Foreword.5 1 Scope 6 2 References 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbrev
8、iations .7 3.1 Definitions7 3.2 Symbols8 3.3 Abbreviations .10 4 Introduction 10 5 Review of verification procedures for an anechoic chamber .11 5.1 Introduction 11 5.2 Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA).12 5.3 NSA in an ideal anechoic chamber.12 5.4 Mutual coupling .12 5.5 Overview of the verificati
9、on procedure13 5.5.1 Apparatus required13 5.5.2 Site preparation.15 5.5.3 Measurement configuration 15 5.5.4 What to record 17 6 Verification procedure18 6.1 Introduction 18 6.2 Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz 18 6.2.1 Direct attenuation18 6.2.2 Radiated attenuation: Horizontal polarization 19 6.2.
10、3 Radiated attenuation: Vertical polarization.22 6.3 Alternative Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz .23 6.4 Procedure 2: 1 GHz to 18 GHz.23 6.4.1 Direct attenuation23 6.4.2 Radiated attenuation: Horizontal polarization 24 6.4.3 Radiated attenuation: Vertical polarization.25 6.5 Procedure 3: 18 GHz to
11、26 GHz.28 6.5.1 Direct attenuation28 6.5.2 Radiated attenuation: Horizontal polarization 28 6.5.3 Radiated attenuation: Vertical polarization.29 6.6 Procedure 4: 26 GHz to 40 GHz.31 6.6.1 Direct attenuation31 6.6.2 Radiated attenuation: Horizontal polarization 31 6.6.3 Radiated attenuation: Vertical
12、 polarization.32 7 Processing the results of the verification procedure.34 7.1 Introduction 34 7.2 Procedure 1: 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz 34 7.2.1 Antenna factors.34 7.2.2 Mutual coupling and mismatch loss correction factors.35 7.2.3 Completion of the results sheet.36 7.3 Procedure 2: 1 GHz to 18 GHz.37 7
13、.3.1 Antenna factors.37 7.3.2 Completion of the results sheet.37 7.4 Procedure 3: 18 GHz to 26 GHz.39 7.4.1 Antenna factors.39 7.4.2 Completion of the results sheet.39 7.5 Procedure 4: 26 GHz to 40 GHz.40 7.5.1 Antenna factors.40 ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 4 7.5.2 Completion of the result
14、s sheet.40 8 Report format .42 9 Evaluation of uncertainty contributions specific to an anechoic chamber .42 9.1 Effects of the metal shielding.42 9.1.1 Resonances .43 9.1.2 Imaging of antennas43 9.2 Effects of the radio absorbing materials .44 9.2.1 Introduction.44 9.2.2 Pyramidal absorbers44 9.2.3
15、 Wedge absorbers.44 9.2.4 Ferrite tiles45 9.2.5 Ferrite grids.45 9.2.6 Urethane/ferrite hybrids45 9.2.7 Floor absorbers .45 9.2.8 Reflection in an anechoic chamber .46 9.2.9 Mutual coupling due to imaging in the absorbing material 47 9.3 Other effects .47 9.3.1 Extraneous reflections.47 9.3.2 Mutual
16、 coupling between antennas (or antenna and EUT).47 9.3.3 Turntable and antenna mounting fixtures .47 9.3.4 Antenna cabling 48 9.3.5 Positioning of the antennas .48 10 Calculation of measurement uncertainty (Procedure 1) 49 10.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement.49 10.2 Uncerta
17、inty contribution, NSA measurement.50 10.3 Expanded uncertainty of the verification procedure.51 11 Calculation of measurement uncertainty (Procedure 2) .52 11.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement.52 11.2 Uncertainty contribution, NSA measurement.53 11.3 Expanded uncertainty of
18、 the verification procedure.54 12 Calculation of measurement uncertainty (Procedure 3) 55 12.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement.55 12.2 Uncertainty contribution, NSA measurement.56 12.3 Expanded uncertainty of the verification procedure.57 13 Calculation of measurement uncert
19、ainty (Procedure 4) 57 13.1 Uncertainty contribution, direct attenuation measurement.57 13.2 Uncertainty contribution, NSA measurement.58 13.3 Expanded uncertainty of the verification procedure.59 14 Summary 59 Annex A (informative): Bibliography.60 History 61 ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 5
20、 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Propert
21、y Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, includ
22、ing IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has
23、 been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 6 1 Scope The present document details verification procedure for anechoic chambers used as test sites for radiated Radio Frequency (RF) testing on radio e
24、quipment and additionally provides the methods for evaluating the associated measurement uncertainties. The present document has been produced in the absence of standardized validation procedures for fully lined anechoic chambers over the current test frequency range of 30 MHz to 40 GHz. The present
25、 document provides validation methods that can be used together with all applicable standards and (E)TRs, supports TR 100 027 10 and may be used in association with TR 100 028 9. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of t
26、he present document. References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. Referenced documents which are not f
27、ound to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. 1 ANSI C63.5 (1988): “Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas“. 2 “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Desig
28、n“, 2nd Edition, Constantine A.Balanis (1996). 3 “Calculation of site attenuation from antenna factors“, A. A. Smith Jr, RF German and J B Pate. IEEE transactions EMC. Vol. EMC 24 pp 301-316, Aug 1982. 4 CISPR 16-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
29、Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus“. 5 CENELEC EN 50147-2 (1996): “Anechoic Chambers - Part 2: Alternative test site suitability with respect to site attenuation“. 6 ETSI TR 102 273-1-1: “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated
30、Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 1: Introduction“. 7 ETSI TR 102 273-1-2: “ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM)
31、; Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 2: Examples and annexes“. 8 The new IEEE standard dictionary of electrical an
32、d electronic terms Fifth edition, IEEE Piscataway, NJ USA (1993). 9 ETSI TR 100 028 (Parts 1 and 2): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics“. 10 ETSI TR 100 027 (V1.2.1): “ElectroMagnetic Compatibili
33、ty and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Methods of measurement for private mobile radio equipment“. ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna: that part of
34、 a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive electromagnetic waves antenna factor: quantity relating to the strength of the field in which the antenna is immersed to the output voltage across the load connected to the antenna NOTE: When properly applied to the meter
35、reading of the measuring instrument, yields the electric field strength in V/m or the magnetic field strength in A/m. antenna gain: ratio of the maximum radiation intensity from an (assumed lossless) antenna to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the same power were radiated isotropica
36、lly by a similarly lossless antenna combined standard uncertainty: combined standard uncertainty is calculated by combining appropriately the standard uncertainties for each of the individual contributions identified in the measurement considered or in the part of it, which has been considered confi
37、dence level: probability of the accumulated error of a measurement being within the stated range of uncertainty of measurement correction factor: numerical factor by which the uncorrected result of a measurement is multiplied to compensate for an assumed systematic error directivity: ratio of the ma
38、ximum radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions (i.e. directivity = antenna gain + losses) expanded uncertainty: expanded uncertainty is the uncertainty value corresponding to a specific confidence level different from that inhe
39、rent to the calculations made in order to find the combined standard uncertainty free field: field (wave or potential) which has a constant ratio between the electric and magnetic field intensities free space: region free of obstructions and characterized by the constitutive parameters of a vacuum i
40、sotropic radiator: hypothetical, lossless antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions measurand: quantity subject to measurement polarization: for an electromagnetic wave, the figure traced as a function of time by the extremity of the electric vector at a fixed point in space random
41、uncertainty: component of the uncertainty of measurement which, in the course of a number of measurements of the same measurand, varies in an unpredictable way NOTE: (to be considered as a component for the calculation of the combined uncertainty when the effects it corresponds to have not been take
42、n into consideration otherwise). shielded enclosure: structure that protects its interior from the effects of an exterior electric or magnetic field or conversely, protects the surrounding environment from the effect of an interior electric or magnetic field standard uncertainty: expression characte
43、rizing, for each individual uncertainty component, the uncertainty for that component NOTE: It is the standard deviation of the corresponding distribution. ETSI ETSI TS 102 321 V1.1.1 (2004-05) 8 systematic uncertainty: component of the uncertainty of measurement which, in the course of a number of
44、measurements of the same measurand remains constant or varies in a predictable way uncertainty (limits of uncertainty of a measuring instrument): extreme values of uncertainty permitted by specifications, regulations etc. for a given measuring instrument NOTE: This term is also known as “tolerance“.
45、 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: 2/ (radians/m) incidence angle with ground plane () wavelength (m) Hphase angle of reflection coefficient () 120 - the intrinsic impedance of free space permeability (H/m) AFRAntenna Factor of the receive antenna (dB
46、/m) AFTAntenna Factor of the transmit antenna (dB/m) AFTOTmutual coupling correction factor (dB) c calculated on the basis of given and measured data Ccrosscross correlation coefficient d derived from a measuring equipment specification D(,) directivity of the source d distance between dipoles (m) s
47、kin depth (m) d1an antenna or EUT aperture size (m) d2an antenna or EUT aperture size (m) ddirpath length of the direct signal (m) dreflpath length of the reflected signal (m) E Electric field intensity (V/m) EDHmaxcalculated maximum electric field strength in the receiving antenna height scan from
48、a half wavelength dipole with 1 pW of radiated power (for horizontal polarization) (V/m) EDVmaxcalculated maximum electric field strength in the receiving antenna height scan from a half wavelength dipole with 1 pW of radiated power (for vertical polarization) (V/m) effantenna efficiency factor angl
49、e () f bandwidth (Hz) f frequency (Hz) G(,) gain of the source (which is the source directivity multiplied by the antenna efficiency factor) H magnetic field intensity (A/m) I0the (assumed constant) current (A) Imthe maximum current amplitude k 2/ k a factor from Students t distribution k Boltzmanns constant (1,38 x 10-23 Joules/ Kelvin) K relative dielectric constant l the length of the infinitesimal dipole (m) L the overall length of the dipole (m) l the point on the dipole being considered (m) m measured p powe
