1、 ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07)Technical Specification Telecommunications and Internet converged Services andProtocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN);Analysis of Location Information Standardsproduced by various SDOsETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 2 Reference DTS/TISPAN-03048-EMTEL Keyword
2、s Emergency, location ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the
3、present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In c
4、ase of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this
5、and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as author
6、ized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the
7、benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights6 Foreword.6 Introduction 6 1 Scope 8 2 References 8 2.1 Normative references .8 2.2
8、Informative references10 3 Definitions and abbreviations.11 3.1 Definitions11 3.2 Abbreviations .13 4 Introduction 16 4.1 Emergency Response Principles.16 4.2 One emergency call number.16 4.3 Service specific emergency call numbers.17 4.4 Use of the Location Information 18 4.4.1 Call routing .18 4.4
9、.2 Dispatching.19 4.4.3 Locating 19 4.5 Location Information19 4.5.1 Geodetic locating information 20 4.5.1.1 X and Y coordinates20 4.5.1.2 Z coordinate 20 4.5.2 Civic locating information 21 4.6 Coding principles for location information 22 4.6.1 Specific field definitions.22 4.6.2 Rigorously struc
10、tured field definitions .23 4.6.3 Loosely structured field definitions 25 4.6.4 Comparison of field definitions 26 4.7 Conversion of location information26 4.7.1 Geodetic to map26 4.7.2 Geodetic to area 26 4.7.3 Geodetic to civic .27 4.7.4 Civic to geodetic .27 4.7.5 Civic to map and civic to area.2
11、7 5 Categories of impact on location information27 5.1 Mobility27 5.2 UE attachment 28 5.3 CPN Architecture .28 5.4 Location information32 6 Cascading networks33 6.1 Direct attachment to NGN access networks .33 6.2 Attachment of an NGCN to an access network34 6.3 Cascaded NGCN 35 6.4 Location acquis
12、ition protocol and Proxy LIS querying35 6.5 The problem of the tunnel 37 7 Handling of emergency sessions in 3GPP38 7.1 Architecture38 7.2 User equipment (UE)38 7.2.1 Requirements 38 7.2.2 Emergency session establishment request 39 7.3 IMS Functional entities 39 ETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
13、 4 7.3.1 Proxy Call Server Control Function (P-CSCF).39 7.3.2 Emergency Call Server Control Function (E-CSCF)40 7.3.3 Location Retrieval Function (LRF) 40 7.4 Procedures for IMS Emergency Services (Overview)41 7.4.1 Procedures without Location Retrieval Function (LRF).41 7.4.2 Procedures involving t
14、he Location Retrieval Function (LRF)41 7.4.3 Acquiring location information from the UE and/or the network.42 8 The IETF, NENA, ATIS Approach43 8.1 Abstract 43 8.2 Introduction/Executive Summary.43 8.3 NENA i2 Architecture44 8.4 Location Determination in Broadband Access Networks.44 8.5 LIS Operatio
15、nal Considerations .45 8.6 Location Acquisition Protocols 46 8.7 Location Parameter Conveyance47 9 Comparison between 3GPP and NENA.47 10 Developments in Europe (EU) .47 10.1 The CGALIES survey - Excerpt from Final Report.48 10.1.1 Type of areas.48 10.1.2 Type of information48 10.1.3 Use of the Loca
16、tion Information.49 10.1.4 Accuracy.49 10.2 Developments in the UK 49 10.2.1 Background.49 10.2.2 Progress 50 10.3 Developments in Germany (Core IMS Emergency Calling Architecture).50 10.3.1 Introduction.50 10.3.2 Description of the DT Core IMS Emergency Calling Architecture (for DSL-access)51 10.3.
17、2.1 Step 1 51 10.3.2.2 Step 2 52 10.3.3 Proposal for a Harmonized International Emergency Calling Architecture (NENA i2, 3GPP IMS and DT Core IMS)53 10.3.4 Additional Requirements to the TISPAN Emergency Calling Architecture.54 10.3.4.1 NENA i2 architecture drawbacks54 10.3.4.2 Requirements to the T
18、ISPAN Emergency Calling Architecture .55 11 Developments in North America55 12 Developments in Australia .55 12.1 Location information options .55 12.2 Supplementary comments on the options.56 12.3 Potential barriers to adoption56 12.4 The role of the access network(s).57 12.4.1 The NGN access netwo
19、rk .57 12.4.2 The NGCN access network.57 12.5 Alignment of activity with International Standards Developments58 13 Developments in the Far East.58 13.1 Developments in Japan.58 13.1.1 Introduction.58 13.1.2 Emergency numbers .59 13.1.3 IP Telephony Requirements for Emergency Calls59 13.1.3.1 Basic r
20、equirements59 13.1.3.2 Acquiring and presenting geographical location information .60 13.1.4 Japanese address code for location information61 13.2 Other developments62 14 Problems solved and unsolved .62 14.1 Problems solved .62 14.1.1 NGCN with Location Acquisition Protocol62 14.1.2 Cascading netwo
21、rks 63 ETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 5 14.1.3 Geodetic or civic location information .63 14.1.4 Conversions from geodetic to civic addresses are country specific63 14.1.5 From TDM based to IP based NGN emergency communication .63 14.2 Problems unsolved .64 14.2.1 GNSS receipt inside building
22、s or tunnels .64 14.2.2 “Tree and Branch“ scenarios.64 14.2.3 VPN tunnels64 14.2.4 Accuracy of location information in the LIS 64 Annex A (informative): Recommendation of the Commission (2003/558/EC) .65 A.1 Considerata.65 A.2 Recommendation66 Annex B (informative): List of Technology Recommendation
23、s .68 B.1 Location information format 68 B.2 Location information acquisition protocol .68 B.3 Signalling/transfer of location information 68 B.4 Related Conventions/Standards68 Annex C (informative): URLs and References 69 C.1 Organizations .69 C.2 Documents69 Annex D (informative): Location determ
24、ination without GNSS70 D.1 Self-Organizing position determination in Ad-Hoc networks70 D.1.1 Step 1 - Time synchronization70 D.1.2 Step 2 - Local coordinate system70 D.1.3 Step 3 - Network coordinate system.72 D.1.4 The anchor and the seed .74 D.1.5 Bibliography for annex D.76 D.2 WLAN Positioning S
25、ystem76 D.2.1 System Operation .76 D.2.2 Application.77 D.2.3 Key Differences77 D.2.3.1 Cost and Simplicity.77 D.2.3.2 Availability .77 D.2.3.3 Reliability .78 D.2.3.4 Accuracy.78 D.2.3.5 Speed 78 D.2.3.6 Hybrid Operation78 D.2.4 Note of Caution!.78 Annex E (informative): Bibliography.79 History 80
26、ETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in
27、 ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ET
28、SI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Forewor
29、d This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN). Introduction The present document has been produced by an ETSI STF co-funded by EC/EFTA to examine the work of various
30、Standards Development Organizations worldwide in developing and implementing protocols for the transmission of location information over telecommunications networks for use in establishing the location of users of the emergency calling facilities. In order to effectively deliver emergency services t
31、o the location of a reported incident, it is essential for the emergency response organization to have timely and accurate information that enables them to correctly identify the location of the incident. The ability to initiate an emergency communication to summon help when needed is regarded by th
32、e European Commission as a right of all citizens and this ability should ideally be independent of the network and access technologies deployed or the physical abilities of the citizen. The rights of individual users to privacy shall be adhered to according to European regulations and it is therefor
33、e essential that all information derived from emergency calls shall only be used for management of the related incident. If applied to non-emergency calls, the use of caller location information for commercial purposes may also be subject to European or national regulation. In many circumstances, ci
34、tizens reporting an incident requiring urgent assistance are unable to provide the emergency service with accurate information about the location of the emergency. This may be due either due to the nature of the emergency, the callers lack of local knowledge, their disabilities or lack of linguistic
35、 ability, etc. Young children or cognitively impaired people may not have the language skills to explain their location, speech and/or hearing impaired users may not be able to use voice terminals, visually impaired or otherwise disabled people may not be able to use text terminals, elderly or confu
36、sed people may not be able to use any form of terminal, etc. For these significantly large categories of users the successful outcome of an emergency call could make the difference between life and death. It is therefore essential for the emergency responders to be provided with accurate location in
37、formation via an automated process based on the communications network being used by the caller. Implementation of caller location systems is also likely to result a welcome positive impact on the reduction of malicious calls made by criminal or anti-social persons when they realize that the automat
38、ic provision of their location information to the emergency services could enable their almost instant apprehension. The present document should be read in conjunction with TS 102 660 19 which reports on the Signalling Requirements and Signalling Architecture for Supporting the Various Location Info
39、rmation Protocols for Emergency Service on a NGN. The object of this work was to determine what, if any, standards existed and had been adopted for signalling details of an emergency callers location, in order to assist in the response to emergency calls. It should be recognized that in the present
40、document all references implying that 911 is the common emergency calling number are used only to identify pre-existing work and as part of the titles of other documents. The mandated common European emergency number is 112 with many countries also operating national numbers in parallel. ETSI ETSI T
41、S 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 7 The present document does not contain a fully detailed technical analysis of location information standards but concentrates on the background information and the ongoing activities by the various standards bodies in different regions. It should be borne in mind that the
42、 document is intended to be focussed on what EC/EFTA wanted from their contract, essentially to understand what the work is and what needs to be done. It is for TISPAN to do the in depth analysis and produce the detailed technical recommendations. ETSI ETSI TS 102 650 V1.1.1 (2008-07) 8 1 Scope The
43、present document represents an analysis of the work done by various ETSI work groups and other standards bodies worldwide on the acquisition and transmission of caller location information in various communications network types. It also contains information about the protocols used and of any known
44、 deployments for the location of users making emergency calls. It is not intended to examine the detailed workings of the protocols described or their possible use in other communications network types. The document does not mandate any new requirements but does report on the normative requirements
45、from other standards and regulatory bodies. It also refers, in part, to operating methods and national regulations in various jurisdictions but does not intend to endorse these as requirements. The hypothetical accuracy of the caller location and the accuracy achieved by the assessing methods are al
46、so documented. Alternative methods for the coding of the emergency location information are also examined. The present document also indicates a number of scenarios where location information may not be available or may be inaccurate to various degrees and may suggest solutions for improvement. 2 Re
47、ferences References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
48、 cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbo
49、x.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this cl
