1、 ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)Technical Specification Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Expanded measurement uncertaintyfor the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fieldsETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)2Reference DTS/ERM-TG27-012 Keywords measurement uncertain
2、ty, radio, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the pre
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6、d by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM
7、and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Introducti
8、on 6g31 Scope 8g32 References 8g32.1 Normative references . 8g32.2 Informative references 10g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 11g33.1 Definitions 11g33.2 Symbols 13g33.3 Abbreviations . 14g34 Measurement uncertainty . 14g34.1 Introduction 14g34.2 Measurement uncertainty . 15g35 Applicatio
9、n of expanded measurement uncertainty to specification limits 15g35.1 Introduction 15g35.2 Development of the “shared risk“ concept . 15g35.3 Shared risk, the new approach 16g35.3.1 Maximum acceptable expanded measurement uncertainty . 16g35.3.2 Guidance on compliance assessment when expanded measur
10、ement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable expanded uncertainty . 17g35.3.3 Strength and weaknesses of the “shared risk“ approach . 18g35.4 Assessment for market surveillance and enforcement 18g35.4.1 Market surveillance. 18g35.4.2 Enforcement 18g35.5 Interpretation of EMF test re
11、sults in CENELEC standards 18g36 Void 18g37 The role of calibration in measurement uncertainty . 18g37.1 Introduction to calibration 18g37.2 Test site calibration 19g37.2.1 Calibration of OATS . 19g37.2.2 Calibration of semi-anechoic rooms . 19g37.2.3 Calibration of fully lined anechoic rooms . 20g3
12、7.2.4 Calibration and minimum requirements for test sites for measurements above 18 GHz 20g37.3 Antenna calibration 21g37.4 Test equipment calibration . 21g37.5 Automated test system calibration 22g38 Recommended maximum expanded measurement uncertainties for RF electromagnetic field measurements .
13、22g38.1 Introduction 22g38.2 Substitution measurement methods 22g38.2.1 Frequency Error and Frequency Drift . 22g38.2.2 Effective radiated power (e.r.p.) and equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) 23g38.2.2.1 Measurements in the frequency range above 66 GHz (e.i.r.p.) . 23g38.2.2.2 Conve
14、rsion loss data and expanded measurement uncertainty for measurements above 66 GHz (e.i.r.p.) 25g38.2.3 Radiated unwanted emissions in the spurious domain 26g38.2.3.1 Measurements in the frequency range between 30 MHz and 1 GHz (radiated) 26g38.2.3.2 Measurements in the frequency range between 1 GHz
15、 and 66 GHz (radiated) 26g38.2.3.3 Measurements in the frequency range above 66 GHz (radiated) 27g38.2.4 Low power radio wanted emission measurements (radiated) . 27g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)48.2.5 Radiated transient power 28g38.2.6 Receiver sensitivity (radio) . 28g38.2.7 Receiver 2-si
16、gnal or multiple signal measurements (radiated) . 29g38.3 Single measurement methods . 30g38.3.1 Radiated emissions (EMC) . 30g38.3.2 Radiated immunity (EMC) . 30g39 Controlling measurement uncertainty 30g39.1 Introduction 30g39.2 Void 30g39.3 Void 30g39.4 Void 30g39.5 Design and validation of appro
17、priate test sites . 31g39.6 Void 31g39.7 Validation of test methods 31g39.8 Test instrumentation . 32g39.9 Documentation . 32g3Annex A (informative): History of the “shared risk“ concept . 33g3A.1 Reporting and interpretation of the measurement results . 33g3Annex B (informative): Examples of measur
18、ement uncertainty calculations. 36g3B.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) (Substitution method) anechoic room . 37g3B.2 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) (Substitution method) OATS 39g3B.3 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) (Pre-Substitution method a
19、bove 1 GHz), effective radiated power (e.r.p.) (Pre-Substitution method below 1 GHz) anechoic room 41g3B.4 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) (Pre-Substitution method above 1 GHz), effective radiated power (e.r.p.) (Pre-Substitution method below 1 GHz) OATS . 43g3B.5 Radiated field s
20、trength (EMC) . 45g3Annex C (informative): Void . 48g3Annex D (informative): Measurement Uncertainty contributions . 49g3D.1 Reflectivity . 50g3D.2 Mutual coupling . 51g3D.3 Range length . 55g3D.4 Corrections . 57g3D.5 Radio frequency cables 58g3D.6 Phase centre positioning . 59g3D.7 Ambient signals
21、 61g3D.8 Mismatch 62g3D.9 Signal generator 64g3D.10 Insertion losses . 64g3D.11 Antennas . 65g3D.12 Receiving device 66g3D.13 Random uncertainty . 67g3D.14 Summary, tables and figures 68g3Annex E (informative): Broadband Systems (BW 10 MHz) . 72g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)5Annex F (inform
22、ative): Overview of new standards at EHF frequencies using radiated measurements . 73g3Annex G (informative): Bibliography . 74g3History 75g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)6Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ET
23、SI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is availa
24、ble from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000
25、314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction The present docume
26、nt has been produced in response to the need for expanded measurement uncertainty information, and to determine practical maximum frequency of measurement which is also cost effective for manufacturers self declaration as well as for test laboratories offering certification testing. In metrology the
27、 term “measurement uncertainty“ is nearly always associated with the simple standard deviation (). In the case that a different confidence interval is used, the term “Expanded Measurement Uncertainty“ is used, stating the associated expansion factor, see EA-4/02 19. Considerable work on radio test m
28、ethods and expanded measurement uncertainty up to 1 GHz has previously been undertaken by ETSI to determine the contributions to the calculation of measurement uncertainty and these have been published in TR 100 028 1 and 2 and TR 102 273 3 to 10. However, more and more ETSI standards and norms are
29、generated for radio devices operating at higher frequencies as far as 100 GHz or even higher. The expanded measurement uncertainty values have been included based on new information on state-of-the-art measurements for expanded measurement uncertainty for measurements at higher frequencies, also tak
30、ing into account new work in ERM for radio applications at EHF frequencies. The changing role of regulation due to the implementation of the Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (R radiated unwanted emissions in the spurious domain; and EMC radiated emissions. The maximum frequency specif
31、ications are based upon current capabilities of measurement equipment at April 2011 and the ability to calculate expanded measurement uncertainty from traceable calibration certificates. Frequencies above the specified maximum frequency for each method of measurement are for further study. A specifi
32、cation is given on how to apply the laboratory calculated expanded measurement uncertainty to a measured parameter and to assess the quality of the measurement against a defined limit given in a standard. In determining the maximum acceptable expanded measurement uncertainty, particular account has
33、been taken of current methods of measurement already identified in ETSI standards. However where there is an inconsistency, or uncertainties that have not previously been taken into account in the uncertainty budgets, these are clearly identified in the relevant clauses. Fixed link microwave methods
34、 of measurement do not use radiated measurements except for EMC and antennae characteristics testing. All other measurements are performed using conducted measurements. Therefore they are considered not to be covered by the present document. However, as new technologies with integral antennas are be
35、ing developed, this may be reviewed in a future edition. Satellite equipment is not covered by the present document; however, this may be reviewed in a future edition. The expanded measurement uncertainty for conducted measurements is not covered by the present document. The use of a test jig for ra
36、diated RF measurements of integral antenna radio equipment is not covered by the present document. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non
37、-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were
38、 valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. NOTE: Specifications to provide policy on the evaluation and reporting of expanded measurement unc
39、ertainty for testing and calibration laboratories are laid down in several reference documents, some examples of them being listed in annex H of the present document. 1 ETSI TR 100 028-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radi
40、o equipment characteristics; Part 1“. ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)92 ETSI TR 100 028-2: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Part 2“. 3 ETSI TR 102 273-1-1 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic comp
41、atibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part 1: Introduction“. 4 ETSI TR 102 273-
42、1-2 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 1: Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics; Sub-part
43、2: Examples and annexes“. 5 ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber“. 6 ETSI TR 102 273-3 (V1.
44、2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 3: Anechoic chamber with a ground plane“. 7 ETSI TR 102 273-4 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compati
45、bility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 4: Open area test site“. 8 ETSI TR 102 273-5 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improv
46、ement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 5: Striplines“. 9 ETSI TR 102 273-6 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test sit
47、e) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 6: Test fixtures“. 10 ETSI TR 102 273-7 (V1.2.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement u
48、ncertainties; Part 7: Artificial human beings“. 11 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) and validation of a fu
49、lly lined anechoic chamber up to 40 GHz“. 18 ETSI EN 301 489-1: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements“. ETSI ETSI TS 103 051 V1.1.1 (2011-08)1019 EA-4/02: “Expression of the Uncertainty of Measurement in Calibration“, European co-operation for Accreditation, December 1999 (previously EAL-R2). 20 ETSI TS 103 052: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radiated measure
