1、 ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11) Environmental Engineering (EE); Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of ICT equipment, networks and services; General methodology and common requirements Technical Specification ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)2Reference DTS/EE-00014 Keywords ICT, LCA, methodology, netw
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6、ritten permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LT
7、E are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Introduction 6g3
8、1 Scope 8g32 References 8g32.1 Normative references . 8g32.2 Informative references 8g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Abbreviations . 12g34 General Description 14g34.1 Compliance to the present document 14g34.2 Comparisons of results . 14g35 Methodological framework 14g3
9、5.1 General requirements . 14g35.1.1 Life cycle stages . 15g35.1.2 Handling of software 15g35.1.3 Operating Lifetime 16g35.2 Goal and Scope definition 16g35.2.1 Functional unit 16g35.2.1.1 General 16g35.2.1.2 ICT equipment 17g35.2.1.3 Networks . 17g35.2.1.4 Services . 17g35.2.2 System boundaries 17g
10、35.2.2.1 General 17g35.2.2.1.1 The use of unit processes . 20g35.2.2.2 ICT equipment 22g35.2.2.2.1 General 22g35.2.2.2.2 Equipment Raw materials acquisition . 22g35.2.2.2.3 Production . 22g35.2.2.2.4 Use . 24g35.2.2.2.5 End-of-life treatment (EoLT) 25g35.2.2.3 Networks . 26g35.2.2.4 Services . 27g35
11、.2.3 Cut-off rules 27g35.2.4 Data Quality Requirements . 28g35.2.4.1 General 28g35.2.4.2 Specific requirements on data and data sources 29g35.3 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 30g35.3.1 Data collection 30g35.3.1.1 General 30g35.3.1.2 Energy consumption during use stage . 31g35.3.2 Data calculation 31g35.
12、3.3 Allocation of data . 31g35.3.3.1 General 31g35.3.3.1.1 Allocation rules for generic processes . 31g35.3.3.1.2 Allocation rules for allocation of support activities between projects/product systems 31g35.3.3.1.3 Allocation rules for facility data 32g35.3.3.1.4 Allocation rules for transports . 32
13、g35.3.3.1.5 Allocation rules for recycling 32g35.3.3.2 ICT equipment 32g35.3.3.3 Network . 32g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)45.3.3.4 Services . 33g35.4 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 33g35.5 Life Cycle Interpretation 35g35.5.1 General 35g35.5.2 Uncertainty . 36g35.5.3 Sensitivity analys
14、is . 36g35.6 Comparative LCA between ICT and reference product systems 36g36 Reporting 37g36.1 General . 37g36.2 ICT equipment 38g36.2.1 Total result 38g36.2.2 System boundaries 40g36.2.2.1 Life cycle stages, unit processes and generic processes 40g36.2.2.3 Raw material acquisition . 40g36.2.2.4 Pro
15、duction . 40g36.2.2.5 Use 41g36.2.2.6 EoLT . 41g36.2.3 LCI results 41g36.3 Network 41g36.3.1 Total result 41g36.4 Services 43g36.4.1 Total result 43g37 Critical review 45g3Annex A (normative): Generic processes . 46g3Annex B (normative): Part types and Assembly unit processes 47g3Annex C (normative)
16、: EoLT processes 49g3Annex D (normative): List of Raw materials . 50g3Annex E (normative): List of elementary flows in LCA of ICT 52g3Annex F (normative): Reporting formats 55g3Annex G (normative): Support activities . 62g3Annex H (informative): Life cycle stages overview 63g3Annex I (informative):
17、Examples of Equipment and black box modules 64g3I.1 End-user Equipment . 64g3I.2 CPE. 64g3I.3 Network site Equipment (from base station sites to data centres) 64g3I.4 Examples of ICT specific black box modules 65g3I.5 Site support Equipment 65g3Annex J (informative): Examples of Networks and Network
18、 Equipment 66g3Annex K (informative): Uncertainties of Life Cycle Assessments for ICT Equipment, networks and services 67g3K.1 General . 67g3K.2 Some important uncertainty sources for different life 68g3Annex L (informative): Opportunities and limitations in the use of LCA for ICT Equipment, Network
19、s and Services . 69g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)5Annex M (informative): Example of data quality indicators 71g3Annex N (informative): Examples of Allocation Procedures 72g3N.1 Examples for Allocation Procedures for Recycling of Materials . 72g3N.1.1 Example of the 100/0 and 0/100 methods 7
20、2g3N.1.2 Example of the 50/50 method and combination of 100/0 and 50/50 73g3Annex O (informative): Examples of application of the present document 74g3O.1 General . 74g3O.2 Radio Base Station . 74g3O.3 Mobile phone 90g3O.4 Networks 106g3O.4.1 Fibre To The Home 106g3O.4.2 3G mobile network of operato
21、r 121g3O.5 Services 130g3O.5.1 Video conference 130g3O.5.1 An ICT logistic service based on static positioning using a 3G mobile network and its reduction potential 146g3Annex P (informative): Summary of recommendations and options 153g3Annex Q (informative): Bibliography . 154g3History 155g3ETSI ET
22、SI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)6Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR
23、000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investi
24、gation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specific
25、ation (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE). Introduction Environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a system analytical method and model by which the potential environmental effects related to ICT Equipment, Networks, and Services can be estimated. LCAs
26、 have a cradle-to-grave scope where the life cycle stages, i.e. raw material acquisition, production, use, and end-of-life are included. Transports and energy supply are moreover included in each life-cycle stage. ISO has standardized the LCA methodology. In the present document, ICT specific additi
27、ons to the ISO 14040 1 and ISO 14044 2 standards will be described. As addition to the ISO 14040 1 and ISO 14044 2 standards, the European Commission has published a handbook that gives detailed guidance on all the steps required to conduct an LCA i.2. This handbook will also be referred to with spe
28、cial ICT considerations in mind. The present document will help LCA practitioners to perform and report their LCAs of ICT Equipment, Networks and Services in a uniform and transparent manner. It is possible to use the present document to get guidance on what to consider in an LCA on three levels: IC
29、T Equipment, Networks, and Services. The following ICT LCA applications are the most frequently used ones, but others may be identified and used as well: Assessment of product system environmental loadings. Assessment of primary energy consumption. Identification of life cycle stages with high signi
30、ficance. Comparisons of specific ICT Equipment, Networks, or Services. ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)7The structure of this LCA methodology specification for ICT Equipment, Networks, and Services is shown in Figure 1. GoalandscopedefinitionGeneralrequirementsLifeCycle Inventory(LCI)LifeCycle
31、ImpactAssessment(LCIA)LifeCycleInterpretationComparative assertion betweenICT and non-ICT servicesReportingEquipmentNetworkServicesFigure 1: Structure of LCA methodology specification for ICT Equipment,Networks and Services In accordance with ISO 14040 1 and ISO 14044 2, the present document consist
32、s of the following parts: General requirements: High level requirements of LCAs. Goal and scope definition: Requirements on functional unit, system boundaries and data quality. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI): Requirements on data collection, calculation and allocation. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA
33、): Requirements on impact categories. Life Cycle Interpretation: Requirements on interpretation of results. Comparative Assertion between ICT and reference product systems. Reporting: Requirements on reporting. All applicable parts are then divided into the three main applicable product system categ
34、ories; ICT Equipment, Networks, and Services. ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)81 Scope The present document aims to: harmonize the LCAs of ICT Equipment, Networks and Services; increase the quality of the LCA by adding ICT specific requirements to those of ISO 14040 1 and ISO 14044 2; facilitat
35、e communication of LCAs of ICT Equipment, Networks and Services; increase the credibility of LCAs of ICT Equipment, Networks and Services. While recognizing ISO 14040 1 and ISO 14044 2 as normative references, the present document establishes generic and specific requirements for LCA of ICT Equipmen
36、t, Networks and Services. The present document is valid for all types of Equipment which is/could be part of a Network including end-user Equipment. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific r
37、eferences, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE:
38、 While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 1 ISO 14040 (2006): “Environmental management -
39、Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework“. 2 ISO 14044 (2006): “Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and guidelines“. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the use
40、r with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.1.1): “Environmental Engineering (EE) Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment“. i.2 European Commission Joint Research Centre (2011) International Reference Life Cycle Data (ILCD) System Handbook: “General Guide for L
41、ife Cycle Assessment - Detailed Guidance“. 1stedn., Dictus Publishing (17 June 2011). i.3 European Commission Joint Research Centre (2011) International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook: “Framework and Requirements for Life Cycle Impact Assessment Models and Indicators“. 1st edn. Dic
42、tus Publishing (17 June 2011). i.4 ETSI ES 202 336-1: “Environmental Engineering (EE);Monitoring and Control Interface for Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in Telecommunication Networks) Part 1: Generic Interface“. ETSI ETSI TS 103 199 V1.1.1 (2011-11)93
43、 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14040 1, ISO 14044 2, the ILCD Handbook, Table 1 i.2 and the following apply. active area: area of the display or touch panel which is useful for touch or viewing black box
44、 module: device, system or object which can be viewed solely in terms of its input, output and transfer characteristics without any knowledge of its internal workings NOTE: In this context the black box module may consist of several part categories such as integrated circuits, mechanics, cables etc,
45、 e.g. a power module on a PCBA. commercial lifetime: time the equipment is owned before a new one is bought to replace it (often used to estimate lifetime for consumer products) Customer-Premises Equipment (CPE): any terminal and associated ICT Equipment located at a subscribers premises and connect
46、ed with a carriers telecommunication channel(s) at the NTPs CPE covers also home office equipment cut-off: amount of energy or material flow or the level of environmental significance associated with unit processes or product system excluded from the study NOTE: Unit processes excluded from the stud
47、ied product system in an LCA. data gap: LCI flows excluded from a unit process within the studied product system depreciation time: time during which a (new) revenue-generating asset reaches its residual economic value NOTE: Legal lifetime. end-user equipment: any device that can connect to CPE or N
48、etworks EXAMPLE: Laptop, mobile phone. NOTE: See clause J.1 for examples. extended operating lifetime: aggregated duration of the actual use periods of the first user and consecutive use periods associated with extended use extended use: equipment is used again by a new user or in a new context pote
49、ntially with refurbishment fresh water: water from river, lakes or subsoil water generic data: data from any relevant data source which need not be specific for ICT applications and processes NOTE: Generic data are always secondary. ICT Equipment: tangible equipment deriving from or making use of technologies devoted to or concerned with: the acquisition, storage, manipulation (including transformation), management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission or reception of a d
