1、 ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10)Technical Specification Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband Deployment - Energy Efficiency and Key Performance Indicators; Part 2: Network sites; Sub-part 2: Data centres ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 2Reference DTS/ATTM
2、-02005-1-3 Keywords access, cable, optical, site engineering ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Imp
3、ortant notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is t
4、he Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Inf
5、ormation on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No
6、part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are
7、Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partne
8、rs. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Introduction 6g31 Scope 7g32 References 8g32.1 Normative references . 8g32.2 Informative references 9g33 Definitions
9、 and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Abbreviations . 11g34 Overview of data centres 12g34.1 Types of data centres 12g34.2 Tiering of data centres 13g34.2.1 Tiers and criticality . 13g34.2.2 ANSI/TIA-942 13g34.2.3 Uptime Institute 13g34.2.4 Criticality levels 14g34.2.5 Tiers and costs 14g34
10、.3 Issues faced by data centres 15g34.3.1 General 15g34.3.2 Current issues 16g34.3.2.1 Overview . 16g34.3.2.2 Principle issues 16g34.3.2.3 Operator data centres. 17g34.3.3 Evolution and future trends . 17g34.3.3.1 Power and cooling demands of IT equipment . 17g34.3.3.2 New projects . 17g34.3.3.3 Dat
11、a centre consolidation programmes . 18g34.3.3.4 Environmental impacts 18g34.4 The new context . 18g34.4.1 Energy consumption and energy efficiency 18g34.4.2 Factors impacting energy efficiency . 19g34.4.3 On-going initiatives 19g35 Energy efficiency standards and metrics 20g35.1 Review of activities
12、 outside ETSI 20g35.1.1 EU Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency 20g35.2 Energy consumption in data centres . 20g35.3 Energy Efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) . 21g35.3.1 Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) or Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency (DCIE) 21g35.3.1.1 General 21g35.
13、3.1.2 PUE for new data centres 22g35.3.1.3 PUE in existing data centres 23g35.3.2 Other KPIs 24g35.3.2.1 Energy efficiency KPI . 24g35.3.2.2 Consolidation KPI . 24g35.3.2.3 Data collection 25g36 Increasing the energy efficiency of IT infrastructures 25g36.1 General . 25g36.2 3 Tier Software Architec
14、ture Model . 25g36.3 Energy efficiency solutions 26g36.3.1 Obsolete equipment 26g36.3.2 Replacement equipment 26g3ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 46.3.3 Power and capacity management 26g36.3.3.1 General 26g36.3.3.2 Power management . 26g36.3.3.2.1 Activation of basic power management featu
15、res . 26g36.3.3.2.2 Activation of “sleep“ mode 27g36.3.3.2.3 Reduction of energy consumption of environmental control equipment . 28g36.3.3.3 Capacity management . 28g36.3.3.3.1 General 28g36.3.3.3.2 Environmental capacity management 29g36.3.3.3.3 Storage . 29g36.3.3.3.4 Servers. 29g36.3.3.3.5 On-de
16、mand scalability for on-line business. 29g36.3.4 Consolidation initiatives . 29g36.3.4.1 Consolidation of servers 29g36.3.4.2 Physical consolidation . 30g36.3.4.2.1 The process 30g36.3.4.2.2 The effects . 30g36.3.4.3 Virtualization 30g36.3.4.3.1 The process 30g36.3.4.3.2 The effects . 30g36.3.4.3.3
17、Reduction of energy consumption of IT infrastructure 30g36.3.4.3.4 Reduction of energy consumption of environmental control equipment . 31g36.3.4.4 Logical consolidation 31g36.3.4.4.1 The process 31g36.3.4.4.2 The effects . 32g36.3.4.5 Application consolidation . 32g36.3.4.5.1 General 32g36.3.4.5.2
18、The process 32g36.3.4.5.3 The effects . 33g37 Reducing the energy demand of environmental control systems . 33g37.1 General . 33g37.2 Energy reduction solutions . 34g37.2.1 Measurement of thermal behaviour 34g37.2.2 Improvement of cooling efficiency . 34g37.2.2.1 Zonal approaches to thermal isolatio
19、n. 34g37.2.2.1.1 General 34g37.2.2.1.2 Hot aisle and cold aisle segregation. 34g37.2.2.1.3 Cold aisle covers 34g37.2.2.1.4 Segregation using curtains . 35g37.2.2.1.5 High density areas . 35g37.2.2.2 Reduction of thermal waste in cabinets/racks . 36g37.2.3 Modification of temperature and humidity . 3
20、7g37.2.3.1 General 37g37.2.3.2 Results of experimentation 37g37.2.3.3 Time before “system-shutdown“ . 38g37.2.3.4 Restrictions on implementation . 39g37.2.4 Alternative cooling mechanisms . 39g37.2.4.1 Free cooling. 39g37.2.4.2 Direct liquid cooling . 41g37.2.4.3 Emerging technology (auto cooled cha
21、ssis or chip-level cooling) 41g37.2.4.3.1 Cooling-on-the-chip 41g37.2.4.3.2 Auto-cooled chassis . 41g37.2.5 Enhancements of cooling systems 41g38 Infrastructure requirements to optimize energy efficiency. 42g39 Improvement of energy efficiency of power distribution systems . 42g39.1 General . 42g39.
22、2 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS). 43g39.2.1 Efficiency 43g39.2.2 Modular UPS 44g39.3 Energy efficiency improvement solutions 45g3ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 59.3.1 Measurement of energy efficiency of existing equipment 45g39.3.2 Energy capacity management . 45g39.3.3 Review of po
23、licy . 45g39.3.3.1 General 45g39.3.3.2 HVDC versus AC 45g39.3.4 High efficiency distribution equipment 45g39.3.5 Backup power . 46g310 Energy efficiency within existing data centres . 46g311 Energy efficiency within new data centres . 46g311.1 General . 46g311.2 Multi-disciplinary approach . 47g311.
24、2.1 Location 47g311.2.2 Energy sources 47g311.2.2.1 Main energy 47g311.2.2.2 Backup energy . 48g311.2.3 Building conception 48g311.2.4 Internal design 48g311.2.5 Energy and cooling . 49g311.2.6 IT infrastructure 49g311.2.7 Software 49g311.2.8 Processes . 50g312 Conformance 50g312.1 Existing data cen
25、tres . 50g312.2 New data centres 50g313 Recommendations 51g313.1 Existing data centres . 51g313.1.1 General 51g313.1.2 Reduction of PUE . 51g313.1.3 Reduction of energy consumption 51g313.1.4 Optimum usage of existing resources . 51g313.1.5 High density areas . 51g313.2 New data centres 52g313.2.1 G
26、eneral 52g313.2.2 Location study 52g313.2.3 Data centre construction . 52g313.2.3.1 External . 52g313.2.3.2 Internal 52g313.2.4 Cooling . 53g313.2.4.1 systems 53g313.2.4.2 Temperature control 53g313.2.5 IT Infrastructure 53g313.2.5.1 Architecture and policy . 53g313.2.5.2 Automation and capacity man
27、agement . 54g313.2.6 Organization - processes . 54g314 Future opportunities . 55g314.1 General . 55g314.2 Energy 55g314.3 Cooling . 55g314.4 Energy efficient IT hardware 55g314.5 Software, tools and re-engineering . 56g314.6 Consolidation initiatives . 56g3Annex A (informative): Indications of the e
28、ffect of energy efficiency actions 57g3History 58g3ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 6Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available
29、 for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (h
30、ttp:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or
31、may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM). The present document is part 2-2 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be foun
32、d in part 1 13. Introduction The increasing interaction between the different elements of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector (hardware, middleware, software and services) supports the concept of convergence in which: multi-service packages can be delivered over a common infrastruc
33、ture; a variety of infrastructures is able to deliver these packages; a single multi-service-package may be delivered over different infrastructures. As a result of this convergence, the development of new services, applications and content has resulted in an increased demand for bandwidth, reliabil
34、ity, quality and performance, with a consequent increase in the demand for power which has implications for cost and, in some cases, availability. It is therefore important to maximize the energy efficiency of all the network elements necessary to deliver the required services. New technologies and
35、infrastructure strategies are expected to enable operators to decrease the energy consumption, for a given level of service, of their existing and future infrastructures thus decreasing their costs. This requires a common understanding among market participants that only standards can produce. The p
36、resent document is part 2-2 of a multi-part deliverable which has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals and Transmission, Multiplexing (ATTM) in close collaboration with CENELEC via the Co-ordination Group on Installations and Cabling (CGIC). It offers a contribution to the req
37、uired standardization process by establishing an initial basis for work on ICT networks and transmission engineering, with active collaboration from a number of other ETSI and CENELEC Technical Bodies. When complete, the multi-part deliverable will contain information that has been jointly evolved t
38、o present developments in installations and transmission implementation, and describing their progress towards energy efficiency in Next Generation Networks (NGN). In order to monitor the implementation and operation of energy efficient broadband deployment, the present document also discusses Key P
39、erformance Indicators (KPI) for energy efficiency and focus on the possible consequences of standardization of installations, cabling techniques and equipment. In particular, the study will investigate possibilities and suggest solutions for development of processes for optimization in installation
40、techniques and energy consumption. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 71 Scope The present document details measures which may be taken to improve the energy efficiency within operators sites and data centres for broadband deployment. Clauses 2 and 3 contain references, definitions and abbrev
41、iations which relate to this part; similar information will be included in the corresponding clauses of the other parts, thus ensuring that each document can be used on a “stand-alone“ basis. Within the present document: clause 4 introduces data centre concepts including those specifically related t
42、o network operators; clause 5 develops the concept of Key Performance Indicators (KPI), introduced in TS 105 174-1 13, to enable consistent monitoring of energy efficiency; clause 6 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the information technology infrastruct
43、ure; clause 7 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency within the environmental control systems; clause 8 details the approaches that may be employed to improve energy efficiency via the physical infrastructure of the buildings; clause 9 details the approaches that ma
44、y be employed to improve energy efficiency within the power distribution system; clause 10 provides a summary of energy efficiency approaches within existing data centres; clause 11 provides a summary of energy efficiency approaches within new data centres and introduces wider issues concerning thei
45、r location; clause 12 contains the conformance mechanisms of the present document; clause 13 contains the recommendations of the present document; clause 14 introduces future opportunities for improvements of energy efficiency; annex A provides indications of the first order effect of applying the a
46、pproaches outlined in clauses 6, 7 and 9. This will enable the proper implementation of services, applications and content on an energy efficient infrastructure, though it is not the goal of this multi-part deliverable to provide detailed standardized solutions for network architecture. The present
47、document focuses on energy efficiency. The CO2footprint is not taken in account in the present document. Two separate aspects of energy efficiency are considered as shown in figure 1: actions to improve energy efficiency in existing data centres in the short or medium term; actions to improve energy
48、 efficiency in new data centres, in medium or long term. The domains under study are: in the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure: all aspects of the technical infrastructure in the data centre, including servers, storage arrays, backup libraries and network equipment including routers, switch
49、es, etc.; in the IT operational strategy: all consolidation initiatives, such as virtualization, physical or logical consolidations, usage of specific software and processes; in the technical environment: all aspects concerning energy usage, cooling and, more generally, all disciplines involved in the technical environment of the data centre. ETSI ETSI TS 105 174-2-2 V1.1.1 (2009-10) 8Figure 1: Aspects of data centres under consideration 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition num
