1、 ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07) Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Mandatory speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec; Comfort noise aspects (3GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Rel
2、ease 15) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)13GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 15Reference RTS/TSGS-0426092vf00 Keywords GSM,LTE,UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562
3、00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any
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9、logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)23GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 15Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The informa
10、tion pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ET
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13、s being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Speci
14、fication (TS) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverab
15、les. The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under http:/webapp.etsi.org/key/queryform.asp. Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpret
16、ed as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)33GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 15Contents Intellectu
17、al Property Rights 2g3Foreword . 2g3Modal verbs terminology 2g3Foreword . 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6g33.1 Definitions 6g33.2 Symbols 6g33.3 Abbreviations . 6g34 General . 7g35 Functions on the transmit (TX) side . 7g35.1 LSF evaluation . 7g35.2 Frame e
18、nergy calculation . 8g35.3 Modification of the speech encoding algorithm during SID frame generation 8g35.4 SID-frame encoding . 9g36 Functions on the receive (RX) side 9g36.1 Averaging and decoding of the LP and energy parameters 9g36.2 Comfort noise generation and updating 10g37 Computational deta
19、ils and bit allocation 10g3Annex A (informative): Change history . 12g3History 13g3ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)43GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 15Foreword This Technical Specification has been produced by the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). The contents of the present docum
20、ent are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows: Version x.y.z where:
21、x the first digit: 1 presented to TSG for information; 2 presented to TSG for approval; 3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control. y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections, updates, etc. z the third digit is incr
22、emented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document. ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)53GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 151 Scope The present document gives the detailed requirements for the correct operation of the background acoustic noise evaluation, noise paramet
23、er encoding/decoding and comfort noise generation for the AMR speech codec during Source Controlled Rate (SCR) operation. The requirements described in the present document are mandatory for implementation in all UEs capable of supporting the AMR speech codec. The receiver requirements are mandatory
24、 for implementation in all networks capable of supporting the AMR speech codec, the transmitter requirements only for those where downlink SCR will be used. In case of discrepancy between the requirements described in the present document and the fixed point computational description of these requir
25、ements contained in 1, the description in 1 will prevail. 2 References The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present document. - References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number,
26、 etc.) or non-specific. - For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. - For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that docume
27、nt in the same Release as the present document. 1 3GPP TS 26.073: “Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR); ANSI C source code“. 2 3GPP TS 26.090 : “Transcoding functions“. 3 3GPP TS 26.091: “Mandatory Speech Codec speech processing functions; AMR Speech Codec; Error concealment of lost frames“. 4 3GPP TS 26.093:
28、 “Source Controlled Rate operation “. 5 3GPP TS 26.101: “Frame Structure“. ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)63GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 153 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purpose of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply. Frame
29、: time interval of 20 ms corresponding to the time segmentation of the adaptive multi-rate speech transcoder, also used as a short term for traffic frame. SID frames: special Comfort Noise frames. It may convey information on the acoustic background noise or inform the decoder that it should start g
30、enerating background noise. Speech frame: traffic frame that cannot be classified as a SID frame. VAD flag: voice Activity Detection flag. TX_TYPE: one of SPEECH, SID_FIRST, SID_UPD, NO_DATA (defined in TS 26.093 4). RX_TYPE: classification of the received traffic frame (defined in TS 26.093 4). Oth
31、er definitions of terms used in the present document can be found in TS 26.090 2 and TS 26.093 4. The overall operation of SCR is described in TS 26.093 4. 3.2 Symbols For the purpose of the present document , the following symbols apply. Boldface symbols are used for vector variables. Averaged loga
32、rithmic frame energy Averaged LSF parameter vector Computed LSF parameter prediction residual Logarithmic frame energy Quantized LSF parameter prediction residual Quantized LSF vector Quantized LSF vector of frame m Reference vector for LSF quantization Unquantized LSF vector Unquantized LSF vector
33、of frame m 3.3 Abbreviations For the purpose of the present document , the following abbreviations apply. AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate SCR Source Controlled Rate operation ( aka source discontinuous transmission ) UE User Equipment SID SIlence DescriptorLP Linear Prediction LSP Line Spectral Pair LSF Lin
34、e Spectral Frequency RX Receive TX TransmitVAD Voice Activity Detector xnnab()=() ( ) ( ) ()=+xa xa xb xb11Kenmeanlogfmeaneenlog$e$ $.$fTff f=12 10$f()m$freffTff f=12 10.f()mETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)73GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 154 General A basic problem when using SCR is tha
35、t the background acoustic noise, which is transmitted together with the speech, would disappear when the transmission is cut, resulting in discontinuities of the background noise. Since the SCR switching can take place rapidly, it has been found that this effect can be very annoying for the listener
36、 - especially in a car environment with high background noise levels. In bad cases, the speech may be hardly intelligible. This document specifies the way to overcome this problem by generating on the receive (RX) side synthetic noise similar to the transmit (TX) side background noise. The comfort n
37、oise parameters are estimated on the TX side and transmitted to the RX side at a regular rate when speech is not present. This allows the comfort noise to adapt to the changes of the noise on the TX side. 5 Functions on the transmit (TX) side The comfort noise evaluation algorithm uses the following
38、 parameters of the AMR speech encoder, defined in 2: - the unquantized Linear Prediction (LP) parameters, using the Line Spectral Pair (LSP) representation, where the unquantized Line Spectral Frequency (LSF) vector is given by ; - the unquantized LSF vector for the 12.2 kbit/s mode is given by the
39、second set of LSF parameters in the frame. The algorithm computes the following parameters to assist in comfort noise generation: - the averaged LSF parameter vector (average of the LSF parameters of the eight most recent frames); - the averaged logarithmic frame energy (average of the logarithmic e
40、nergy of the eight most recent frames). These parameters give information on the level ( ) and the spectrum ( ) of the background noise. The evaluated comfort noise parameters ( and ) are encoded into a special frame, called a Silence Descriptor (SID) frame for transmission to the RX side. A hangove
41、r logic is used to enhance the quality of the silence descriptor frames. A hangover of seven frames is added to the VAD flag so that the coder waits with the switch from active to inactive mode for a period of seven frames, during that time the decoder can compute a silence descriptor frame from the
42、 quantized LSFs and the logarithmic frame energy of the decoded speech signal. Therefore, no comfort noise description is transmitted in the first SID frame after active speech. If the background noise contains transients which will cause the coder to switch to active mode and then back to inactive
43、mode in a very short time period, no hangover is used. Instead the previously used comfort noise frames are used for comfort noise generation. The first SID frame also serves to initiate the comfort noise generation on the receive side, as a first SID frame is always sent at the end of a speech burs
44、t, i.e., before the transmission is terminated. The scheduling of SID or speech frames on the network path is described in 4. 5.1 LSF evaluation The comfort noise parameters to be encoded into a SID frame are calculated over consecutive frames marked with VAD=0, as follows: The averaged LSF paramete
45、r vector of the frame i shall be computed according to the equation: (1)fTff f=12 10.fmeanenmeanlogenmeanlogfmeanfmeanenmeanlogN = 8()fmeani()ffmeanniin=1807()ETSI ETSI TS 126 092 V15.0.0 (2018-07)83GPP TS 26.092 version 15.0.0 Release 15where is the (unquantized) LSF parameter vector of the current
46、 frame i ( ) and past frames (). The averaged LSF parameter vector of the frame i is encoded using the same encoding tables that are also used by the 7.4 kbit/s mode for the encoding of the non-averaged LSF parameter vectors in ordinary speech encoding mode, but the quantization algorithm is modifie
47、d in order to support the quantization of comfort noise. The LSF parameter prediction residual to be quantized for frame i is obtained according to the following equation: (2)where is a reference vector picked from a codebook. The vector used in eq (2) is encoded for each SID frame. A lookup table c
48、ontaining 8 vectors typical for background noise are searched. The vector which yields the lowest prediction residual energy is selected. After the above step the LSF parameter encoding procedure is performed. The 3-bit index for the reference vector and the 26 bits for LSF parameter are transmitted
49、 in the SID frame (see bit allocation in table 1). 5.2 Frame energy calculation The frame energy is computed for each frame marked with VAD=0 according to the equation : (3)where ()sn is the HP-filtered input speech signal of the current frame i. The averaged logarithmic energy is computed by: .(4) The averaged logarithmic energy is quantized means of a 6 bit algorithmic quantizer. The 6 bits for the energy index are transmitted in the SID frame (see bit allocation in table 1). 5.3 Modification of the speech encoding algorithm during
