1、GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology EDS Engineering, GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Standards PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS Do Not Use on New Programs. Being Replaced by Global Design Standards EDS-A-1014 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 (Superceded) EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION O
2、F VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 1/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Note: This standard may be applied only for current project drawings generated by CATIA. It is Superceded for all future projects and replaced by Global Design Standards. 1. PU
3、RPOSE This standard aims at describing how to represent views and sections in the product drawings (herein after called “drawings“) prepared by GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Company (hereinafter referred to as the “GMDAT“). 2. SCOPE This standard specifies how to represent views and sections in drawin
4、gs made according to the orthographic projection used in product drawings. 3. REPRESENTATION OF PROJECTION VIEWS 3.1. Line projection Lines and projection used for drawing objects shall conform to the following. 3.1.1. EDS-A-1011 - Line conventions 3.1.2. EDS-A-1012 - Projection method 3.2. Selectin
5、g views 3.2.1. In the primary view (front view), draw the surface that describes the shape and function of the object most clearly. 3.2.2. Minimize the number of auxiliary views (left side, right side, top, bottom, rear) that supplement the primary view (front view). For simple objects that can be d
6、escribed sufficiently by one view alone, other views are not drawn. (Fig. 1) Fig. 1 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 2/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 3.2.3. When closely-related views are arranged, hidden lines shall n
7、ot be used if possible. (Fig. 2) In case comparison becomes difficult, however, this may not be followed. (Fig. 3) Fig. 2 Fig. 3 3.2.4. In product drawings, the most prevalent process for the object becomes the standard, and the object is drawn in the processing direction. Fig. 4 3.3. Auxiliary view
8、s In case an object has an inclined surface, and the actual shape of the surface is to be described, an auxiliary view shall be used as follows. 3.3.1. Draw an auxiliary view in the position facing the inclined surface. (Fig. 5) Fig. 5 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 3/13 ISSUED D
9、ATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 3.3.2. In case it is impossible to arrange the auxiliary view in the position facing the inclined surface due to space limit, etc., indicate its position with an arrow and a capital letter. (Fig. 6) In this case, the
10、 letter shall be entered clearly below the projection and shall stand upright regardless of the orientation of the portion. However, projection may be represented by connection with a broken centering line as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 6 Fig. 7 3.3.3. In case the arrangement of auxiliary views is difficu
11、lt to figure out in large size drawings (A0 or larger), the zone number of each mating zone in a drawing see EDS-A-1003 (Drawing and layout forms) is written beside each of such letters. (Fig. 8) Fig. 8 3.3.4. The zone number E7 indicates the zone in a drawing where the auxiliary view is drawn, and
12、the zone number B2 indicates the zone in a drawing where the arrow is drawn. (Fig. 8) In case of sheet drawings, however, it is indicated as follows: “SHEET X OF X, Zone number. Ex) SHEET 2 OF 4, B2 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 4/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008.
13、 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 3.4. Partial views When it is sufficient to show only a limited part of the object, the portion is represented by a partial view. In this case, the boundary with the omitted portion is represented by a broken line. (Fig. 9) Fig. 9 3.5. Local views When
14、it is sufficient to show only a local of the object, such as a hole and groove, the required part is represented by a partial view. In this case, the center line, datum line and extension line is used to connect the two views in order to describe the relation. (Fig. 10 & 11) Fig. 10 Fig. 11 EDS-A-10
15、14PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 5/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 3.6. Revolved views In case of an object where an arm protrudes from the boss at a certain angle, the corresponding portion is revolved to represent its actual
16、shape. (Fig. 12(a) When it can be seen wrong, a line used for drafting is to be left. Fig. 12(a) Fig 12 3.7. Developments When representing objects made of flat sheet material or when developing the object is necessary, developments are used. In this case, it is desirable to enter “DEVELOPMENT“ belo
17、w the development. (Fig. 13) Fig. 13 3.8. Omission of symmetrical objects In case an object is symmetrical, one of symmetrical sides may be omitted by one of the following methods in order to clarify the symmetry and save time and space. Draw only one of symmetrical portions and indicate the center
18、line in a long chain line. (Fig. 14 & 15) EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 6/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Fig. 14 Fig. 15 3.9. Omission of repeated features When features of the same type and size, such as bolts, bol
19、t holes, pipe holes and cross-pieces of a ladder, are repeated the feature may be omitted as follows. In case of omission using pictorial symbols, however, its meaning is explained using the leader Fig. 16 (b) or in an easily identifiable location (Fig. 17 & 18). This applies same to cases where a p
20、art is drawn to the actual shape and others are indicated by pictorial symbols. 3.9.1. When same features are arranged in a regular manner Only both ends or important point are indicated by an actual shape or pictorial symbol and others are expressed by an intersecting point between the pitch line a
21、nd center line. (Fig. 16) When entering dimensions clarifies all, the center line that intersects with the pitch line may be omitted. (Fig. 17) 3.9.2. The number of repeated portions shall be indicated by a figure or note (Fig. 18) Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS
22、 PAGE: 7/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 3.10. Abridging of features by omitting mid portions In case of the same sections (shaft, bar, pipe, section steel) or long taper (taper shaft), or when same shapes are repeated regularly (rack, l
23、ead screw of of NC machine, handrail of bridge, ladder), their mid portion may be cut and only major parts may be indicated to save space. In this case, the cut portion is represented in a break line. (Fig. 1921) When only the major portions are drawn, the break line may be omitted unless confusion
24、is caused. When a taper or inclined portion is drawn cut, they may not be drawn to the actual angle if the inclination is slight. Fig. 21(b) Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 3.11. Enlarged views When the feature of a specific portion is so small that its detail cannot be shown clearly and dimensioning is imp
25、racticable, the portion is circled by a thin solid line and marked with a capital letter, and then enlarged at a separate space to indicate the marking letter and scale. (Fig. 22) Fig. 22 4. REPRESENTING SECTIONS Representation of sections shall conform to EDS-A-1015 (Indication of Sections). EDS-A-
26、1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 8/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 5. SPECIAL REPRESENTATION 5.1. Simple and clear indication To enhance readability of the portion to be expressed, do as follows. 5.1.1. Hidden lines are prefe
27、rably omitted unless difficulties are caused in figuring out the feature. 5.1.2. When full expression of a view makes it difficult to figure it out Fig. 23(a), it is desirable to express it with partial views Fig. 23 (b) & 24 or with auxiliary views (Fig. 25). Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 5.1.3. Visible
28、lines at the front of a section Fig. 26 (a) are preferably omitted unless difficulties are caused in figuring out the feature Fig. 26 (b). Fig. 26 5.1.4. When a portion of a feature has a specific shape, it is desirable to represent the portion at the top. For example, it is desirable to follow the
29、Fig. 27 when representing the boss hole with a key, pipe or cylinder with a hole or groove on the wall, or cut ring. Fig. 27 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 9/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 5.1.5. In case of side view
30、s (including sections) of holes arranged along a circle, a fine long chain line representing the center line of the cylinder, which is the circle viewed from the side, and a hole is drawn (regardless of projection) and other holes may be omitted. (Fig. 28) Fig. 28 5.2. Representing intersecting port
31、ion of two surfaces The line representing the intersecting portion of two surfaces shall conform to the following. 5.2.1. When the intersecting portion is round, and this round portion is to be expressed as such in the corresponding figure, it is represented as in Fig. 29. When the intersecting port
32、ion is not round, it is represented in a thick solid line at the point if intersection. Fig. 29 5.2.2. Lines of the intersecting portion between a cylinder and another cylinder or a square pillar may be represented by a straight line or an arc, not according to the correct projection. (Fig. 30) EDS-
33、A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 10/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Fig. 30 5.3. Representing planes and holes When it is desirable to indicate that a specific portion of a feature is a plane or a hole, conform to the follo
34、wing. In any case, such portion shall be clearly expressed to be a plane or hole by entering dimensions or notes. 5.3.1. When it is necessary to indicate that a specific portion is a plane, draw fine solid lines that intersect with each other. (Fig. 31) Fig. 31 5.4. Representing shape before or afte
35、r processing Representation of an object before or after processing shall conform to the following. 5.4.1. When representing the shape before processing, draw it with a thin phantom line. (Fig. 32) Fig. 32 5.4.2. When representing the shape after processing, e.g. after assembling, draw it with a thi
36、n phantom line. EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 11/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology (Fig. 33) Fig. 33 5.5. Representing tools or jigs used for processing When it is necessary to represent tools or jigs used for processi
37、ng for reference, draw it with a thin phantom line. (Fig. 34) Fig. 34 5.6. Representing front part of cut section When it is necessary to represent the front part of a cut section, draw it with a thin phantom line. (Fig. 35) Fig. 35 EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 12/13 ISSUED DAT
38、E: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 5.7. Representing adjacent portion When it is necessary to represent an adjacent portion for reference, draw it with a thin phantom line. The feature of the object shall not be expressed in hidden lines although it is
39、eclipsed by the adjacent portion (Fig. 36) Hatching is not performed for the adjacent portion in sections. Fig. 36 5.8. Representing special zone Representing specially worked portion When special working is to be done on some portion of the object, the corresponding range may be expressed by a thic
40、k long chain line, which is slightly apart from the feature and parallel to the visible outline. (Fig. 37) In this case, notes for the working is entered. Fig. 37 5.9. Representing special patterns When an object has special patterns, they may be represented at some of the corresponding portion of t
41、he feature upon necessity. (Fig. 38) EDS-A-1014PRESENTATION OF VIEWS AND SECTIONS PAGE: 13/13 ISSUED DATE: 1996. 04. 10 REVISED DATE: 2008. 05. 31 VERSION: 3 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Fig. 38 6. RELATED STANDARDS EDS-A-1001 GENERAL OF CODE DRAWING PRACTICE EDS-A-1003 DRAWING AND LAYOUT FORMS EDS-A-1011 LINE CONVENTION EDS-A-1012 PROJECTION METHOD
