1、GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology EDS Engineering, GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Standards METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST EDS-T-7118 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 1/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSI
2、ON: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 1. PURPOSE This standard aims at establishing an appropriate test method for GMDAT by describing the method of brinell hardness test for metallic materials. 2. SCOPE This standard specifies the method of measuring brinell hardness for metallic materials used in GMDA
3、T. In case of brinell hardness measured with a steel ball indenter, apply this standard to HB450 max. and in case of brinell hardness measured with a tungsten carbide alloy ball indenter, to the hardness range of HB650 max. 3. DEFINITIONS Brinell hardness means the value obtained in case the testing
4、 force F when residual impression is made on the test surface with a steel ball indenter or a tungsten carbide alloy ball indenter, is divided by the surface area S, calculated from the diameter of permanently strained residual impression. It is calculated from the following formula and unit shall n
5、ot be added to the hardness value. 3.1. F : in case of kgf )(2/22dDDDFSFHB=3.2. F : in case of N )(2102.0/102.022dDDDFSFHB=Fig. 1. Relation among residual impression, steel ball indenter and force 4. INDICATION METHOD Brinell hardness shall be indicated as HB and when necessary to indicate the diame
6、ter of steel ball(mm), testing force(kgf or N) and force maintaining time according to test conditions, indicate as follows. - (1) - (2) EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 2/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology (Note 1) : (1) HB(1
7、0/3000) 95 = HB 95 (2) HB(5/750/30) 95 Brinell designation Diameter of steel ball (mm) Force (Kg.f) Force maintaining time (second) (Note 2) Brinell hardness value (3) HB(2.5/187.5) 95 Note 1. At HB(10/3000), this may be omitted to as HB. 2. In case of 1015 seconds, omission may be possible 5. TESTE
8、R 5.1. Tester 5.1.1. The tester to be applied to brinell hardness test shall conform to KS B 5524 (brinell hardness tester). 5.1.2. The tester shall be set up on a sufficiently stable and firm base plate. 5.1.3. When the main parts of the tester are disassembled, rebuilt or reset, the tester shall b
9、e used after be reconfirmed for its accuracy. 5.1.4. Even when being not relevant to the clause above, the tester shall be confirmed for the adequacy of its accuracy at a definite interval depending on the frequency of testing. The check of total difference shall be performed by the standard test pi
10、ece according to the necessity. 5.2. Steel ball indenter 5.2.1. Steel ball indenters of 10, 5, 2.5 and 1 shall be used. 5.2.2. For steel ball indenter, the steel ball made of hardened steel having at least HV 850 shall be used. 5.2.3. When the difference between the diameters of indenter in the dire
11、ction that the load is applied and in its transverse direction exceeds 0.01mm due to permanent deformation, the steel ball indenter shall not be used. Especially after testing for harder materials, sufficient care shall be taken of any deformation of indenters. 5.3. Residual impression measuring dev
12、ice 5.3.1. The residual impression measuring device shall be capable of measuring up to 0.5% of the diameter of residual impression. The range of hardness values measured at this time shall not exceed 1%. EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 3/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 200
13、6. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 5.3.2. For residual impression measuring device, the microscope of at least 20 times min. of magnification shall be used according to the diameter of the indenter. 6. TEST PIECE 6.1. As a rule, the test surface of the test piece shall be even. 6.2. Th
14、e test surface of the test piece shall have metallic luster so that 1% of the diameter of residual impression can be measured and shall have no foreign substances, oxidized layer and oil film. 6.3. The thickness of the test piece shall sufficiently be thick so that no deformation shall be visible at
15、 the back of the test piece due to the occurrence of residual impression. The thickness of the test piece varies according to the hardness of materials and test conditions but shall generally be at least 10 times the depth of residual impression (Refer to Table 1). HBDFt=10minHBDF=102.010Table 1. Mi
16、nimum thickness of test piece according to hardness and diameter of steel balls EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 4/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 7. TEST METHOD 7.1. The relationship of test force and diameter of steel bal
17、l shall conform to Table 2. Table 2. The relationship of testing force and the diameter of steel ball Unit : Kgf Test force(F)/(diameter of steel ball indenter)2Diameter of steel ball indenter, D 30 10 5 2.5 1.25 10 5 2.5 1 3000 750 187.5 30 1000 250 62.5 10 500 125 31.25 5 250 62.5 15.624 2.5 125 3
18、1.25 7.8125 1.25 Unit : N Test force(F)/(diameter of steel ball indenter)2Diameter of steel ball indenter, D 30 10 5 2.5 1.25 10 5 2.5 1 29420 7355 1840 294 9800 2450 613 98 4900 1225 306.5 49 2450 613 153.2 24.5 1225 306.5 76.6 12.25 Table 2. The relationship of testing force and the diameter of st
19、eel ball And, this shall be determined by the kind and hardness of materials. The diameter of residual impression shall properly be 0.2 to 0.6D as possible. 7.2. The steel ball indenter shall not be used for the test pieces with a hardness exceeding HB 450. And the tungsten carbide alloy ball indent
20、er shall not be used for the test pieces with a hardness exceeding HB 650(However, for the test pieces with a hardness exceeding HB 320, it is preferable to apply the tungsten carbide alloy ball indenter, as possible). 7.3. Dimensions of the steel ball used in brinell hardness test shall conform to
21、Table 3. Table 3. Diameter of steel ball Diameter(mm) Tolerances(mm) 10 0.0045 5 0.004 2.5 0.0035 1 0.0035 7.4. The center of the position whose hardness is to be measured shall maintain an appropriate distance from both the center of the existing residual impression and the edge of the test piece a
22、nd shall not be within the influence of already existing residual impression under any cases(Refer to Table 4). EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 5/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology Table 4. Distance between residual impressio
23、ns according to materials Material Distance between the center of impression and the test piece edgeDistance between residual impression centers Iron steel materials copper and copper alloys 2.5 d min. 4 d min. Light metals 3 d min. 6 d min. 7.5. The test piece shall be placed so that the test surfa
24、ce shall be perpendicular to the loading direction. 7.6. The test piece shall be supported so that displacement cannot occur throughout loading. 7.7. Test load shall be slowly increased so that it comes to the specified load without impact or vibration within 28 seconds after the test piece is made
25、to contact the indenter and shall not exceed the specified load. 7.8. For the range of hardness measurable by applicable materials, refer to Table 5. Table 5. The range of hardness to materials Testing force rate N 0.102F - D2 Kgf F - D2 30 10 5 2.5 1.25 Detectable range of hardness 67 to 450 22 to
26、315 11 to 158 6 to 78 3 to 39 Iron and iron alloys high hardness alloys Non-ferrous Applicable materials Soft iron, Steel, Cast steel, Malleable cast iron, Cast iron, Titan alloys Heat proof nickel-and cobalt alloys Light metal Casting and rolled carbon steel Die casting alloys Copper alloysNickel P
27、ure aluminumMagnesium Zinc Casting brassBearing metals Lead Tin Soft metals 7.9. Unless otherwise specified, the test load shall be maintained for 10 to 15 seconds under the specified magnitude of load. However, the load maintaining time may be adjusted according to materials through the agreement w
28、ith the supplier. EDS-T-7118METHOD OF BRINELL HARDNESS TEST PAGE: 6/6 ISSUED DATE: 1990. 12. 29 REVISED DATE: 2006. 06. 19 VERSION: 2 GM DAEWOO Auto & Technology 7.10. The test temperature shall generally be in the range of 235K. 8. MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL IMPRESSION AND CALCULATION OF HARDNESS VALU
29、E 8.1. After removing the test load, the diameters of residual impression shall be measured in two directions at right angles to each other. Hardness shall be calculated by substituting the mean value of the diameters to formula (1) in clause 3 or according to hardness conversion table. 8.2. The dia
30、meters of residual impression shall, in principle, read to 0.01mm, at this time, allowable errors of meter scale shall be 1%. However, when particularly specified, the diameters of residual impression may read to 0.05mm, at this time allowable errors of meter scale shall be 2%. 8.3. The hardness sha
31、ll be rounded off to the first decimal places in case its value exceeds 100 and to the second decimal places in case its value is less than 100. 9. REFERENCE KS D 0805 Method of brinell hardness test JIS Z 2243 Method of brinell hardness test ASTM E10 Brinell hardness of metallic materials OPEL 101 Hardness test according to brinell DIN 50351 Testing of metallic materials brinnel hardness testing
