1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Test Procedure GMW14164 Torque, Tension, Angle, and Compression Evaluation of Fastened Joints Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 14 1 Scope Note: Nothing in th
2、is standard supercedes applicable laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Purpose. To determine the dynamic torque, tension, angle, and compression characteristics of the threaded fastener joint w
3、ith bushing inner sleeve as compressed member. 1.2 Foreword. 1.2.1 Limitations. This procedure does not apply to Pulse tools. 1.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, any requirements or direction provided in the Test Request documentation will supercede this test procedure. 1.3 Applicability. Unless other
4、wise specified, this procedure applies to the initial tightening event of joints using new threaded fasteners, bearing surfaces and clamped members for each joint. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
5、None 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW25 2.3 Additional References. Data Acquisition System Manufacturers Operating Procedure D.C. Electric Tool Manufacturers Operating Procedure 3 Resources 3.1 Facilities. GM approved laboratory or location for this test procedure. 3.2 Equipment. 3.2.1 Torque an
6、gle transducer. 3.2.2 Data acquisition system capable of collecting data at a sampling rate of at least 1000 Hz, plotting data at user specified scales, and identifying data at all points on the curve. 3.2.3 Strain gaged fastener, force washer, or fastener prepared for ultrasonic measurement. 3.2.4
7、Ultrasonic measurement device (if required). 3.2.5 Strain gaged bushing inner sleeves. 3.2.6 Load frame. 3.2.7 Tightening tool. 3.2.8 Appropriate fixturing, adapters, bedplate, or slotted table. 3.2.9 Strain indicator. 3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. 3.3.1 A complete bill of materials of required test
8、pieces will be specified in the Test Request documentation. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14164 Copyright 2012 General
9、Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 2 of 14 3.3.2 Unless otherwise specified, a minimum of eight joints are to be used for this procedure plus a minimum of two additional bushing inner sleeves for bushing load deflection test. 3.4 Test Time. Calendar time: 1 to 2 weeks Test hours:
10、24 hours Coordination hours: 8 hours 3.5 Test Required Information. Test Request documentation should outline specific information and test parameters (reference Appendix A). 3.6 Personnel/Skills. Test Technician shall be qualified on the basis of appropriate education, training, experience and/or d
11、emonstrated skills. 4 Procedure 4.1 Preparation. 4.1.1 Bushing Load Deflection Test. 4.1.1.1 Fasteners, bushings, and associated components should be inspected for conformity to specification (including surface specification for ends of bushing, dimensional measurements on the sleeve and brackets, o
12、r a measurement of the gap between them) per applicable drawing(s) or as directed by the test requestor. 4.1.1.2 Install the adapters in the load frame. Install and hook up the instrumentation. The linear displacement measurement device should be mounted so that it measures between the adapters of t
13、he ram and the plate in as direct a manner as possible with its centerline as close to the ram centerline as the test parts will permit. Fixturing deflection may be erroneously interpreted as test part deflection if care is not exercised in the setup. 4.1.1.3 Calibrate the instrumentation to record
14、expected full scale values for force and deflection. 4.1.1.4 Run a force-deflection test up to maximum requested load with fixturing and adapters alone (no test parts). If desired to minimize load frame height readjustment, a solid steel block with parallel sides and height similar to bushing may be
15、 placed between the load frame adapters. 4.1.1.5 Start the recording device and begin loading the fixturing. 4.1.1.6 Continue increasing the force until the maximum requested load is achieved. 4.1.1.7 Decrease the load to 0 while still recording. 4.1.1.8 If requested, repeat 4.1.1.4 through 4.1.1.7.
16、 4.1.1.9 Remove the inner sleeve from a bushing assembly by cutting away the surrounding metal and rubber. Do not damage bushing inner sleeve. Inner sleeves may be available separately from bushings for prototype level parts. 4.1.1.10 Install the bushing inner sleeve test specimen into the load fram
17、e to load the sleeve axially. 4.1.1.11 Start the recording device and begin loading the bushing. Use displacement control at a rate of 0.1 mm/s. 4.1.1.12 Continue increasing the force until the maximum requested load is achieved. Test shutoff parameters may include, but are not limited to: 4.1.1.12.
18、1 One hundred ten percent (110%) of fastener proof load. 4.1.1.12.2 Onset of permanent bushing deformation. 4.1.1.12.3 Load capability of the load frame and/or load cell. 4.1.1.13 Decrease the load to 0 while still recording. 4.1.1.14 Optional: Repeat 4.1.1.10 through 4.1.1.13 using a complete bushi
19、ng assembly (inner sleeve plus surrounding metal and rubber still intact). 4.1.1.15 Repeat 4.1.1.10 through 4.1.1.14 for the total number of samples requested. 4.1.1.16 Visually inspect the test parts and record if or how they were deformed. 4.1.1.17 Photograph the test setup and the test components
20、 after test. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14164 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 201
21、2 Page 3 of 14 4.1.1.18 Review load vs. displacement plots with test requestor. Curve from sample with fixturing and adapters alone (no test parts) should be linear with minimal offset Curves from bushing inner sleeve and complete bushing assembly samples should be linear up to desired calibration l
22、oad, which is to be 110% of fastener proof load unless otherwise specified by test requestor. 4.1.2 Bushing Strain Gaging and Calibration. 4.1.2.1 Remove the remaining inner sleeves from the bushing assemblies by cutting away the surrounding metal and rubber. Do not damage bushing inner sleeve. Inne
23、r sleeves may be available separately from bushings for prototype level parts. 4.1.2.2 If there are teeth or serrations on the ends of the sleeves, then aluminum plates should be used between the loading device and sleeve ends. 4.1.2.3 Optional: Cycle inner sleeves at least five times up to the desi
24、red calibration load of the sleeve then back down to zero load on a load frame. To remove residual stresses in the sleeves (work hardening processes), operate at a slow ram rate. 4.1.2.4 Attach strain gages on the inner sleeves, full bridge wired for axial loading, and cycle at least five times. 4.1
25、.2.5 Balance the strain gaged sleeve, compress to the desired calibration load, and return to zero load. Record calibration data five times for both increasing and decreasing load, from the load cell and strain gages and average the results. 4.1.2.6 Evaluate the data and repeat 4.1.2.5 if necessary.
26、 4.1.2.7 Provide error graph, sensitivity, shunt cal load value, shunt cal resistance value and/or resistor, and any other calibration data necessary to be compatible with the type of data acquisition system being used on test. 4.1.2.8 Repeat 4.1.2.1 through 4.1.2.7 for the total number of samples r
27、equested. 4.2 Conditions. 4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Not applicable. 4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc. 4.2.2.1 Unless otherwise specif
28、ied, test conditions shall be as outlined on test request documentation. 4.2.2.2 Optional: Strength of fasteners with respect to minimum material specifications may be evaluated prior to this testing by one or more of the methods outlined in GMW25, (GM500M not for use on new programs, superceded by
29、GMW25) Mechanical Properties and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners. 4.3 Instructions. 4.3.1 Review part quantities and condition. 4.3.2 Secure test part to T-slot table or fixture. 4.3.3 Select proper tool, strain gaged fastener, force washer, or fastener prepared for ultrasoni
30、c measurement, strain gaged bushing inner sleeve, and torque transducer with angle encoder. 4.3.4 Configure data acquisition system to collect torque, tension, angle, and compression data. 4.3.5 Align tool and torque transducer to prevent side loading. 4.3.6 Unless otherwise specified, test requesto
31、r is to approve test setup. 4.3.7 Take photograph or digital image of test configuration. 4.3.8 Measure and document tool free spinning speed. 4.3.9 For each sample, using feeler gages or calipers, measure and document pre-test gap between strain gaged bushing inner sleeve and bracket or component t
32、hat the inner sleeve fits into. 4.3.10 Joint should be tightened to the specifications outlined in Test Request documentation. Test shut off parameters may include but are not limited to: 4.3.10.1 One hundred ten percent (110%) of fastener proof load. 4.3.10.2 Maximum torque/angle specification targ
33、et. 4.3.10.3 Joint failure. 4.3.10.4 Maximum fastener or sleeve calibrated load. 4.3.10.5 Maximum torque capability of tightening tool. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from
34、 IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14164 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 4 of 14 4.3.11 Unless otherwise specified, run the first sample recording torque, tension, angle, compression, and failure mode, if any. Review with requestor and receive
35、 approval prior to proceeding. 4.3.12 If necessary, adjust the test configuration to comply with instructions of requestor. 4.3.13 Complete test matrix. 4.3.14 Summarize results similar to Section 5 of this procedure. 5 Data 5.1 Calculations. Not applicable. 5.2 Interpretation of Results. 5.2.1 Summ
36、ary of Results. Required. 5.2.1.1 Provide detail of failure modes consisting of, but not limited to, fastener fracture, component fracture, component distortion or internal or external thread stripping (if applicable). 5.2.1.2 Test incidents to be recorded on Test Data Summary Sheet (similar to Appe
37、ndix B). 5.2.1.3 Test data summarization to be on Test Data Log Sheet (similar to Appendix C), Torque vs. Tension Data Sheet (similar to Appendix D), and Torque vs. Compression Data Sheet (similar to Appendix E). 5.2.1.4 Required plots and tabular data tables include items in Table 1 where: I Indivi
38、dual sample plots M Multiple sample plot D Dual Y axis plots S Statistical plot T Tabular data table followed by the incremental value Table 1: Torque Tightening Strategy 5.2.2 Summary of Results Optional. After reviewing required data summarization, requestor may ask for additional items including,
39、 but not limited to, the following. 5.2.2.1 Summary of results including, but not limited to: Upper proportional limit torques, lower proportional limit torques, maximum torques, ultimate torques, and prevailing torques (similar to Appendix F and/or Appendix G and/or Appendix H.) 5.2.2.2 Optional pl
40、ots and tabular data tables include items shown in Table 2 where: Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14164 Copyright 2012 Ge
41、neral Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 5 of 14 I Individual sample plots M Multiple sample plot D Dual Y axis plots S Statistical plot T Tabular data table followed by the incremental value Table 2: Torque Angle Tightening Strategy 5.2.2.3 Magnified Scale Plots. Additional plots
42、 rescaled to magnify desired detail of curves. 5.3 Test Documentation. See Section 5.2.1. 6 Safety This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
43、 of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 7 Notes 7.1 Glossary. Failure Modes: May consist of, but are not limited to, fastener fracture, component fracture, component distortion or internal or exter
44、nal thread stripping. Fracture is defined as the partial or complete separation of one or more of the joint components. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORL
45、DWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14164 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 6 of 14 Lower Proportional Limit: Lower Y value limit for the linear portion of the torque/angle curve on an X-Y plot. Maximum Torque: The maximum torque value observed during testing of
46、 the joint. Prevailing Torque: Maximum torque value observed while rotating the fastener prior to contacting the clamped member of the joint. Test Request Documentation: Forms outlining specific requirements, procedures, and desired results of laboratory test to be performed. Ultimate Torque: The ma
47、ximum torque the joint can tolerate prior to fracture, deformation or strip. Upper Proportional Limit: Upper Y value limit for the linear portion of the torque/angle curve on an X-Y plot. Zero Angle Reference Torque: Torque value at which the angle of all samples recorded is set to zero for analysis
48、 purposes. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. CCW Counterclockwise CW Clockwise MPD Master Process Document RPM Revolutions per Minute 8 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: Test to GMW14164 9 Release and Revisions This standard was o
49、riginated in June 2005. It was first approved by Global Fastener Team in January 2006. It was first published in February 2006. Issue Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 FEB 2006 Initial publication. 2 NOV 2012 Five year refresh of document. Updated GMW specifications, Scope, Test Time and data reporting requirements allowed to be more flexible. (Fastening and Sealing Test Lab Global Subsystem Leade
