1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Test Procedure GMW14165 Torque, Tension, and Angle Evaluation of Fastened Joints Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 11 1 Scope Note: Nothing in this standard s
2、upercedes applicable laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Purpose. Determine the dynamic torque, tension, and angle characteristics of the threaded fastener joint. 1.2 Foreword. 1.2.1 Limitatio
3、ns. This procedure does not apply to Pulse tools. 1.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, any requirements or direction provided in the test request documentation will supersede this test procedure. 1.3 Applicability. Unless otherwise specified, this procedure applies to the initial tightening event of jo
4、ints using new threaded fasteners, bearing surfaces and clamped members for each joint. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. None 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW25 2.3 Additional References. Data
5、Acquisition System Manufacturers Operating Procedure D.C. Electric Tool Manufacturers Operating Procedure 3 Resources 3.1 Facilities. GM Approved Laboratory or location for this test procedure. 3.2 Equipment. 3.2.1 Torque angle transducer. 3.2.2 Data acquisition system capable of collecting data at
6、a sampling rate of at least 1000 Hz, plotting data at user specified scales, and identifying data at all points on the curve. 3.2.3 Strain gauged fastener, force washer, or fastener prepared for ultrasonic measurement. 3.2.4 Ultrasonic measurement device (if required). 3.2.5 Tightening tool. 3.2.6 A
7、ppropriate fixturing, bedplate, or slotted table. 3.2.7 Strain indicator. 3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. 3.3.1 A complete bill of materials of required test pieces will be specified in the test request documentation. 3.3.2 Unless otherwise specified, a minimum of 8 samples are to be used for this proc
8、edure. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page
9、 2 of 11 3.4 Test Time. Calendar time: 2 days Test hours: 12 hours Coordination hours: 4 hours 3.5 Test Required Information. Test request documentation should outline specific information and test parameters (reference Appendix A). 3.6 Personnel/Skills. Test Technician shall be qualified on the bas
10、is of appropriate education, training, experience, and/or demonstrated skills. 4 Procedure 4.1 Preparation. 4.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the test request, samples are to be tested in the as-received condition. This excludes any condition specifically caused by material storage or configuratio
11、n (e.g., if debris falls into a threaded hole from laboratory rework, it is acceptable to blow debris out of holes). 4.1.2 Any modifications to parts, not specifically requested in the test request, that may affect test results, are being documented in the test notes. All test configurations, parts
12、and noted deviations to be approved prior to executing test. 4.2 Conditions. 4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. 4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, e
13、tc. 4.2.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, test conditions shall be as outlined on test request documentation. 4.2.2.2 Optional. Strength of fasteners with respect to minimum material specifications may be evaluated prior to this testing by one or more of the methods outlined in GMW25, Mechanical Prope
14、rties and Material Requirements for Externally Threaded Fasteners. 4.3 Instructions. 4.3.1 Review part quantities and condition. 4.3.2 Secure test part to T-slot table or fixture. 4.3.3 Select proper tool, strain gauged fastener, force washer, or fastener prepared for ultrasonic measurement, and tra
15、nsducer with angle encoder. 4.3.4 Configure data acquisition system to collect torque, tension, and angle data. 4.3.5 Align tool and torque transducer to prevent side loading. 4.3.6 Unless otherwise specified, test requestor is to approve test setup. 4.3.7 Take photograph or digital image of test co
16、nfiguration. 4.3.8 Measure and document tool free spinning speed. 4.3.9 Joint shall be tightened to the specifications outlined in test request documentation. Test shutoff parameters may include but are not limited to: 4.3.9.1 One hundred ten percent (110%) of fastener proof load. 4.3.9.2 Maximum to
17、rque/angle specification target. 4.3.9.3 Joint failure. 4.3.9.4 Maximum fastener calibrated load. 4.3.9.5 Maximum torque capability of tightening tool. 4.3.10 Unless otherwise specified, run the first sample recording torque, tension, angle, and failure mode, if any. Review with requestor and receiv
18、e approval prior to proceeding. 4.3.11 If necessary, make corrections to test configuration to comply with instructions of requestor. 4.3.12 Complete test matrix. 4.3.13 Summarize results similar to Section 5 of this procedure. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with Gene
19、ral Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 3 of 11 5 Data 5.1 Calculations. Not applicable. 5.2 Interpretation of Results
20、. Not applicable. 5.2.1 Summary of Results Required. 5.2.1.1 Provide detail of failure modes consisting of, but not limited to, fastener fracture, component fracture, component distortion or internal or external thread stripping (if applicable). 5.2.1.2 Test incidents to be recorded on Test Data Sum
21、mary Sheet (similar to Appendix B). 5.2.1.3 Test data summarization to be on Test Data Log Sheet (similar to Appendix C) and Torque Tension Data Sheet (similar to Appendix D). 5.2.1.4 Required plots and tabular data tables should include items shown on the following table (see Table 1). Where: I Ind
22、ividual sample plots M Multiple sample plot D Dual Y axis plots S Statistical plot T Tabular data table, followed by the incremental value Table 1: Torque Tightening Strategy 5.2.2 Summary of Results Optional. After reviewing required data summarization, requestor may ask for additional items, inclu
23、ding but not limited to the following. 5.2.2.1 Summary of results including, but not limited to: Upper proportional limit torques, lower proportional limit torques, maximum torques, ultimate torques, and prevailing torques (similar to Appendix E and/or Appendix F). Copyright General Motors Company P
24、rovided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 4 of 11 5.2.2.2 Optional plots and tabul
25、ar data tables could include items shown on the following table (see Table 2). Where: I Individual sample plots M Multiple sample plot D Dual Y axis plots S Statistical plot T Tabular data table, followed by the incremental value. Table 2: Torque Angle Tightening Strategy 5.2.2.3 Magnified Scale Plo
26、ts Additional plots re-scaled to magnify desired detail of curves. 5.3 Test Documentation. See Section 5.2.1. 6 Safety This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the respon
27、sibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 7 Notes 7.1 Glossary. Failure modes: May consist of, but are not limited to, fastener fracture, component fracture, component distortion
28、or internal or external thread stripping. Fracture is defined as the partial or complete separation of one or more of the joint components. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
29、from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 5 of 11 Lower proportional limit: Lower Y value limit for the linear portion of the torque/angle curve on an X-Y plot. Maximum torque: Defined as the maximum torque v
30、alue observed during testing of the joint. Prevailing torque: Maximum torque value observed while rotating the fastener prior to contacting the clamped member of the joint. Test request documentation: Forms outlining specific requirements, procedures, and desired results of laboratory test to be per
31、formed. Ultimate torque: Is defined as the maximum torque the joint can tolerate prior to fracture deformation or strip. Upper proportional limit: Upper Y value limit for the linear portion of the torque/angle curve on an X-Y plot. Zero angle reference torque: Torque value at which the angle of all
32、samples recorded is set to zero for analysis purposes. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. CCW Counterclockwise CW Clockwise MPD Master Process Document RPM Revolutions per minute 8 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: Test to GMW14165
33、 9 Release and Revisions This standard was originated in June 2005. It was first approved by Global Fastener Team in January 2006. It was first published in February 2006. Issue Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 FEB 2006 Initial publication. 2 NOV 2012 Five year refresh of document. Upda
34、ted GMW specifications, Scope, Test Time and data reporting requirements allowed to be more flexible. (Fastening and Sealing Test Lab Global Subsystem Leadership Team) Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
35、g permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 6 of 11 Appendix A Test Required Information Worksheet Test Title: _ MY/Program: _ Request No.: _ Requestor/Phone: _ 1. Part Disposition a
36、t Completion: _ 2. Required Completion Date: _ 3. Master Process Document or Diagram Attached? Y N If Yes, MPD Number _ 4. Tightening Sequence Required Y N (If Yes, Attach Diagram) 5. Number and Orientation of Tool Spindles _ (Attach Diagram if Necessary) 6. Tool Type: _ 7. Tool Free Spinning Speed:
37、 _ RPM Maximum Torque: _Nm 8. Tool Downshift Y N (If Yes, Downshift Parameter _ Downshift Free Speed _) 9. Tool Rotation: Clockwise Counterclockwise (CW/CCW) 10. Tool Trigger: Torque _ Nm Angle _ Degrees 11. Requested Tightening Specification If Applicable: _ Nm. To Fail? Y N 12. Current Tightening
38、Specification If Applicable: _ Nm. To Target? _ Nm 13. Test Piece Orientation (Attach Diagram if Necessary) 14. Test Coupon Used? Y N If Yes, Drawing or Sketch Required. Test Matrix Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproductio
39、n or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 7 of 11 Appendix B Test Data Summary Sheet GENERAL MOTORS Fastener Test Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS und
40、er license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 8 of 11 Appendix C Test Data Log Sheet Fastener Test File
41、Log and Summary Page _ of _ Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserv
42、ed November 2012 Page 9 of 11 Appendix D Fastener Test Tension vs. Torque Data Sheet Page _of_ TORQUE (Nm) vs. TENSION (TORQUE DEPENDENT, TENSION INDEPENDENT) Min. = Minimum Max. = Maximum Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo repr
43、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 10 of 11 Appendix E Fastener Test Tension vs. Angle Data Sheet Page _of _ TENSION (kN) vs. ANGLE (Degree) (ANGLE INDE
44、PENDENT, TENSION DEPENDENT) ANGLE FROM ZERO ANGLE REFERENCE TORQUE Note 1 OF _ Nm Note 1: Zero Angle Reference Torque - Torque value at which the angle of all samples recorded is set to zero for analysis purposes. Min. = Minimum Max. = Maximum Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under l
45、icense with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14165 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 11 of 11 Appendix F Fastener Test Torque vs. Angle Data Sheet
46、Page _of_ TORQUE (Nm) vs. ANGLE (ANGLE INDEPENDENT, TORQUE DEPENDENT) ANGLE FROM ZERO ANGLE REFERENCE TORQUE Note 1 OF _ Nm Note 1: Zero Angle Reference Torque - Torque value at which the angle of all samples recorded is set to zero for analysis purposes. Min. = Minimum Max. = Maximum Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
