1、WORLDWIDEENGINEERINGSTANDARDSGeneral Specification GMW14655Soldered/Brazed Connections Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 61 IntroductionNote: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws
2、 and regulations.Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall takeprecedence.1.1 Scope. This standard can be used for soldered connections in motor vehicles.1.2 Mission/Theme. This standard describes the general requirements for the quality and
3、 appearance ofsoldered connections and contains general instructions on the soldering procedure, so far as this is notdescribed in detail on the drawings.1.3 Classification. Soldered connections can be classified according to design, soldering procedure andscope.The soldering design can be, for exam
4、ple, flat/overlap or inserted joint connections.The joining procedures are soldering and brazing.This classification is specified in DIN 8505-2 and DIN 8505-3.This specification is classified according to the scope:Type A: Tube connections made of aluminum and/or aluminum alloys used, for example, h
5、eat exchangers, airconditioning equipment etc.Type B: Flat products and profiles, made of aluminum and/or aluminum alloys.Type C: Tube connections made of steel, for example, fuel lines.2 ReferencesNote: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.2.1 External Standa
6、rds/Specifications.DIN 8505-1 DIN 8505-3 DIN EN ISO 6520-1 DIN EN ISO 18279DIN 8505-2 DIN 8524-3 DIN EN ISO 6520-22.2 GM Standards/Specifications.GMW30592.3 Additional References.Component Drawing3 Test Preparation and Evaluation3.1 Resources.3.1.1 Calibration. The test facilities and equipment shal
7、l be in good working order and shall have a validcalibration label.3.1.2 Alternatives. Alternative test facilities and equipment may also be used. However, all measuringvariables as specified in this standard shall be determined correctly with respect to their physical definition.3.1.3 Facilities. N
8、ot applicable.3.1.4 Equipment. Not applicable.3.1.5 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. Not applicable.3.1.6 Test Time. Not applicable.Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM
9、WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14655 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Page 2 of 63.1.7 Test Required Information. Not applicable.3.1.8 Personnel/Skills. Not applicable.3.2 Preparation. Not applicable.3.3 Conditions.3.3.1 Environmental Conditions. Not applicab
10、le.3.3.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Suchrequirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc.3.4 Instructions. Not applicable.3.5 Data. Not applicable.3.6 Safety. This standard may involve hazardou
11、s materials, operations, and equipment. This standard doesnot propose to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior t
12、o use.3.7 Documentation. Samples of components or material released to this standard shall be tested forconformity with the requirements of this standard and approved by the responsible GM Department prior to thestart of delivery of production level components or materials.Any change to the componen
13、t or material, e.g., design, function, properties, manufacturing process and/orlocation of manufacture requires a new release of the product. It is the sole responsibility of the supplier toprovide the customer, unsolicited, with documentation of any change or modification to the product/process,and
14、 to apply for a new release.If not otherwise agreed to, the entire verification test shall be repeated and documented by the supplier prior tostart of delivery of the modified or changed product. In some cases, a shorter test can be agreed to betweenthe responsible GM department and the supplier.3.7
15、.1 Test Results. Not applicable.3.7.2 Deviations from Test Procedure. Deviations from the requirements of the test procedures shall havebeen agreed upon. Such requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc.4 Requirements and Procedure4.1 System/Subsystem/Compo
16、nent/Part Definition.4.1.1 Appearance. According to DIN 8505-2.4.1.2 Ambient Environment. The soldered connections must be free of fluxes or residues which may causefailure of components under operating conditions as a result of chemical reactions between the flux used or itsresidues and the operati
17、ng or ambient medium.4.2 Product Characteristics.4.2.1 Performance Requirements.4.2.1.1 Bonds and Degree of Filling.4.2.1.1.1 Type A. There shall be a good metallic bond between the solder and the substrate. The averagedegree of filling validated at three metallographic sections for each soldered pa
18、rt shall be 60%. Hereby thedegree of filling of each metallographic section shall be 50% (see 4.3).In a borderline case (average degree of filling 60% MW 50%), two additional soldered parts of the sameproduction batch shall be tested according to the above mentioned conditions.If the additional test
19、 results do not obtain the nominal value (MW 60%), the soldered part will be rated as notacceptable.4.2.1.1.2 Type B. Same as Type A.4.2.1.2 Soldering Lengths.4.2.1.2.1 Type A. For soldering lengths 5 mm, there shall be continuous, flawless, soldering lengths of 2 mm metal bonded on both sides.4.2.1
20、.2.2 Type B. Same as Type A.4.2.1.3 Soldering Defects. See DIN EN ISO 18279, DIN EN ISO 6520-1, DIN EN ISO 6520-2 and DIN 8524-3for the definition of soldering defects.Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
21、g permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14655 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Page 3 of 64.2.1.3.1 Type A. Cracks as well as continuous linear or communicating pores are not permitted.4.2.1.3.2 Type B. Same as Type A.4.2.1.
22、3.3 Type C. Same as Type A.4.2.1.4 Leak Tests, Mechanical and Other Tests. Leak tests, mechanical and other tests shall be performedaccording to the specifications and requirements of the relevant component drawings.4.2.1.5 Soldering Procedure.4.2.1.5.1 Type A. Brazing is preferable.4.2.1.5.2 Type B
23、. Brazing is preferable.4.2.1.5.3 Type C. Brazing is preferable.4.3 Validation Cross Reference Index.Table 1: Validation Cross Reference IndexRequirement Description Paragraph VerificationProcedure Method LevelRequirement ValidationAmbient Environments 4.1.2 - I C/ABonds and Degree of Filling 4.2.1.
24、1 4.4.1 GMW14655 I C/ASoldering Lengths 4.2.1.2 - I C/ASoldering Defects 4.2.1.3 - DIN EN ISO 18279 I C/ALeak Check, Mechanicaland Other Checks 4.2.1.4 -see componentdrawing - -I = Inspection, C/A = Component, PartConnection Cutting Plan:1. Cutting 90 degrees2. Block-Fitting3. Tube4. Solder Connecti
25、on5. Cutting 0 degrees to 180 degrees6. Saw Cutting7. To investigate areaFigure 1: Solder Connection PlanCopyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERI
26、NG STANDARDS GMW14655 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Page 4 of 64.4 Supporting Paragraphs.4.4.1 Determining Degree of Filling.4.4.1.1 Preparation. The soldered part shall be cut twice lengthways, with the cuts offset at 90 degrees.A metallographic section shall
27、 be produced and appropriately prepared for each cut (see Figure 1).4.4.1.2 Definitions.4.4.1.2.1 Total Soldering Length. The total soldering length is the inserted joint depth for pipe solderedconnections or the length along which the soldering parts face (overlap length, flange length, etc.) The l
28、engthsof the solder inlets are not included in the total soldering length. In the examples, shown in Figure 2, Figure 3,Figure 4, this is the length of section L.4.4.1.2.2 Actual Soldering Length. The actual solder length is the sum of the segments with a smooth,subtending bond on both sides of the
29、substrate. The part sections between the pockets, gas bubbles, etc. shallbe hereby measured, as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4. In the examples shown in Figure 2, Figure 3,Figure 4, the actual solder length is the sum of part sections A, B, C, and D:#?PQ=H5KHAN.AJCP D =# +$ +% + Type 1Copyrig
30、ht General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14655 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Page 5 of 6Figure 3:
31、 Sections for Defining the Degree of Filling; Type 2A, B, C, D SegmentsL Total soldering lengthL1, L2 Soldering lengthI Solder insertII Solder outletFigure 4: Sections for Defining the Degree of Filling; Type 35 Provisions for ShippingNot applicable.6 Notes6.1 Glossary. Terms and classification are
32、based on DIN 8505-1, DIN 8505-2 and DIN 8505-3. Definitions andterms for defects and cracks in soldered connections are based on DIN EN ISO 6520-1, DIN EN ISO 6520-2and DIN 8524-3.Definitions and terms for soldered connection defects in parts with thin walls or sheet metals are based on DINEN ISO 18
33、279.6.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.MW Mean ValueCopyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14655 Copyright 2012 General Mo
34、tors Company All Rights ReservedOctober 2012 Page 6 of 67 Additional Paragraphs7.1 All parts or systems supplied to this standard must comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Restrictedand Reportable Substances for Parts.8 Coding SystemThis standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings,
35、 etc., as follows:GMW146559 Release and RevisionsThis standard was originated in October 2005. It was first approved by the Global Controls, ConveyorsRobotics and Welding (CCRW) Team in July 2006. It was first published in June 2007.Issue Publication Date Description (Organization)1 JUN 2007 Initial publication.2 OCT 2012 Update template, references and technical content. (Non-Ferrous Metals andCastings GSSLT)Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
