1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW14656 Suspension Coil and Leaf Springs Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved July 2013 Page 1 of 11 1 Scope 1.1 Material Description. This standard describes the GM Worldwide requirements for the materials, manufacturing
2、process and coatings used in the manufacture of automotive suspension coil and leaf springs. 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3 Typical Applications. Automotive suspension coil and leaf springs. 1.4 Remarks. Not applicable. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless ot
3、herwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ASTM A29 ASTM E45 EN 10247 SAE J441 ASTM D3363 ASTM E92 ISO 2808 SAE J827 ASTM E8 ASTM E112 JIS G0551 SAE J1123 ASTM E10 DIN 50601 SAE J419 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GM4283P GMW14124 GMW14829 GMW15282 GMW3059 GMW14700 GMW14872 GMW15487
4、 GMW3286 GMW14729 GMW15272 GMW15891 2.3 Additional References. TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ). 3 Requirements 3.1 Material. Various alloy steels. 3.2 Form. The incoming material for spring manufacture. 3.2.1 Leaf Spring. Flat rolled steel bar having two (2) flat
5、 or slightly concave surfaces and two (2) rounded (convex) edges. The radii of the arcs of the two (2) concave surfaces shall be of equal lengths. The radii of the rounded edges shall be at least three-quarter () thickness of the bar. The cross-sectional tolerances are shown in Table 1 (reference SA
6、E J1123). The typical widths and thicknesses for flat rolled steel bars are shown in Table 2 (reference SAE J1123). Tolerances for surface-prepared bars shall be noted on the part drawing. 3.2.2 Coil Spring. Tolerances from Specified Size and Out of Roundness for hot roll as rolled round bars are sh
7、own in Table 3. Tolerances for surface-prepared bars shall be noted on the part drawing. 3.3 Chemical Composition. The chemical compositions of alloy steel grades for leaf and coil spring applications are shown in Table 4. The grade shall be selected by the spring manufacturer from Table 4 and ident
8、ified on the part drawing. The steel compositions listed in Table 4 are normally restricted to a tighter tolerance for certain elements by the coil spring manufacturer in order to provide reduced variation during heat treatment. Alternatively, steel hardenability may be specified using either Jominy
9、 or ideal diameter. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14656 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved July
10、2013 Page 2 of 11 Table 1: Leaf Spring Flat Bar Cross-Sectional Tolerances (All Dimensions in mm) Thickness () Note 1 and Flatness (-) Note 2 for Thickness Listed Below Maximum Difference in Thickness Note 3 for Thickness Listed Below Width Width Tolerance (-0.00) 5.00 to 9.50 10.00 to 21.20 22.40 t
11、o 37.50 5.00 to 9.50 10.00 to 21.20 22.40 to 37.50 40.0 +0.75 0.13 0.15 - 0.05 0.05 - 45.0 +0.75 0.13 0.15 - 0.05 0.05 - 50.0 +0.75 0.13 0.15 - 0.05 0.05 - 56.0 +0.75 0.13 0.15 - 0.05 0.05 - 63.0 +0.75 0.13 0.15 - 0.05 0.05 - 75.0 +1.15 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.08 0.10 0.15 90.0 +1.15 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.08 0.
12、10 0.15 100.0 +1.15 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.08 0.10 0.15 125.0 +1.65 0.18 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.13 0.20 150.0 +2.30 - 0.30 0.50 - 0.15 0.25 Note 1: Thickness measurements shall be taken at the edge of the bar where the flat surfaces intersect the rounded edge. Note 2: This tolerance represents the maximum amoun
13、t by which the thickness at the center of the bar may be less than the thickness at the edges. Thickness at the center may never exceed the thickness at the edges. Note 3: Maximum difference in thickness between the two (2) edges of each bar. Table 2: Typical Widths and Thicknesses of Leaf Spring Fl
14、at Bar (all Dimensions in mm) Nominal Width Nominal Thickness 40.0 to 75.0 5.00 7.10 10.00 14.00 20.00 28.00 45.0 to 90.0 5.30 7.50 10.60 15.00 21.20 30.00 50.0 to 100.0 5.60 8.00 11.20 16.00 22.40 31.50 56.0 to 125.0 6.00 8.50 11.80 17.00 23.60 33.50 63.0 to 150.0 6.30 9.00 12.50 18.00 25.00 35.50
15、Over 150 6.70 9.50 13.20 19.00 26.50 37.50 Table 3: Size and Out of Round Tolerance for Hot Roll as Rolled Bar (All Dimensions in mm) Specified Size Tolerance for Specified Size Out of Round Note 1, Note 2 To 7 inclusive (incl.) 0.13 0.20 Over 7 to 11 incl. 0.13 0.22 Over 11 to 15 incl. 0.18 0.27 Ov
16、er 15 to 19 incl. 0.20 1.5% of specified size Over 19 to 100 1% of specified size 1.5% of specified size Incl. = Inclusive Note 1: Out of Round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the bar, measured at the same cross section. Note 2: The tolerance shall be rounded to the ne
17、arest 0.1 mm after calculation. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14656 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Re
18、served July 2013 Page 3 of 11 Table 4: Chemical Composition, Weight% Note 1 Grade Regional or Common Names Description C Mn Si P S Cr Nb V Mo Al N 65MnCr4 5160 Chrome Alloy Steel 0.56 to 0.64 0.75 to 1.00 0.15 to 0.35 0.030 0.040 0.70 to 0.90 - - - - - 65MnCr4A 5160H SUP-9A Chrome Alloy Steel 0.55 t
19、o 0.65 0.65 to 1.10 0.15 to 0.35 0.030 0.040 0.60 to 1.00 - - - - - 55Cr3 5155 SUP-9, 55Cr3 Chrome Alloy Steel 0.52 to 0.60 0.60 to 0.95 0.15 to 0.30 0.035 0.035 0.65 to 0.95 - - - - - 60Si7 SUP-7, 9260 Silicon Alloy Steel 0.56 to 0.64 0.70 to 1.00 1.80 to 2.20 0.035 0.035 - - - - - - 55SiCr7 9254 S
20、UP-12 Chrome Silicon Alloy Steel 0.52 to 0.60 0.70 to 1.00 1.50 to 1.80 0.050 0.050 0.63 to 0.77 - - - - - 55SiCr 9254 SHI-200 Chrome Silicon Alloy Steel 0.51 to 0.59 0.60 to 0.80 1.20 to 1.60 0.025 0.025 0.60 to 0.80 - - - - - 60SiCr7 60SiCr7 Chrome Silicon Alloy Steel 0.57 to 0.65 0.70 to 1.00 1.5
21、0 to 1.80 0.030 0.030 0.20 to 0.40 - - - - - 60SiCr3 9259 Chrome Silicon Alloy Steel 0.56 to 0.64 0.75 to 1.00 0.70 to 1.10 0.030 0.040 0.45 to 0.65 - - - - - 54SiCr6 54SiCr6 55CrSi B55SiCr High Strength Spring Steel 0.51 to 0.59 0.50 to 0.80 1.20 to 1.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 to 0.80 - - - - - 54SiCrV6
22、54SiCrV6 55CrSiV, B55SiCrV SWI200-D High Strength Spring Steel 0.51 to 0.59 0.50 to 0.80 1.20 to 1.60 0.025 0.025 0.50 to 0.80 - 0.10 to 0.25 - - - 51CrV4 51CrV4 Chrome Vanadium Alloy Steel 0.47 to 0.55 0.70 to 1.00 0.15 to 0.40 0.035 0.035 0.90 to 1.20 - 0.10 to 0.25 - - - 45CrMnSiVNb 92V45 High St
23、rength Spring Steel 0.40 to 0.50 1.10 to 1.40 1.15 to 1.50 0.025 0.015 0.45 to 0.75 0.015 to 0.030 0.12 to 0.17 - 0.04 0.010 54CrSiNb HDS-12 High Strength Spring Steel 0.51 to 0.59 0.40 to 0.60 1.45 to 1.75 0.025 0.025 0.70 to 0.90 0.02 to 0.06 0.25 to 0.25 0.08 to 0.15 - - 57CrSiV StelR, StelRMM Hi
24、gh Strength Spring Steel 0.50 to 0.64 0.60 to 0.90 0.80 to 1.35 0.020 0.025 0.40 to 0.60 0.05 0.08 to 0.13 0.06 0.005 0.02 60CrSiV SRS60 High Strength Spring Steel 0.50 to 0.70 0.1 to 1.0 1.00 to 1.80 0.030 0.030 0.30 to 0.70 0.02 to 0.10 Note 20.03 to 0.50 - - - 45CrSiCuV Note 3 ND120S High Strengt
25、h Spring Steel 0.30 to 0.60 0.10 to 0.50 1.00 to 2.00 0.030 0.0015 0.40 to 1.00 - 0.10 to 0.30 - - - 40CrSiMoCoW Note 4UHS1900 High Strength Spring Steel 0.30 to 0.49 0.10 to 0.50 1.00 to 3.00 0.030 0.030 0.50 to 1.50 - - 0.10 to 0.50 - - 47SiMnCrVB Note 5 POSHIS 120 High Strength Spring Steel 0.40
26、to 0.55 0.50 to 1.00 1.20 to 2.20 0.017 0.01 0.50 to 1.50 - 0.05 to 0.20 - 0.02 to 0.06 - 54SiMnCrNbVCuNiTi Note 6POSHIS 125 High Strength Spring Steel 0.40 to 0.60 0.50 to 1.00 1.00 to 2.00 0.017 0.01 0.50 to 1.00 0.01 to 0.04 0.05 to 0.20 - 0.04 - 52SiMnCrVB Note 5 POSHIS 130 High Strength Spring
27、Steel 0.45 to 0.60 0.50 to 1.00 1.40 to 2.40 0.015 0.01 0.50 to 1.50 - 0.05 to 0.20 - 0.02 to 0.06 - Note 1: Product analysis. Individual composition values are maximum. Iron is balance. All compositions are weight percentage unless otherwise noted. Unless otherwise specified, the residual elements
28、are: 0.35% Cu, 0.25% Ni, 0.20% Cr, and 0.06% Mo. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14656 Copyright 2013 General Motors Comp
29、any All Rights Reserved July 2013 Page 4 of 11 Note 2: May contain (0.02 to 0.10)% Zr or (0.02 to 0.10)% Ti, instead of (0.02 to 0.10)% Nb. Note 3: Also contains the following: (1.01 to 1.20)% Ni, (0.10 to 0.30)% Copper, 0.0015% O, (0.001 to 0.005)% Ca. I 1.10% where I = (0.449 to 10.839)% S + 0.249
30、% Ni + 0.295% Cr + 0.878% Cu + 0.843% V. Note 4: Ni 1.00%, (0.10 to 3.00)% Co, (0.10 to 1.00)% W, 2.5% FP 4.5% where: FP = (0.23C + 0.1) x (0.7Si + 1) x (3.5Mn + 1) x (2.2Cr + 1) x (0.4Ni + 1) x (3Mo + 1). Note 5: Cu (0.10 to 0.30)%, Ni (0.10 to 0.50)%, Ti (0.01 to 0.05)%, B (0.001 to 0.005)%. Note
31、6: Cu (0.20 to 0.40)%, Ni (0.20 to 0.40)%, Ti (0.01 to 0.07)%, B (0.005)% maximum. 3.4 Mechanical Properties in the Hardened and Tempered Condition. The spring manufacturer shall select from the property classes shown in Table 5 for Leaf and Coil Springs in the hardened and tempered condition. Mecha
32、nical Property values identified in bold are mandatory. Non-bold Mechanical Property values are for reference only and are not required for routine quality control. Classes 1 thru 4 are typically selected for hot-formed leaf and coil springs. Classes 5 thru 7 are typically pre-treated bars for cold-
33、coiled applications. The Mechanical Property Class shall be noted on the part drawing. 3.5 Structure. 3.5.1 Microstructure. The microstructure in the hardened and tempered condition shall be fine-tempered martensite. 3.5.2 Austenite Grain Size. The austenite grain size shall be determined by either
34、Method 1 described in 3.5.2.1 or Method 2 described in 3.5.2.2. 3.5.2.1 Austenite Grain Size Method 1. After a holding time of 90 minutes at (+850 10) C and subsequent quenching in water at a temperature of (+23 5) C, the characteristic value of the grain size shall be 5 to 8, Figures V thru VIII in
35、 DIN 50601. Test coupons may be pre-treated at +1150 C for 30 minutes in air. 3.5.2.2 Austenite Grain Size Method 2. Austenite grain size 5 or finer according to ASTM A29, ASTM E112 or JIS G0551. 3.5.3 Internal Cleanliness. The internal cleanliness shall be determined by one of the following methods
36、: 3.5.3.1 Internal Cleanliness Method 1. The inclusions shall not exceed the size 3 of row q according to EN 10247, Method M. Isolated inclusions larger than size 3 which are not representative of the heat are acceptable as long as they do not detrimentally affect the service life of the spring. 3.5
37、.3.2 Internal Cleanliness Method 2. The internal cleanliness shall meet the minimum requirements in Table 6 when tested according to ASTM E45, Method A. Table 5: Mechanical Properties Note 1 Property Class Application Hardness, BHN 3000 kg Load Note 2 Vickers Hardness HV50 Note 2 Tensile Strength in
38、 MPa 0.2% Yield Strength in MPa 1 Leaf Spring 401 to 461 430 to 500 1390 to 1620 1250 to 1450 2 Leaf Spring 415 to 477 450 to 515 1450 to 1675 1300 to 1500 3 Coil Spring 461 to 514 500 to 550 1620 to 1820 1450 to 1600 4 Coil Spring 477 to 555 515 to 595 1675 to 1965 1500 to 1750 5 Coil Spring 514 to
39、 534 545 to 570 1800 to 1900 1620 to 1700 6 Coil Spring 534 Typical 575 to 605 1900 to 2000 1710 to 1800 7 Coil Spring 534 Typical 600 to 630 2000 to 2100 1800 to 1890 N Note 3 Coil Spring 555 Note 4 595 Note 4 2100 Note 5 1890 Note 1: Property values listed in bold are mandatory. Mechanical Propert
40、ies shall be evaluated according to ASTM E8; Vickers Hardness according to ASTM E92; Brinell Hardness according to ASTM E10. Note 2: The spring manufacturer can evaluate hardness with either the Vickers or Brinell test methods. Either method is acceptable. Note 3: This class shall be used for materi
41、al exceeding the requirements of the alternative classes. The requirement range shall be documented on the released engineering drawing. Note 4: Mandatory hardness. Note 5: Mandatory strength. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo
42、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW14656 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved July 2013 Page 5 of 11 Table 6: Non-Metallic Inclusions Inclusion Type Note 1 A B C D Severity Note 2 T H T H T H T H High-Strength
43、Spring Steel 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 All Other Spring Steels Defined by This Specification 3.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 Note 1: A = Sulfides; B = Alumina; C = Silicates; D = Globular Oxides Note 2: T = Thin; H = Heavy 3.6 Surface Condition. Springs can be supplied in the hot rolled as rol
44、led condition, hot rolled and drawn condition or the surface-prepared condition. The spring maker shall select the appropriate surface condition based on the durability and design requirements. Decarburization shall be measured in the hardened and tempered condition. Surface condition shall be noted
45、 on the part drawing. 3.6.1 Coil Springs. There shall be no complete decarburization according to SAE J419, Type I. Partial decarburization, SAE J419 Type II, shall not exceed 50 m in depth. 3.6.2 Leaf Springs. There shall be no complete decarburization according to SAE J419, Type I. Partial decarbu
46、rization, SAE J419, Type II, shall be 3 mm in diameter. The gravelometer-tested parts shall be exposed to a salt spray environment according to GMW3286 for 24 h in order to highlight the ratable chips. Type B coatings shall show a chip resistance of no more than two (2) breaks which are 3 mm in diam
47、eter or larger in any 50 mm length of wire. The gravelometer-tested parts shall be exposed to a salt spray environment according to GMW3286 for 24 h in order to highlight the ratable chips. Type C coatings shall show a chip resistance of no more than two (2) breaks which are 3 mm in diameter or larg
48、er in any 50 mm length of wire. The gravelometer-tested parts shall be exposed to a salt spray environment according to GMW3286 for 24 h in order to highlight the ratable chips. Type D coatings shall show a chip resistance of no more than two (2) breaks which are 3 mm in diameter or larger in any 50
49、 mm length of wire. The gravelometer-tested parts shall be exposed to a salt spray environment according to GMW3286 for 24 h in order to highlight the ratable chips. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW1465
