1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS General Specification GMW15195 Documentation for Control of Appearance Aesthetic Quality; Color and Gloss Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2013 Page 1 of 5 1 Introduction Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicable laws and regu
2、lations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Scope. This procedure shall be followed to allow for a part manufacturers ongoing control of appearance quality for production parts. Appearance quality pertains to aest
3、hetic properties, specifically color and gloss for this document, to ensure harmony coordination (for interior trim components) as originally approved by the Appearance Approval Report (AAR). The concept of quality control (QC) for aesthetic properties is relevant to exterior trim as well as interio
4、r trim. This specifications primary focus is for low gloss interior trim. This procedure defines the instrumental measurement criteria and documentation, as well as a procedure for working standards, required for a supplier of appearance parts to control appearance aesthetic quality. The following f
5、unctional areas support this procedure: GM Design Quality Supplier of the production part GM Supplier Quality groups GM continues to specify color and gloss via a visual match to the appropriate master (such as the Primary Color Master, Primary Gloss Master, or Production Part Approval Process (PPAP
6、) Master), as documented on the Color and Trim Design Appearance Release (CTDAR), Design Appearance Release (DAR), or Appearance Requirements Drawing (ARD) referenced in the part math data file (or drawing). Visual evaluation remains the primary requirement for match-to requirements into GM. Visual
7、requirements are used to ensure color harmony across various parts manufactured from different materials and processes where part differences may negatively affect instrument performance. 1.2 Mission/Theme. This procedure is supplemental information to the Pre-texture, Post-texture, and Part Appeara
8、nce Approval Report (AAR) procedures specified in the PPAP manual published by the AIAG (Automotive Industry Action Group). These techniques are set forth to ensure vehicle aesthetic appearance harmony through Statistical Process Control (SPC) of appearance attributes. 1.3 Classification. This proce
9、dure is relevant to all parts with color and gloss match-to requirements. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ASTM D523 ASTM E306 ISO 7727/1 ASTM D2244 ASTM E1164 SAE J361 ASTM D2457 ASTM E1499 SAE J1
10、545 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 GMW6992 GMW15777 2.3 Additional References. None Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARD
11、S GMW15195 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2013 Page 2 of 5 3 Requirements 3.1 General Requirements for Master Plaques and Master Parts. 3.1.1 Visual evaluations of color and gloss shall be made under the conditions detailed in GMW6992 and SAE J361 as specified in the
12、various material specifications. Evaluators of color and gloss must have proven capability as determined by methods such as the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Test and/or Ishahara Test for Colorblindness (refer to ASTM E1499 and SAE J361, Section 9 Color Discrimination) on a biennial basis. 3.1.2
13、Masters shall be cared for in accordance with the directions on the protective sleeve of the GM Primary Master Standard and industry standard practices. 3.1.2.1 All masters shall be handled with extreme care. Protect the masters from becoming contaminated or soiled. 3.1.2.2 Do not clean the masters,
14、 if possible, or follow bag instructions if cleaning is absolutely necessary. Ensure that cleaning does not change the appearance attributes of the master. 3.1.2.3 Avoid long exposures to heat and light during use and storage of the masters. 3.1.2.4 Store all masters in a cool, dry, dark place and P
15、rimary Master Standards in their protective sleeves. 3.1.2.5 Always wear clean, soft (preferably cotton) gloves when handling the masters. 3.1.3 Masters shall be measured in accordance with the directions on the Master Standard or industry standard practices. 3.1.3.1 Color Measurements. 3.1.3.1.1 Me
16、asure and record the numerical color measurements upon receipt of master standard (Primary Color Master and/or PPAP Master). Measure the color on the master plaques non-grained surface unless directed otherwise by GM. These measurements will be used to verify the integrity of the masters throughout
17、their lifetime. 3.1.3.1.2 Spectrophotometer Measurements for Primary Color Master Color Position. Use CIE Lab or CMC color space (DL*, Da*, Db*, DE/DE CMC) with a spectrophotometer capable of taking measurements with the following parameters: Illuminant D65, 10 Observer, Specular Included, and Spher
18、e Geometry unless specified otherwise. Refer to conditions specified with the master. Reference GMW15777, ISO 7727/1, ASTM D2244, ASTM E306, ASTM E1164, and SAE J1545 for more information on color science and tolerancing. 3.1.3.1.3 Spectrophotometer Measurement of Color Appearance for Quality Contro
19、l Purposes. Use a 45/0 (circumferential), and respective of inverse, geometry instrument. Use CIE Lab or CMC color space (DL*, Da*, Db*, DE/DE CMC) with a spectrophotometer capable of taking measurements with the following parameters: Illuminant D65, 10 Observer. An integrating sphere geometry (diff
20、use) spectrometer may also be used. If sphere geometry is used, measurements must be made with specular angle excluded d/8 geometry. Note: The sphere geometry utilizes specular excluded for quality control purposes of color appearance. Master color matching utilizes Specular Included for a measureme
21、nt of color position without the effects of gloss and texture. 3.1.3.2 Gloss Measurements. 3.1.3.2.1 Measure and record the gloss meter reading upon receipt of the master standard (Primary Gloss Master and/or PPAP Master). Measure the gloss on the master plaques non-grained surface unless directed o
22、therwise by GM. These measurements will be used to verify the integrity of the masters throughout their lifetime. 3.1.3.2.2 Gloss Meter Readings. Use a 60 geometry gloss meter in accordance with ASTM D523 and ASTM D2457. Note: The user may determine which measurement methods to use if no color and g
23、loss measurement parameters are described on the master. 3.1.4 Monitor the Primary Master Standard and PPAP Masters for color and gloss regularly to ensure its quality by periodically numerically measuring the color and gloss. Record the data, which shall be available upon request. Copyright General
24、 Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW15195 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2013 Page 3 of 5 3.1.4.1 Replace with
25、 a new master if the master shifts in color by more than 0.3 DE (0.5 DE CMC), and/or in gloss 0.25 units for PGC or PGE gloss masters and 0.5 for PGF, GLG, and other higher gloss masters. 3.1.5 PPAP Masters and AAR approved parts shall be handled as described in 3.1.2. More detailed part storage con
26、ditions may be specified by GM Supplier Quality. Lost or damaged AAR approved parts, including parts which no longer are within tolerance of the original AAR visual approval and measurements, shall require a new AAR submission and approval for replacement in accordance with the PPAP manual. 3.2 Supp
27、lier Responsibility for Maintaining Part Appearance Attributes. 3.2.1 It is the suppliers responsibility to retain signed-off parts when the GM Design Quality Launch Lead gives PPAP AAR approval. One part per color, minimum, shall be retained from the PPAP Harmony Review for the life of the program
28、by the supplier. An additional appropriate number of parts (typically three (3) parts to support their supply chain) of each color, per cavity, shall also be submitted. The original part signed and dated by the GM Design Quality Launch Lead shall be referred to as the AAR Master Part Sample. 3.2.2 T
29、he supplier shall measure the color and gloss of the part being submitted for PPAP AAR approval to obtain numeric values for color and gloss. The tristimulus values and gloss units must be logged by the supplier using the suppliers equipment. The tristimulus and gloss values shall be recorded on the
30、 AAR for documentation purposes. 3.2.3 Specific areas on a part must be identified for obtaining the most accurate and appropriate gloss readings. The target locations shall be determined and measured by the supplier with GM Supplier Quality (SQ) approval during part development. The target location
31、s shall include a method to ensure measurement repeatability, such as, but not limited to, templates, guides, or measurement fixtures. Record the average of three (3) readings from each measurement location in accordance with standard SPC practices. In addition, the visual comments must be recorded.
32、 Comments shall be kept on attributes such as flow lines, knit lines, mottling, surface inconsistencies, and other anomalies. Typically, three (3) points on the parts surface shall be identified. Larger parts will require more points. Documentation shall be available during the part run at rate tria
33、ls and made available upon request at later times. Note: GM match-to criteria is visual; visual always overrides numerical readings. 3.2.4 The supplier shall resubmit color and gloss data on the AAR after the PPAP Appearance Harmony Review if adjustments to color and gloss are made to the part for v
34、ehicle harmony. 3.2.5 Multiple Working Part Masters shall be created by the supplier for the purpose of ongoing visual evaluation of production parts. The Working Part Masters, qualified in accordance with conditions as described in 3.1, shall be deemed acceptable for use if the visual appearance an
35、d the numeric color and gloss measurements are in agreement with the original AAR Master Part Sample. This, and checking of the Working Part Masters for shift in appearance, should be the only use of the AAR Master Part Sample. The visual evaluation of parts, confirming adherence to this specificati
36、on, shall be performed under the conditions described in 3.1.1. 3.2.6 The AAR Master Part Sample and the Working Part Master become the manufacturing locations primary visual and numerical standard. The GM Primary Color Masters, Gloss Masters, and PPAP Masters become reference master standards. 3.2.
37、7 Subsequent production parts must be measured for color and gloss at a frequency as outlined in the suppliers production control plan. Note: The supplier may benefit from investigating the use of a multiple angle gloss meter and using the 85 geometry in parallel with the 60 geometry for low gloss a
38、pplications. Other advances, current and future, which improve the measurement precision, accuracy, and repeatability for color and gloss, should also be investigated. 3.2.7.1 Measured numeric color and gloss readings shall be recorded and plotted on a control chart in accordance with standard SPC p
39、ractices. They shall be charted by color and by tool to obtain usable results. Part visual evaluations of color and gloss relative to the Working Part Master, with comments, shall also be recorded. Gloss meter readings are an effective tool for monitoring acceptable gloss positions when measured at
40、precise locations when other variables are controlled and when coupled with visual evaluation. Measurements must be taken in the same specific areas on the part as originally agreed upon and recorded at the time of AAR approval, as outlined in 3.2.2 and 3.2.3. Copyright General Motors Company Provid
41、ed by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW15195 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2013 Page 4 of 5 3.2.7.2 The supplier should expect that th
42、e SPC analysis of color and gloss will drive the need to also identify, understand, measure, plot, and analyze the unique process parameters that affect color and gloss. 3.2.8 The color and gloss measurements initial recommended control limit for the original AAR Master Part Sample shall be 3 based
43、upon the initial part capability run. Note: GM match-to criteria is visual; visual evaluation overrides numerical readings. Numerical evaluations are to aid the part manufacturers process control. 3.2.9 The supplier shall set up color and gloss tolerances that correlate to and support the visual app
44、rovals of the AAR Master Part Sample. The gloss tolerances shall protect against the production parts gloss shifting to the next gloss level. 3.2.10 Guidelines for a supplier Control Plan for color and gloss as well as Preventative Maintenance for tool cleaning (in machine aerosol spray with air bla
45、st to dry ice blasting cleaning) recommendations, and gloss control blasting (media or grit blasting) for surface texture adjustments are described in separate documentation. 3.3 Documentation. The test report shall contain: the sample identification, testing date, measurement equipment identificati
46、on, equipment geometry, equipment setup parameters, measured values that include standard deviation, and identification of the masters that include the date of release. 4 Validation 4.1 General. Not applicable. 4.2 Validation Cross Reference Index. Not applicable. 4.3 Supporting Paragraphs. Not appl
47、icable. 5 Provisions for Shipping Not applicable. 6 Notes 6.1 Glossary. Not applicable. 6.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. Sigma AAR Appearance Approval Report AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group ARD Appearance Requirements Drawing ASTM ASTM International CTDAR Color and Trim Design Appeara
48、nce Release DAR Design Appearance Release ISO International Organization for Standardization PPAP Production Part Approval Process QC Quality Control SAE SAE International SPC Statistical Process Control SQ Supplier Quality 7 Additional Paragraphs 7.1 All parts or systems supplied to this standard m
49、ust comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Restricted and Reportable Substances for Parts. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW15195 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2013 Page 5 of 5 8 Coding System This standard shall b
