1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW16016 Mirror Button/Hardware Bonded to Glass Performance Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 1 of 8 1 Scope 1.1 Material Description. This specification covers the durability and adhesion performance of
2、inside rearview mirror support studs, sensor farm brackets, and other hardware bonded to automotive glass. 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3 Typical Applications. Typical applications include but are not restricted to bonded mirror buttons, Remote Function Antenna brackets, antenna studs/brackets, La
3、ne Departure Warning and Sensor Farm Pins. 1.4 Remarks. Materials used for and subject to this performance requirement are adhesive bonding systems with glass hardware, metal, or plastic. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External St
4、andards/Specifications. ASTM D412 ISO 180 SAE J2412 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3041 GMW3371 GMW14729 GMW15851 GMW3059 GMW3417 GMW15201 GMW3221 GMW14124 GMW15329 GMW3368 GMW14162 GMW15671 2.3 Additional References. TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ). 3 Requi
5、rements 3.1 Requirements on Test Specimens. Reference GMW3221. 3.1.1 Sample Conditioning. All samples are to be conditioned prior to each requirement test to GMW3221, Code A. 3.1.2 As-Received. As received refers to the production parts/test samples in the As-Received state at the intended GM vehicl
6、e assemble center. This includes full cure conditions of the adhesive systems based upon the manufacture recommended requirements. 3.1.3 Bonded Hardware. Mirror buttons, brackets, bracket attachment pins, locator pins and other hardware that are adhesively attached to automotive glass must meet the
7、following bonding performance. 3.1.4 Test Samples. Production intent hardware, adhesive, glass, and processes shall be used when creating samples for this test. Hardware with adhesive shall be mounted on production glazing or laminated glass samples measuring 70 mm 150 mm minimum. Three (3) test sam
8、ples are to be used for each test environment per each test condition. 3.1.5 Adhesive Wet-Out. The adhesive wet-out defines the amount of adhesive area covering the total area of the bonded surface or substrate. The bonded surface refers to both surfaces attached by the adhesive system. The adhesive
9、 system can be pressure sensitive adhesive tape (PSAT) or Non-PSAT such as Polyurethane glass adhesive. Bonded assemblies must demonstrate a minimum 85% wet-out of the adhesive on each bonded substrate. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for
10、 ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16016 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 2 of 8 3.1.5.1 Wet-out of any surface may be confirmed by applying a non-bondable material like Teflon tap
11、e, lubricant, or water Art Paint, to the intended substrate. If cure or dry time is required, perform per manufactures recommendations. Apply adhesive and allow to cure/set-up via production intent processes. After cure/set-up, separate adhesive from the substrate(s). Observe the adhesive and substr
12、ate the adhesive was removed from. Measure and calculate the total adhesive coverage verses the total intended surface to be bonded. Report in percentage of adhesive wet-out. 3.2 Adhesive Type. 3.2.1 Autoclave Adhesives. Autoclave adhesives are types that require a bake condition performed generally
13、 during the autoclave process, e.g., Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB), Structural Bonding Tape (SBT). The bake is not restricted to Autoclave, so may also be performed post Autoclave. 3.2.2 Post Autoclave, Low Modulus, High Elongation Adhesives. Post Autoclave adhesives shall have a Modulus 200% when tested
14、per GMW15329 and ASTM D412, Method A, Die C respectively. These are typically glass bonding, moisture cure polyurethane adhesives. Deviations to this type adhesive must specifically be requested to the regionally responsible GM Materials Engineering Group prior to any production intent validation. 3
15、.2.3 Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape (PSAT). Section 3.3 defines the bonding performance for post autoclave, pressure sensitive adhesive tape attached hardware. This attachment method is intended for light, assembly aid trim, e.g., locator pins. It is not intended for hardware that retains function
16、ally attached components, e.g., mirror bracket, glass hinges, or sensor farm pins. 3.3 Test Requirements. 3.3.1 Mirror Button/Bracket Creep Resistance. In addition to the described test sample preparation, mount a 64 mm (from glass) rigid extension arm to the required mirror button/bracket with a 10
17、00 g weight attached no more than 6 mm inward from the end of the extension. With the glass in vehicle position, mount the extension arm to the button/bracket on the glass parallel to horizontal. The bonded assembly must withstand the environmental exposures per 3.3.1.1 and 3.3.1.2 without delaminat
18、ion. 3.3.1.1 One Thousand Hours (1000 h) Humidity. Expose to one (1) thousand (1000 h) humidity per GMW14729 Option A at 65 C, 80% 5% relative humidity (RH). 3.3.1.2 Natural Weathering. Expose test samples to 150 000 temperature normalized radiation (TNR) Langleys natural weathering exposure per GMW
19、3417; L2-F1-G2-T5. Test samples are required to have the 1000 g weight attached as described in 3.3.2.1 during exposure. Glass construction and test location may vary by agreement of the GM regionally responsible engineer. Note: Surrogate data may be used, if the production intent adhesive system ha
20、s existing data showing capability after natural weathering exposure. 3.3.1.3 Creep Resistance for Hardware Other Than Mirror Buttons/Bracket, e.g., Farm Sensor Pins. In addition to the described test sample preparation, mount a 150% mass of the intended production assembly to the attached hardware.
21、 If multiple attachment points are to be used such as a multiple sensor farm pin system, single pin test samples may be employed with an equal amount of distributed mass applied. For example: 4 Pin System, total mass 150%/4 = equally distributed mass. The test sample/assembly must be tested in vehic
22、le position. Locator Pins are excluded here, but covered in 3.4. 3.3.1.4 Requirement. The bonded assembly must withstand the environmental exposures without delamination. Cohesive separation of the adhesive and/or substrate break/tear required. 3.3.2 Side Impact Adhesion. All attached hardware must
23、meet Impact Adhesion. See Figure 1 and Figure 1A for test setup. Locator Pins are excluded. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
24、GMW16016 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 3 of 8 Figure 1: Impact Tester Figure 1A: Impact Test Setup Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
25、se from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16016 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 4 of 8 3.3.2.1 Exposure Environments. 3.3.2.1.1 As-received. 3.3.2.1.2 One thousand (1000) h humidity per GMW14729 Option A at 65 C, 80% 5% relative humidity. 3.3.2.1
26、.3 Environmental GMW14124, 1 Cycle D. 3.3.2.1.4 Accelerated Weathering Resistance. Expose to 2500 kJ/m2 per SAE J2412 or 38 MJ/m2 per GMW14162 Cycle C. Unless otherwise specified, use Irradiance 70 W/m2 Test samples or parts may be used for exposure at the discretion and approval of the GM Materials
27、 Engineering Group. 3.3.2.1.5 Natural Weathering. Expose test samples to 15 000 TNR Langleys natural weathering exposure per GMW3417; L2-F1-G2-T5. Test samples are required to have the 1000 g weight attached as described in 3.3.1 during exposure. Glass construction and test location may vary by agre
28、ement of the GM regionally responsible engineer. Note: Surrogate data may be used, if the production intent adhesive system has existing data showing capability to side impact after natural weathering exposure. 3.3.2.1.6 Low Temperature Soak. Four (4) h at -30 C. Impact at temperature. 3.3.2.2 Requi
29、rement. The bonded test sample must withstand one (1), 2.7 J side impact when an unnotched test sample is impacted edgewise and parallel per ISO 180. See Figure 1 example. Test as-received and after each of the environment exposure as described in environmental exposures. No delamination is allowed.
30、 Cohesive separation of the adhesive and/or substrate break/tear is required. 3.3.3 Torque, Mirror Button/Brackets/Hardware. All bonded, attached mirror button/brackets and hardware must meet the adhesion torque requirements. Sensor farm pins require Perpendicular Torque only. Locator Pins excluded.
31、 3.3.3.1 Torque Implement/Tool. The torque implement/tool must be attached directly to the bonded mirror button/bracket. Distance/length shall not be added between button/bracket and implement/tool. 3.3.3.2 Parallel and Perpendicular (Peel) Torque. Two (2) test modes, Parallel and Perpendicular Torq
32、ue, will be completed. A lever arm device, capable of measuring torque, shall be attached and secured to a fixture compatible with the bonded mirror button bracket or hardware. 3.3.3.2.1 Parallel Torque. Parallel Torque is performed by exerting a rotational force to a lever arm that is parallel to t
33、he plane of the glazing. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are examples of this test setup. Figure 2: Parallel Torque Setup Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE EN
34、GINEERING STANDARDS GMW16016 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 5 of 8 Figure 3: Parallel Torque Setup 3.3.3.2.2 Perpendicular Torque. Perpendicular Torque is performed by exerting a rotational force to a lever arm that is perpendicular to the plane of the glaz
35、ing. Figure 4 shows an example of this test setup. Figure 4: Perpendicular Torque Setup 3.3.3.3 Torque Requirement. Torque test assemblies after each environment until completion of each method, Parallel and Perpendicular. 3.3.3.3.1 Torque to Load. The bonded hardware test samples must withstand a t
36、orque of 15.2 Nm for 2 s without evidence of delamination after each of the exposures in 3.3.2.1.1 through 3.3.2.1.6. Glass breakage is acceptable when adhesion to broken glass/substrate is maintained. 3.3.3.3.1.1 Torque to Load Variation. Values for application hardware, other than mirror buttons/b
37、rackets may vary. It may be 15.2 Nm, based upon materials and bonding area design. These deviations must be agreed to by the responsible GM Materials Engineering Group. 3.3.3.3.2 Torque to Separation. The bonded hardware test samples must demonstrate cohesive separation of the adhesive and/or substr
38、ate break after each of the exposures in 3.3.2.1.1 through 3.3.2.1.6 when tested to failure. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
39、 GMW16016 Copyright 2013 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved March 2013 Page 6 of 8 3.4 Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tape (PSAT) Attachments, Fixed Glass Locating/Retaining Pins. Locator/retaining pin assembly aids pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) Tapes must meet the requirements of GMW15201
40、. Refer to 3.5 if non-PSA systems are to be used for bonded locating/retaining pins. 3.4.1 PSAT Wet-out, GMW15851. Bonded assemblies that are pressure sensitive attached must demonstrate a minimum 85% wet-out of the adhesive when tested per GMW15851. Production design and process capability for this
41、 requirement must be proven and documented in the test report. 3.4.2 Test Samples. Use production intent glass assembly, locator pins and adhesive/primer systems for bonded test samples. All materials used must be agreed to by the responsible GM Materials Engineering Group prior to the onset of test
42、ing. Three (3) test assemblies minimum (a test set) shall be tested at each environment test condition. 3.4.3 Ninety Degree (90) Peel Strength, GMW15671. The bonded assembly must demonstrate a minimum peel of 20 N and foam split after 72 h Peel, accelerated age, humidity and cycle test described und
43、er 90 degrees. Peel Strength in GMW15671. 3.4.4 Pluck Test (Tensile Adhesion), GMW15201. The bonded assembly must demonstrate a minimum tensile force of 250 N after environments of 3.4.4.1 and 3.4.4.2. For applications with a bonded surface area less than 900 mm2, the minimum requirement may be less
44、 than 250 N. Contact the responsible GM Materials Engineering Group for the minimum value. 3.4.4.1 As-received, within 72 h of bonding application. 3.4.4.2 Environmental cycle (5 times) to GMW14124, Cycle W. 3.5 Non-PSA Bonded Locating/Retaining Pins, GMW3371 Shear Adhesion. Locating/Retaining Pins
45、bonded to fixed glass with other than PSAs must meet the performance of GMW3041 when tested per GMW3371, Shear Adhesion. Test samples after exposed to Initial, Heat Age, Humidity and five (5) Cycles. GMW14124 Cycle I environments only as referenced in GMW3041. Cohesive separation and/or substrate br
46、eak of the bonded test samples are required. 3.6 Substrate Bonding Compatibility per GMW3368. This testing is performed at the discretion of GM Engineering to establish bonding compatibility between non-PSA systems (e.g., Polyurethane Adhesive) and production intent substrates. Non-PSA attachments m
47、ust meet the cured requirements of the Quick Knife Adhesion per GMW3041. Expose samples to all environments as defined in the quick knife adhesion (QKA) section except Cold Cure. As required by each application, QKA per GMW3368 should be performed separately to each bonded substrate. 3.7 Appearance.
48、 The appearance of the adhesive system must not significantly change from the approved standard during and after all the exposures stated in 3.3.1.1 and 3.3.1.2. 3.8 Approval and Compatibility. 3.8.1 New Adhesive or Glass Systems. New adhesive or glass/frit systems must meet all applicable requireme
49、nts as described in this specification. 3.8.2 New Combinations. New combinations of previously approved systems, glass/frit, primer(s) and adhesive must meet all applicable requirements of this specification excluding long term natural weathering per GMW3417. 4 Manufacturing Process The production intent process must be used for hardware attachment under this requirement must be declared in the complet
