1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW16243 Decorative Exterior Decals - Foils Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 10 1 Scope Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applicab
2、le laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. This specification covers the performance requirements of exterior decorative striping and graphics with pressure sensitive adhesive and a suitable release l
3、iner. It also includes premasks for ease of application, location, and protection during application. Typical examples are shown in Appendix A, Figure A1. A special Type IIIB construction is intended for exterior wood grain film. 1.1 Material Description. 1.1.1 Types IA and IB films are used for acc
4、ent stripes (pin stripes), blackout films (pillars and protected exterior surfaces) and inserts. Sill plate constructions can vary from Types IA and IB, by using multiple layers. 1.1.2 Type II films include usage in various graphic packages, legends, accent/two-tone stripe end caps, inserts, and doo
5、r handle tapes. 1.1.3 Types IIIA and IIIB films include usage in various graphics packages, legends, and wood grains (Type IIIB). 1.1.4 Types IVA and IVB films include two-tone stripes. 1.1.5 Types VA and VB films include low profile individual letters and emblems, approximately 1 mm thick. They are
6、 available in various colors, and bright (chrome, gold, satin chrome, etc.) 1.1.6 Pressure Sensitive Adhesive. Many of the types use a 0.0125 mm (nominal) thick pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The PSA thickness will be specified on the part drawing, or in the math data file. The adhesive can also
7、 be patterned for a bubble free application. A “BF-PSA“ suffix will be added to the material call-out on the part drawing, or math data file. 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3 Typical Applications. Not applicable. 1.4 Remarks. These films have limited gravel and abrasion resistance. Consider using ur
8、ethane film (GMW15957) in high chip areas. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ISO 105-A03 ISO 8510-2 ISO 7724-1 SAE J1545 ISO 8510-1 SAE J2527 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GM9531P GMW14334 GMW301
9、0 GMW14698 GMW3059 GMW14700 GMW3116 GMW14729 GMW3208 GMW14829 GMW3221 GMW14873 GMW14124 GMW15777 GMW14333 GMW15957 2.3 Additional References. BYK Catalog located at http:/ TMC003 Material Data Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at ) 3 Requirements 3.1 General Requirements. 3.1.1 Appeara
10、nce. Color, pattern and gloss of material shall be equivalent to approved master standards when viewed per GMW15777. 3.1.2 Premask. The premask shall be a clear plastic film, 0.035 0.005 mm thick. Other types of premasks specified for ease of application are optional with the supplier. Specific samp
11、les must receive Engineering approval. 3.2 Physical Requirements. 3.2.1 Sample Preparation. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS
12、GMW16243 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 2 of 10 3.2.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, test panels shall be representative of production intent substrates and coatings. For generic, or initial approval, test on the following paint systems (for North America, ot
13、her regions to select their common paint system(s): a. Dupont 541/542 basecoat, RK8148 clearcoat. b. BASF R98/R99 basecoat, E10CG060S clearcoat. For initial approval, all tests are required to be run. Plastic squeegees must be used to apply decals to painted test panels. For physical tests, test una
14、pplied decals (film with adhesive) without premask and release liner. For all other tests, apply decal to the paint systems mentioned above. For application specific testing, test on the production intent substrate. 3.2.1.2 All samples after environmental exposure, unless otherwise specified, shall
15、be conditioned and tested for 4 h to GMW3221, Code A. 3.2.2 Tensile Strength (longitudinal and transverse direction) per GMW3010, Code L, where D2 = 25 mm, D3 = 50 mm, D4 = 13 mm, and pretension = 0.5 N/mm2. Types I, II, III and IV 12 MPa minimum Type V 10 MPa minimum 3.2.3 Elongation at Break (long
16、itudinal and transverse direction) per GMW3010, Code L, where D2 = 25 mm, D3 = 50 mm, D4 = 13 mm, and pretension = 0.5 N/mm2. The elongation shall be 100% minimum for Type IB, and 15% minimum for Types IA, II, III, IV and V. 3.2.4 Stress-Strain Curve per GMW3010, Code L - Load 10N, where D2 = 25 mm,
17、 D3 = 50 mm, D4 = 13 mm, and pretension = 0.5 N/mm2. The stress-strain curve to be kept on file by the Material Engineer. 3.2.5 Temperature Resistance. Test samples (unapplied, with premask and release liner) of length 200 1 mm shall be used. The test shall be performed immediately after conditionin
18、g or in the as received condition. The benchmarks shall be 1 mm wide, but are clearly visible and shall not have any adverse effect on the test material. For strip and extruded materials, the gauge length shall be the length of the test piece, 200 1 mm. The test sample shall be subjected to the foll
19、owing test condition: 1 hr 5% by 85 2C After this test procedure, the test sample shall be allowed to cool down to a temperature of 23 2C. Result: There shall be no visible signs of deterioration such as loss of grain, blistering, delamination, plasticizer migration, etc., or other deterioration lik
20、ely to adversely affect serviceability. Maximum shrink 0.5%. 3.3 Performance Requirements. 3.3.1 Peel Strength (180 Degree) (ISO 8510-2). Cut the film (foil) into either 10 mm, or 25.4 mm wide strips. When bonded to a representative production substrate, prepared per 3.2.1, shall meet the minimum ad
21、hesion test requirements shown in Table 1. The samples shall be run on an Instron, or equivalent constant rate of extension machine, at a rate of 300 mm/minute. For sill plates, the top layer must remain attached when subjected to the environments in Table 1 (except Xenon). The minimum ambient 180 D
22、egree Peel Strength is 600 N/m (about 15 N per 25.4 mm of width) applied anywhere on the part including the periphery. Type V decals are tested using the 90 degree peel strength test (ISO 8510-1, or equivalent). Mount the test sample, bonded to a painted test panel, to a fixture (sled) that will mai
23、ntain a constant 90 degree angle during the peel strength test. Table 1: 180 Degree Peel Strength Environments Types I, II, III and IV Types V 30 minutes room temperature (RT) aging 350 N/m 500 N/m 72 h RT aging 600 N/m 750 N/m Heat aging per 3.4.1.1 600 N/m 750 N/m Thermally cycled per 3.4.1.2 Afte
24、r 72 h RT dwell 600 N/m 750 N/m Humidity exposure per 3.4.1.3 After 4 h RT dwell After 72 h RT dwell 350 N/m 600 N/m 350 N/m 750 N/m After Xenon per 3.4.1.5, 2500 kJ/m 600 N/m 750 N/m 3.3.2 Appearance Durability. Samples prepared per 3.2.1 shall not show any surface deterioration, objectionable shri
25、nkage (visible line of adhesive in the edge of film is unacceptable), objectionable color or gloss change, delamination, edge lifting, cracking, visible adhesion loss, pitting, blistering, or Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo r
26、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16243 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 3 of 10 any other degradation after exposure to any of the following tests: Heat Aging Thermal Cycling Humidity Florid
27、a Exposure Xenon Arc Exposure High Temperature The appearance requirements (except Florida and Xenon) in 3.3.2 also apply to any integrated layer of sill plate constructions. Note: When accelerated test results and Florida exposure results are in disagreement, the exposure results shall overrule. Fl
28、orida exposure samples may be washed with a mild detergent and water (ratio 5:95 by volume). 3.3.3 Abrasion Resistance. Test samples prepared per 3.2.1 shall show no loss of pattern (wear through clearcoating and subsequent ink layer to PVC base film) when tested per GMW3208 with a 500 g load using
29、CS-17 abrading wheels for the following minimum number of cycles: Type IA minimum 500 cycles Type IB minimum 500 cycles Type II minimum 300 cycles Type IIIA minimum 300 cycles Type IIIB minimum 500 cycles Type IVA minimum 500 cycles Type IVB minimum 500 cycles Type VA minimum 300 cycles Type VB mini
30、mum 300 cycles 3.3.4 Chip Resistance GMW14700 Method B/ Method C. Condition samples prepared per 3.2.1, and expose to the thermal cycle per 3.4.1.2. Run one pint of gravel (473 10 ml stones). For low chip areas, run at room temperature (Method C). The requirement is a maximum stone chip diameter of
31、3 mm, or 5% maximum film removal. For high chip areas, run at -18C (Method B). Same requirements as low chip areas. Contact Engineering for a definition of low chip, and high chip areas. These areas can vary by vehicle design. Substrate will also have an effect on chipping. 3.3.5 Cleaning Solvent Re
32、sistance (GMW14334-B). Prepare samples per 3.2.1. Shall exhibit no loss of adhesion, color, or gloss change, and shall meet rating of 3. 3.3.6 Fuel Resistance (GMW14333-A). Samples prepared per 3.2.1 shall exhibit no loss of adhesion, loss of gloss, color change, surface degradation, or tackiness. 3
33、.3.7 Tape Test. Types I through V. The purpose of this test is to measure the interlayer adhesion between the clearcoating, or film, and underlying ink, or film layers. After any of the exposure conditions (72 h room temperature, heat aging in 3.4.1.1, thermal cycling in 3.4.1.2, humidity in 3.4.1.3
34、, and Xenon Arc in 3.4.1.5), the topcoat must not be removed (minimum rating of 1) when subjected to GMW14829. After any of the exposure conditions, allow samples to recover for 24 h at room temperature before running the tape test. 3.3.8 Wrap Test (see Appendix B, Figure B1). After applying the fil
35、m to a simulated hem flange panel (with a radius of 1.5 mm, and a 3.5 mm wrap beyond the tangent of the radius) and subjecting it to the thermal cycle described in 3.4.1.2, there shall be no evidence of delamination, edge lifting, cracking, or other objectionable degradation. 3.3.8.1 Simulated hem f
36、lange panels can be purchased from Advanced Coating Technology, or equivalent. 3.3.9 Release Liner and Premask. Removal of the release liner from the premask and decal shall not cause the transfer to be dislodged from the premask. Always remove the release liner from the decal, never the decal from
37、the release liner. Upon installation of the decal, the premask shall be easily removed from the body surface and shall not cause lifting of the decal or tearing of the premask. Always remove the premask by pulling it back onto itself (180 degrees). Never pull it straight up off the decal (90 degrees
38、). 3.3.10 Scratch Test. If specified on the Engineering drawing, along with the requirement, the scratch test shall be conducted per GMW14698. 3.4 Additional Requirements. 3.4.1 Test Requirements. 3.4.1.1 Heat Aging. Samples prepared per 3.2.1 are oven aged at 168 h 80C. Cool to room temperature pri
39、or to testing and test within 4 h. 3.4.1.2 Thermal Cycling (GMW14124). Expose appearance and durability samples, wrap test samples, and adhesion test samples prepared per 3.2.1 to two cycles of Cycle C. 3.4.1.3 Humidity Resistance (GMW14729 either Option A or B). Expose samples prepared per 3.2.1 fo
40、r 168 h. After removal from the chamber, blot dry with an absorbent cloth. 3.4.1.4 Florida Open Rack Direct Weathering Exposure (GMW14873). Separate samples Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
41、 without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW16243 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 4 of 10 prepared per 3.2.1 shall be subjected to 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months exposure at 5 degrees facing south in Florida. Gloss loss after 24 months
42、Florida exposure shall be 20% (unpolished) and 10% (polished) maximum after 24 months, and 35% (unpolished) and 30% (polished) maximum after 60 months. There shall be no mildew/fungus growth observed after a minimum of 24 months Florida exposure. The following exposure times are optional, and shall
43、be called-out on the part drawing: 36 months 48 months 60 months 3.4.1.4.1 Visual Examination. Wash weathered specimens prior to making measurements and observations. Wash with scrubbing action, using a sponge that is saturated with a solution consisting of soap and deionized water at +23 3C. Expose
44、d parts shall not exhibit any indications of surface tackiness or embrittlement, change in hardness, blooming, blistering or other factors that might affect the function or appearance of the part. The color change shall not exceed a E of 3.0 units. The color change shall be measured per ISO 7724-1 o
45、r SAE J1545 (CIELAB color space, 10 observer, metering orifice 10 mm, Illuminant D65, specular component included). Visual color change that is considered objectionable shall override the E measurement. Part must not exhibit objectionable color change. Note: Completion of Florida testing is not requ
46、ired for initial Engineering approval. The testing, however, shall be ongoing (with a minimum of 24 months Florida, and 4500 kJ/m2 Xenon exposures completed) before an approval is granted. 3.4.1.4.2 Natural Weathering Test Location Areas. Any of the following locations are considered equivalent as a
47、 test sample location. Obtain agreement from the regional GM Engineering group prior to sending test samples out for exposure. Miami or Southern Area, Florida, USA Jurez, Mexico Allunga, Queensland, Australia Cruz Alta, Brazil Okinawa, Japan 3.4.1.5 Xenon Arc Weatherometer (SAE J2527) Extended Ultra
48、violet (UV) Filter Combination. Samples prepared per 3.2.1 shall be exposed to 2500 kJ/m, and 4500 kJ/m per SAE J2527, extended UV filters. Gloss loss after 2500 kJ/m2 is 15% (polished and unpolished) maximum, and after 4500 kJ/m2 is 20% (polished and unpolished) maximum. See 3.4.1.4.1 for visual ex
49、amination requirements. Run one sample to failure, or 5500 kJ/m2. These requirements are for weatherometers supplied by Atlas. If weatherometers from other suppliers are used, correlation must be demonstrated with long term open rack weathering results (see 3.4.1.4). Test various constructions (clear, and pig
