1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS General Specification GMW3116 Recyclability/Recoverability Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 6 1 Introduction Note: Nothing in this standard supercedes applic
2、able laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. The purpose of this specification is to facilitate compliance with current and future legislation regarding Recyclability/Recoverability. 1.1 Scope. This s
3、tandard contains Requirements and Guidelines to Improve the Recyclability and Recoverability, (Section 3). 1.2 Mission/Theme. The GM designer and the supplier community are to design recyclable/recoverable products that have maximum end of life value. The guidelines are written for current technolog
4、y. As technology progresses the guidelines will be updated. 1.3 Classification. Not applicable. 2 References Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ASTM D7611/D7611M Directive 2005/64/EC ISO 1629 ISO 22628 Directive
5、70/156/EEC ISO 1043-1 ISO 11469 Law Number 8405 (South Korea) Directive 2000/53/EC ISO 1043-2 ISO 18064 SAE J2332 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 2.3 Additional References. Customer Care and Aftersales Packaging Requirements GM1738G GMW Global Recyclability and Recoverability Rate (RRR) Cal
6、culation Process document (CG3472) Engineering Statement of Requirements (eSOR) 3 Requirements 3.1 Marking of Polymeric Parts. Polymeric parts shall be labeled. Legible plastic compound identification symbol must appear on surface by; 1) molded in (raised/depressed 0.3 to 0.4 mm) or by; 2) surface p
7、rinting. The mark should be placed where the consumer cannot see it when the vehicle is assembled. See Table 1 for additional requirements. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
8、from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3116 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 2 of 6 Table 1: Additional Requirements for Marking of Polymeric Parts Plastic parts having a weight of more than 100 g must be labeled. Elastomer parts having a weigh
9、t of more than 200 g must be labeled. Part smaller than the grams listed above should be labeled if possible (space permitting). The recommended minimum letter height should be at least 3 mm high. Larger letter sizes should be used on larger parts when there is more space available for the polymeric
10、 marking. 3.1.1 Marking of Plastic Parts. See Table 2 for the appropriate reference standard to determine requirements for the labeling and identification of vehicle plastic parts. Table 2: Reference Standards for Marking of Plastic Parts ISO 1043-1; Plastics - Symbols and Abbreviated Terms. Part 1:
11、 Basic Polymers and their Special Characteristics ISO 1043-2; Plastics - Symbols and Abbreviated Terms. Part 2: Fillers and Reinforcing Materials ISO 11469; Plastics - Generic Identification and Marking of Plastic Products ISO 18064; Thermoplastic Elastomers - Nomenclature and Abbreviated Terms 3.1.
12、2 Marking of Rubber Parts. See Table 3 for the appropriate reference standard to determine requirements for the labeling and identification of vehicle elastomer parts. Table 3: Reference Standards for Marking of Rubber Parts ISO 1629; Rubbers and Lattices - Nomenclature. Note: This shall not apply t
13、o the labeling of tires. SAE J2332; Marking of Rubber Parts 3.2 Component Parts Deemed to be Non Reusable. Component parts deemed to be non-reusable according to the Directive 2005/64/EC, Annex V, and its amendments, shall not be reused in new vehicles. 3.3 Material Composition. Material Composition
14、 information must be provided to GM via the International Material Data System (IMDS) as per the requirements of GMW3059 for full Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) approval. Also to comply with recyclability/recoverability requirements, (e.g., Type Approval Directive 70/156/EEC, End of Life Ve
15、hicle Directive 2000/53/EC, Law Number 8405 (South Korea), etc.), GM may request IMDS data from suppliers prior to PPAP. In this case suppliers must provide material composition information via IMDS for specific vehicle parts prior to PPAP approval. GM will notify suppliers of affected parts and whe
16、n material composition information via IMDS is required. 3.4 Guidelines to Improve the Recyclability/Recoverability. Improve the recyclability/recoverability of vehicle components during the design process, remembering that GM materials and/or performance requirements in the Engineering Statement of
17、 Requirements (eSOR) must be fulfilled. 3.4.1 Material Selection. 3.4.1.1 Standardize Material Selection. Use the same material type(s) on specific components or subsystems across product lines. 3.4.1.2 Select Recyclable Materials. Select materials for which recycling technologies are currently prac
18、ticed. 3.4.1.3 Minimize the Use of Multi-Material Parts. 3.4.1.4 Limit Material Types Used within Part Assemblies. 3.4.1.5 Reduce or Eliminate Coatings. Uncoated materials are easier and less costly to recycle than coated materials. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with
19、 General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3116 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 3 of 6 3.4.1.6 Reduce Fasteners. Reduce the number and types of fasteners
20、used in vehicle components for easier disassembly for refurbishment or recycling. 3.4.1.7 Adhesive Use. Avoid adhering dissimilar materials together to facilitate sorting/recycling of materials at the end of vehicle life. 3.4.2 Design for Pre-Treatment. 3.4.2.1 Operating Fluids. Provisions shall be
21、made in the part, system and vehicle design for fast and efficient removal of operating fluids from vehicle systems. Examples of these systems include: Fuel Tank Engine Oil Pan Gearbox/Transmission Brake System Air Conditioning System Shock Absorbers Engine Cooling System/Radiator Battery Cooling Sy
22、stem/Radiator Power Steering System Windshield Washer Fluid Engine Mounting System Coolant Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) Tank Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Tank Note: Draining of fluids may be accomplished using pressure, vacuum or gravity. Fluid containers should have only one low point that is easy to
23、 locate. 3.4.2.2 Parts and Components. Provisions shall be made in the part, system and vehicle design for fast removal of the batteries, oil filters, LPG tanks, CNG tanks, tires and catalytic converters during the pre-treatment phase. 3.4.3 Design for Dismantling. Polymeric parts should be designed
24、 for dismantling. 3.4.3.1 If polymeric parts, weighing more than 100 g, need to be dismantled, design the polymeric part for dismantling to comply with recyclability/recoverability requirements. End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) treatment technology may vary per the specific country (e.g., North America, Ko
25、rea, China, India, etc.) The GM design engineer should review the GM Global RRR Calculation Process document, Appendix A, Table A2 when verification is needed for design for dismantling. Parts listed in the GM Global RRR Calculation Process document, Appendix A, Table A1 are of highest priority for
26、verification. 3.4.4 Recycled Content. 3.4.4.1 Use Recycled Materials. Recycled content material shall be used where technically feasible and economically viable. Select materials that have post-consumer or post-industrial recycled content. Post-consumer waste is product that has been discarded by an
27、 individual, commercial enterprise or other public or private entity after having fulfilled its intended application or use. Post-industrial waste is product or material that has been generated as a by-product of a given process which has properties significantly different than those of the original
28、 material and therefore in its current form cannot be recycled back through the same general process (See Glossary for examples). Recycled materials used must be reported per GMW3059. 3.4.4.2 Carry Over Parts. Part releases with recycled content materials should be carried over from the previous mod
29、el. 3.4.4.3 Maximize Use of Black or Natural Components. Design and select plastic and textile materials and trim assemblies, that use black or heather colored materials to enhance the use of recycled materials. Using natural (not colored) resins increases the applications the material can be recycl
30、ed into. 3.4.5 Minimize Packaging and Packaging Offal. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3116 Copyright 2012 General Motors
31、 Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 4 of 6 3.4.5.1 Review GM Packaging Specifications. GM1738 and/or Customer Care and Aftersales Packaging Requirements contain recyclability requirements. These documents are available on . 3.4.5.2 Eliminate wherever possible the use of plugs, caps, and
32、covers. Some of the plugs, caps and covers were originally intended to protect parts during shipment in bulk loaded containers. The assemblies may now be shipped in layered returnable trays to protect them. 3.4.5.3 Use a common recyclable material for all necessary plugs, caps, and covers such as Lo
33、w Density Polyethylene (LDPE) whenever possible. 3.4.5.4 Use a natural color resin if possible for all plugs, caps, and covers. Natural resin is easier to sell on the recycle market than colored resin. 3.4.5.5 Mark all Polymeric Plugs, Caps and Covers. Identify the type of polymer by marking each pa
34、rt according to 3.1 in this specification or with the appropriate Society of Plastics Industry (SPI) symbol (See ASTM D7611/D7611M) for packaging materials. 4 Validation 4.1 General. 4.1.1 Recyclability/Recoverability Calculation. This requirement only applies to GM Materials Engineering to verify w
35、hether recyclability/recoverability requirements are fulfilled for the reference vehicle, including parts. Detailed documentation of process can be found in the GMW Global Recyclability and Recoverability Rate (RRR) Calculation Process document (CG3472). 4.2 Validation Cross Reference Index. Not app
36、licable. 4.3 Supporting Paragraphs. 4.3.1 Vehicle Recyclability/Recoverability. Vehicle recyclability/recoverability calculation shall be carried out per ISO 22628, Road Vehicles - Recyclability and Recoverability - Calculation Method. 4.3.2 Part Recyclability/Recoverability. If a declaration of the
37、 dismantling of a part is required according to ISO 22628, the calculation of the percent recyclability/recoverability of the part is conducted based on the calculation sheet in the GM Global RRR Calculation Process document. See the GM Global RRR Calculation Process document - Appendix 9, Table 9.4
38、 to verify whether the part can be dismantled. 5 Provisions for Shipping Not applicable. 6 Notes 6.1 Glossary. 6.1.1 General Terms. Dismantling: To remove parts and materials from the vehicle. Note: Destructive methods may be used for recycling purposes. End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV): A vehicle the hold
39、er/owner discards, intends to or is required to discard. ELV is understood as a vehicle intended to be scrapped. Energy Recovery: Use of combustible waste as a means to generate energy through direct incineration with or without other waste, but with recovery of the heat (i.e., Generating heat from
40、shredder fluff in heating stations instead of using fossil fuels). Feedstock Recycling: Material processing of used materials by chemical or thermal means into basic chemicals or monomers for plastics or hydrocarbon materials feed stock (i.e., Pyrolysis and Hydrogenation). Mechanical Recycling: Mate
41、rial processing of used materials by physical means into products (i.e., aluminum cylinder block made from secondary aluminum, boot coverings made from recycled bumper material, etc.) Offal: The waste or by-product of a process. Re-use: Any operation by which components of End-of-Life vehicles are u
42、sed for the same purpose for which they were conceived (i.e., starter, transmission, engine, etc.) Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STA
43、NDARDS GMW3116 Copyright 2012 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved November 2012 Page 5 of 6 Recovery: Reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, together with processing as a means of generating energy. Recycling: Reprocessing i
44、n a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes but excluding energy recovery. 6.1.2 Recycled Material Content Terms. Industrial Scrap: Industrial scrap is product or material that has been generated as a by-product of a given process, which has propertie
45、s allowing it to be recycled back through the same general process. Industrial scrap, sometimes referred to as home scrap or regrind, is not considered recycled. Post-Consumer Waste: Post-consumer waste is product that has been discarded by an individual, commercial enterprise or other public or pri
46、vate entity after having fulfilled its intended application or use (i.e., nylon carpet, polypropylene battery cases and polycarbonate water jugs, polycarbonate Compact Disc (CD) or Digital Video Disc (DVD) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles. Post-Industrial Waste: Post-industrial waste is
47、product or material that has been generated as a by-product of a given process which has properties significantly different than those of the original material and therefore in its current form cannot be recycled back through the same general process (i.e., process scrap, off specification/wide spec
48、ification/excess fiber, molding trial offal; meaning the waste or by-product of a process, trim offal, wide specification material, and unused resin from molders). Recycled Material Content: Proportion expressed as mass of the recycled material, in a product or packaging. Only post-industrial and po
49、st-consumer material shall be considered recycled content. Industrial scrap is not considered recycled content. 6.1.3 Plastics Recycling Terms. Home Scrap Regrind: Regrind which is used in the same part. For example, blue polypropylene door trim scrap used in the same blue door trim manufacturing process. Post-Consumer Regrind: Regrind which is recovered from consumers and used to make new parts. For example, Acryloni
