1、 WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS Material Specification GMW3161 Stainless Steel for Exhaust Applications Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Originating Department: North American Engineering Standards Page 1 of 12 1 Scope This specification defines corrosion resistan
2、t stainless steels primarily used in automotive exhaust applications. It covers cold and hot rolled, uncoated and coated stainless steel sheets and tapes (strips) for exhaust systems, used at GM units worldwide. The specification includes chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties, hea
3、t treatment and characteristic properties. Parameters for surface treatment, welding and filler materials are not covered with this specification. 1.1 Material Description. This specification describes stainless steels typically used in automotive exhaust systems. Stainless steels are iron base allo
4、ys containing sufficient chromium to form a passive film of surface associated oxygen. They are specified for applications which require corrosion, high temperature oxidation resistance or high temperature strength. These materials are suitable for cold forming and bending. The stabilized and low ca
5、rbon stainless steels can be readily welded with minimal risk of sensitization. Both heat treatable and non heat treatable stainless steels are described in this specification. Additional requirements or agreements may be specified by local business units. 1.1.1 Material Identification. The material
6、 designation is defined by the GMW base metal specification number, steel grade and coating (if required). Example: GMW3161M-ST-S-X2CrTi12-AL30 1.2 Symbols. Not applicable. 1.3 Typical Applications. These materials are typically used in exhaust components such as take down pipes, hangers, flanges, g
7、askets, catalytic converters and muffler internals. They are specified based on the expected part metal temperature and environmental exposure. Cross Reference Specifications are listed in Appendix C. Additional details regarding typical use are described in Appendix D. 2 References Note: Only the l
8、atest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ASTM A240 ASTM E8 EN 10088-2 ASTM A370 ASTM E112 ASTM A428 DIN 17470 ASTM A751 EN 114 2.2 GM Standards/Specifications. GMW3059 2.3 Additional References. TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guida
9、nce documents (available at ). Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Rese
10、rved June 2011 Page 2 of 12 3 Requirements 3.1 Requirements on Delivery. 3.1.1 Chemical Requirements. 3.1.1.1 Base Metal. The chemical composition of the alloys covered by this specification is listed in Appendix A, Table A1 and Table A2. The compositions are based on product analysis as determined
11、per ASTM A751 (Test Methods, Practices and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products). Other reference documents may be specified by the purchaser. These documents include EN 10088-2 Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general purposes and EN 114 (Approval pending)
12、Testing method for resistivity against intercrystalline corrosion for austenitic stainless steels. 3.1.1.2 Surface Treatment. All products except the aluminized are supplied in the uncoated condition. If surface protection or lubricants are required, the applicable specification shall be defined on
13、the purchase order. Aluminized stainless steels shall be hot dip coated on both sides to a minimum coating requirement of 30 g/m2 per side, reference ASTM A428. Type 1 coating is a hot dip aluminum-silicon alloy containing 5 to 11% silicon to promote adhesion. The coated product shall be capable of
14、180 mandrel bend at room temperature over a diameter of two times the material thickness. The coating shall show no evidence of flaking on the outside bend surface excluding 6 mm from each edge. Bend test samples shall be 50 mm in width and cut not less than 50 mm from the side and 100 mm from the e
15、nd of the sheet or coil. 3.1.2 Mechanical Requirements. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation shall meet the requirements as specified in Table A3. Mechanical properties shall be determined per ASTM A370 or per EN 10088-2 Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for gene
16、ral purposes. Material elongation may be determined by the manual method described by ASTM E8 or the calculated method described by ASTM E8. The elongation result will be reported according to ASTM E8. 3.1.3 Physical Requirements. Not specified. Typical physical properties for reference are listed i
17、n Appendix B. 3.1.3.1 Material Thickness. Thickness shall be defined on the detail part drawing. For flat roll material the preferred material thickness and tolerance for new designs are listed in Table A4. 3.1.3.2 Surface Requirements. 3.1.3.2.1 Surface Finish. For cold roll anneal and pickled shee
18、t and strip, the surface finish shall be less than 5 m Ra. 3.1.3.2.2 Surface Quality. For uncoated sheet and strip, surface scratches shall be less than 0.13 mm deep. For bar form, surface seams shall be less than 0.15 mm. 3.1.3.3 Marking. Marking shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and user.
19、 3.1.4 Additional Requirements. Requirements such as tolerances on product shape and dimensions, inspections units, number of tests, sampling, test conditions, retests, inspection documents, packing, and handling of disputes shall be agreed upon between supplier and the local business unit. 3.2 Proc
20、essing Requirements. 3.2.1 Chemical Requirements. Not applicable. 3.2.2 Mechanical Requirements. Not applicable. 3.2.3 Physical Requirements. Not applicable. 3.2.4 Additional Requirements. 3.2.4.1 Welding. The stabilized stainless steels, which are generally alloyed with Titanium or Niobium are read
21、ily weldable using stabilized stainless steel filler metals and resistant to chromium carbide sensitization under normal weld schedules. The low carbon stainless steels, with carbon content less than 0.03% show improved resistance to sensitization when welded. For non stabilized stainless steels wit
22、h carbon contents above 0.03% a post weld heat treatment is recommended to restore optimum corrosion performance. 3.2.4.2 Post Mill or Additional Processing. Bar products may be peeled or ground as defined on the purchase order. Alternatively, if peeling or grinding is a product performance requirem
23、ent it will be specified by the detailed engineering part drawing. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyright 2011 Ge
24、neral Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 3 of 12 3.3 Performance Requirements. Not applicable. 3.4 Requirements on other Stages during Life Cycle. 3.4.1 Chemical Requirements. Provisions must be made to prevent the addition of such elements (see 5.3) from scrap or other materials used
25、 in the manufacturing process which would impair the recyclability of the finished components. 4 Manufacturing Process Not applicable. 5 Rules and Regulations 5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recommendations valid in the country of usage. 5.2
26、Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 5.3 Inspection and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification shall be tested for conformity with the requirements of this material spe
27、cification and approved by the responsible Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies. A new approval must be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of manufacture, etc. If not otherwise agreed, all testing and documentation normall
28、y required for initial release must be completed. It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, without solicitation, and to include documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a new release. If not otherwise agreed, all rel
29、ease tests shall be repeated and documented by the supplier prior to commencement of delivery of non-conforming bulk supplies. In individual cases, a shorter test can be agreed to between the responsible Engineering department and the supplier. 5.4 Initial Source Approval. No shipments shall be made
30、 by any supplier until representative initial production samples have been approved by the appropriate Materials Engineering department(s) as meeting the requirements of this specification. 5.5 Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS). For new product submissions, or when a change i
31、n chemical composition of an existing product has occurred, a complete copy of the Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet must be submitted in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requirements or other country-specific MSDS/SDS requir
32、ements. In addition, product MSDS/SDS submissions must be in compliance with specific country General Motors TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet guidance documents where available. 5.6 All materials supplied to this standard must comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Restricted an
33、d Reportable Substances for Parts. 6 Approved Sources Engineering qualifications of an approved source are required for this standard. Only sources listed in the GM Materials File (i.e., GM Supply Power) under this standard number have been qualified by Engineering as meeting the requirements of thi
34、s standard. For other GM locations, the responsible Engineering group should be contacted to obtain the approved source in that individual country. 7 Notes 7.1 Glossary. Not applicable. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. GHS Globally Harmonized System MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet SDS Safet
35、y Data Sheet Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Pag
36、e 4 of 12 8 Coding System This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: Material per GMW3161 9 Release and Revisions This standard was originated in August 1998. It was first published in June 2002. Issue Publication Date Description (Organization) 1 JUN 2002 Init
37、ial publication. 2 MAY 2005 Revised section 3.1.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3.2.1, Table A2 and Table A3; Content changes made to 3.1.2 (Mechanical Requirements) 3 JAN 2011 Update template and standards references. (Non ferrous Metals GSSLT) 4 JUN 2011 Added new grades and revised coating requirements. (Non fer
38、rous Metals GSSLT) Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 20
39、11 Page 5 of 12 Appendix A Table A1: Chemical Composition Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels Note 1, Note 2 GMW Material Type C Mn Si S P Cr Ni Mo Al N Stabilization X2CrTi12 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 10.50 to 12.50 0.50 - - 0.03 Single stabilized: Ti 8x (C+N); 0.08 minimum Dual stabilized:
40、Ti + Nb 0.08 + 8x (C+N) X2CrNi12 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 10.50 to 11.75 0.75 to 1.00 - - 0.03 Ti stabilized: Ti 8x (C+N); 0.08 minimum Nb stabilized: Nb 10x C X12Cr13 0.15 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 11.50 to 13.50 0.75 - - - - - X2Cr13 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 11.00 to 13.50 0.75 - - - - - X6Cr17 0.
41、12 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 16.00 to 18.00 0.75 - - - - - X3CrNb17 0.05 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 16.00 to 18.80 - - - - Nb=12xC 1.00 max. X6CrMoNb17-1 0.08 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 16.0 to 18.0 - 0.80 to 1.40 - 0.04 Nb=(7x(C+N)+0.10) 1.00 max. X2CrMoTi17-1 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 16.00 to 18.00 - 0.80 to
42、1.40 - 0.02 0.30-0.60 X2CrTi17 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.040 16.00 to 20.00 0.50 - - 0.04 Ti 0.20 + 4x (C+N) X2CrTiNb18 0.03 1.00 1.00 0.015 0.040 17.50 to 18.50 - - - - (3xC+0.30) to 1.00 Ti 0.10 to 0.30 X10CrA120-5 mod. 0.1 1.00 1.00 0.030 0.045 19.00 to 22.00 - - 5.5 to 7.0 - - Dual stabilized: Nb +
43、 Ti 0.20 + 4x (C+N) Note: min. = minimum, max. = maximum. Note 1: Single values listed are maximum unless otherwise noted. Note 2: Chemical composition based on product analysis. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction o
44、r networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyright 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 6 of 12 Table A2: Chemical Composition Austenitic Stainless Steel Note 1, Note 2 GMW Material Type C Mn Si S P Cr Ni Mo Al N Stabili
45、zation X12CrNi17-7 0.15 2.00 1.00 0.030 0.045 16.00 to 18.00 6.00 to 8.00 - - - - - X8CrNiS18-9 0.15 2.00 1.00 0.15 min. 0.200 17.00 to 19.00 8.00 to 10.00 - - - - - X5CrNi18-10 0.08 2.00 1.00 0.030 0.045 18.00 to 20.00 8.00 to 10.50 - - 0.10 - X2CrNi18-9 0.03 2.00 1.00 0.030 0.045 18.00 to 20.00 8.
46、00 to 13.00 - - 0.10 - X15CrNiSi20-12 0.2 2.00 1.50 to 2.00 0.015 0.045 19.00 to 21.00 11.00 to 13.00 - - 0.11 - X12CrNi23-13 0.15 2.00 1.00 0.015 0.045 22.00 to 24.00 12.00 to 14.00 - - 0.11 - - X12CrNi25-21 0.25 2.00 1.50 0.030 0.045 24.00 to 26.00 19.00 to 22.00 - - - - - X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 0.08 2
47、.00 0.75 0.030 0.045 16.00 to 18.50 10.00 to 14.00 2.00 to 3.00 - - Ti: 5 x (C+N) min. Ti:0.70 max. X6CrNiTi18-10 0.08 2.00 1.00 0.010 to 0.030 0.045 17.00 to 19.00 9.00 to 12.00 - - 0.10 Ti 5x (C+N) min. Ti:0.70 max. Note: min. = minimum, max. = maximum. Note 1: Single values listed are maximum unl
48、ess otherwise noted. Note 2: Chemical composition based on product analysis. Copyright General Motors Company Provided by IHS under license with General Motors CompanyNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS GMW3161 Copyrig
49、ht 2011 General Motors Company All Rights Reserved June 2011 Page 7 of 12 Table A3: Mechanical Properties Note 1 GMW Material Type Formability Designation (Specified by Manufacturing) Note 2 Tensile Strength, (MPa) Yield Strength, (MPa) Elongation, % X2CrTi12 1 380 170 20 X2CrTi12 2 380 170 to 290 28 X2CrTi12-Al30 1 380 170 18 X2CrTi12-Al30 2 380 205 to 340 26 X2CrNi12 1
