1、Doc 8071 Volume I Amendment No. 1 3 i /10/02 Transmittal Note MANUAL ON TESTING OF RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS VOLUME I TESTING OF GROUND-BASED RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Fourth Edition - 2000 Amendment No. 1 1. To incorporate Amendment No. 1 : a) replace page (v) by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; b
2、) replace page (vio by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; c) replace pages 1-2 to 1-7 by the attached new pages dated 3 1/10/02; d) replace page 1-1 7 by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; e) replace page 2-3 by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; f) replace pages 3-3 to 3-10 by the attac
3、hed new pages dated 3 1/ g) replace pages 4-1 to 4-23 by the attached new pages dated 3 1/ h) replace page 4-36 by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; 0/02; 0/02; i) replace pages 5-6 to 5-8 by the attached new pages dated 3 1/10/02; j) replace page 6-3 by the attached new page dated 3 1/10/02; k
4、) replace pages 6-5 to 6-7 by the attached new pages dated 3 1/10/02; i) replace pages 7-8 and 7-9 by the attached new pages dated 3 1 /10/02; Record the entry of this amendment on page (ii). 2. Doc 8071 Volume I Fourth Edition MANUAL ON TESTING OF RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS VOLUME I TESTING OF GROUND-BA
5、SED RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authoris, Fourth Edition - 2000 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, e
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17、, ICAO Doc 8071 Volume I Fourth Edition MANUAL ON TESTING OF RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS VOLUME I TESTING OF GROUND- BASED RADIO NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Fourth Edition - 2000 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION AMENDMENTS Date No. of iss
18、ue The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. Date Entered en
19、tered by RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS Entered applicable entered I , I I I (ii) Foreword The need for uniform navigational guidance signals and consistent system performance for radio navigation aids used in the international aeronautical services has been recognized as an importan
20、t adjunct to safety and regularity in civil aviation. ICAO continuing air navigation policies, and associated practices of the Organization in their part concerning ground and flight testing of radio navigation aids, call attention to this need and encourage improve- ments in radio navigation ground
21、 equipment, including associated testing and monitoring facilities, with the view to minimizing, to the extent practicable, the more demand- ing requirements of flight testing. Annex 10, Volume I, 2.7, provides an international Standard on the ground and flight testing of radio navigation aids. This
22、 new edition of Doc 8071 comprises three Volumes as follows: Volume I (fourth edition) - Testing of Ground-Based Radio Navigation System Volume II (fourth edition) - Testing of Satellite-based Radio Navigation Systems (under development) Volume III (first edition) - Testing of Surveillance Radar Sys
23、tem Volume I, Testing of Ground-based Radio Navigation Systems, was developed by the Testing of Radio Navigation Study Group (TRNSG) and replaces the previous Volumes I and II of the third edition except the testing of surveillance radars which is addressed in Volume ID. The purpose of this document
24、 is to provide general guidance on the extent of testing and inspection normally carried out to ensure that radio navigation systems meet the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) in Annex 10. The guidance is representative of practices existing in a number of States with considerable experien
25、ce in the operation and maintenance of these systems. This document describes the ground and flight testing to be accomplished for a specific radio navigation aid, and provides relevant information about special equipment required to carry out certain major tests. It is not intended to recommend cer
26、tain models of equipment, but rather to provide general details relative to the systems under consideration. Throughout this document, measurements have been given in SI units and non-SI approximate equivalents, the accuracy of conversion depends upon the general require- ments of each specific stag
27、e. Comments on this volume would be appreciated from States and other parties outside ICAO concerned with radio navigation systems development and provision of services. Comments, if any, should be addressed to: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Mo
28、ntreal, Quebec Canada H3C 5H7 (iii) Table of Contents Page Page List of acronyms (vi9 Chapter 1 . General . 1-1 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.3 Scope of the document 1 . 1 1.4 Ground versus flight 1.5 1.2 Purpose of the document 1-1 testinginspection . 1-1 and inspections 1-2 1.6 Operational status . 1-3 1
29、.7 Authority for facility status determination . 1-3 1.8 Notification of change of status . 1-3 1.9 Airborne and ground test equipment requirements . 1-3 1.1 O Coordination between ground and flight testinginspection . 1-3 1.1 1 Flight inspection unit . 1-3 1.14 Spectrum analysis . 1-7 periodicity .
30、 1-7 Categories and priorities of tests 1.12 Organization and quality 1-5 1.13 Electromagnetic interference . 1-7 1.15 Ground and flight inspection 1.16 Flight inspection at night 1-9 Attachment 1 . Flight inspection aircraft . 1 . 1 1 Attachment 2 . Documentation and data recording . 1 . 1 5 Attach
31、ment 3 . Interference issues . 1-1 7 Chapter 2 . Very high frequency omni- directional radio range (VOR) . 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2- 1 2.2 Ground testing 2-1 2.3 Flight testing . 2-6 Chapter 3 . Distance measuring equipment (DME) 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Groundtesting 3-1 3.3 Flight testing . 3-3
32、3.4 DMEDME RNAV procedures . 3-7 Chapter 4 . Instrument landing system (ILS) 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Ground testing 4-2 4.3 Flight testing . 4-10 4.4 ILS-related topics 4-23A Appendix A . (Sample) flight inspection report 4-40 Chapter 5 . Non-directional beacon (NDB) 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.
33、2 Ground testing 5-2 5.3 Flight testing . 5-3 Chapter 6 . En-route VHF marker beacons (75 MHz) . 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Ground testing 6-1 6.3 Flight testing . 6-2 Chapter 7 . Precision approach radar (PAR) 7-1 7.1 Introduction 7-1 7.2 Ground testing 7-2 7.3 Flight testing . 7-4 3 1/10/02 No .
34、 1 (vi) Manual on Testinn of Radio Navination Aids Page Page Chapter 8 . Flight inspection of instrument 8.6 Adjustments 8-4 flight procedures 8-1 8.7 Reports 8-4 8.1 Introduction 8-1 Appendix A . 8.2 Pre-flight requirements . 8-1 Recommendation ITU-R IS.1140 . A-1 8.4 Analysis . 8-4 Appendix B - 8.
35、5 Tolerances . 8-4 Recommendation ITU-R IS.1009-1 . B-1 8.3 Flight inspection procedures . 8-2 List of Acronyms ADF AFC AGC AM ATC ATIS CATV CVOR cw DDM DME DVOR EIRP EMIBMC FM FMS GNSS IAP IF IFR ILS IM/MM/OM INS ISM ITE LF/MF/HF MDS Automatic direction finder Automatic frequency control Automatic
36、gain control Amplitude modulation Air trafic control Automatic terminal information service Cable television Conventional VOR Continuous wave Difference in depth of modulation Distance measuring equipment Doppler VOR Equivalent isotropic radiated power Electromagnetic interferencecompatibility Frequ
37、ency modulation Flight management system Global navigation satellite system Instrument approach procedure Intermediate frequency Instrument flight rules Instrument landing system Inner/middle/outer marker Inertial navigation system Industrial scientific medical Information technology equipment Lowme
38、diumhigh frequency Minimum discernible signal MHA MLS MOCA MRA MSL MTBF MTBO NDB PAR PLC PM POP PRF RDH RF RMS RNAV ROCMOC SAMs SDM SID SE STAR VFR VMC VOR VS WR Minimum holding altitude Microwave landing system Minimum obstacle clearance altitude Minimum reception altitude Mean sea level Mean time
39、between failures Mean time between outages Non directional beacon Precision approach radar Power line carrier Phase modulation Proof of performance Pulse repetition frequency Recommended datum height Radio frequency Root mean square Area Navigation Required or minimum obstacle clearance Standards an
40、d recommended practices Sum of modulation depths Standard instrument departure Surveillance radar element Standard arrival route Visual flight rules Visual meteorological conditions VHF omnidirectional radio range Voltage standing wave ratio MEA Minimum en-route altitude (vii) 3 1/10/02 No. 1 Chapte
41、r 1 GENERAL 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.1 Annex 10, Volume I, Chapter 2, 2.7 states, “Radio navigation aids of the types covered by the specifications in Chapter 3 and available for use by aircraft engaged in international air navigation shall be the subject of periodic ground and flight tests”. 1.1.2 Volu
42、me I of the Manual on Testing of Radio Navigation Aids (Doc 8071, Fourth Edition) addresses ground-based radio navigation systems. This document contains “guidance material” only. The texts and pro- cedures outlined do not have the status of Standards and Recommended Practices (SAWS) except for iden
43、tified quotations from Annex 10. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT This document is intended to provide general guidance on the extent of testing and inspection normally carried out to ensure that radio navigation systems meet the SARPs in Annex 10. The guidance is representative of practices existing in
44、a number of States with considerable experi- ence in the operation and maintenance of these systems. 1.3 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 1.3.1 This document describes the ground and flight testing to be accomplished for a specific radio navigation aid, and provides relevant information about special equipment
45、 required to carry out certain major tests. It is not intended to recommend certain models of equipment, but rather to provide general details relative to the systems under consideration. 1.3.2 System testing is addressed in this document in general terms. System testing is normally done as part of
46、design and development activities, prior to volume production and individual site installations. System testing includes design qualification testing, operational testing and evaluation, and “shakedown” tests. 1.3.3 In this document, the terms “testing” and “inspection” have the following meanings:
47、- Testing: A specific measurement or check of facility performance that may form a part of an inspection when integrated with other tests. - Inspection: A series of tests carried out by a State authority or an organization as authorized by the State to establish the operational classification of the
48、 facility. 1.4 GROUND VERSUS FLIGHT TESTING/INSPECTION 1.4.1 Ground tests are carried out by atrained specialist using appropriate test equipment at the facility or at a point on the ground remote from the site. Flight tests are those carried out in the air by a trained flight crew using a suitably
49、equipped aircraft. Serious consideration should be given to the relative merits of these two methods taking into account both technical and economic factors. 1.4.2 Ground tests are usually more appropriate and less costly for accurate and quick evaluation of the facility performance. Flight tests are required to examine the signals-in-space as received at the aircraft after being influenced by external factors such as site conditions, ground conductivity, terrain irregularities, metallic struc- tures, propagation effects, etc. Certain tests that
