1、ICA0 8259 * W 4841416 0034385 645 W DOC 8259-AN/936 MANUAL ON THE PLANNING AND ENGINEERING OF THE AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK FIFTH EDITION - 1991 Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION COPYRIGHT International Ci
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8、ublications Services, Greville House, 37 Gratton Road, Cheltenham, Glos., GL5O 2BN. The Catalogue of ICAO Publications Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. COPYRIGHT Internati
9、onal Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling Servicesa ICA0 8259 * W 48434Lb 0034387 4LB W Manual on the Planning and Engineering of the Aeronautical Fixed Teiecommunication Network DOC 8259-AN/936 Fifth Edition - 1991 COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed b
10、y Information Handling ServicesICAO 8259 * 484343b 0034388 354 AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly supplements to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications, which holders of this publication should consult. These amendments are available free upon request.
11、 No. Date Entered by -t-t-l () COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesICAO 8259 * 484343b 0034389 290 (iii) Foreword This manual detni!s the technical principles and guidance material relative to the planning and engineering of the aeronautical fi
12、xed telecommunication network (AFTN). The technical principles and associated guidance material cover the AFTN operation utilizing low modulation rates and those parts of the network known as the common ICAO data interchange network (CIDIN). For convenience of reference the subject matter has been d
13、ealt with under six headings as follows: a) AFI“ regional planning; b) CIDIN; c) network performance; d) AFTN routing; e) communication centre techniques; and f) operational meteorological data exchanges. While describing the techniques and requirement of the various systems which can be implemented
14、 at centres or stations in the AFITI, this manual is not intended to indicate preference for any particular system. The choice of system will depend on a variety of circumstances and requirements such as the location concerned, the amount of traffic to be handled and its relevant importance in the n
15、etwork as a whole. COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesICAO 8259 * H 4843416 0014390 TO2 H Table of Contents Chapter 1 . GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR USE IN AFTN REGIONAL PLANNING I . 1 The nature of the AFTN 1.2 ICAO policy for the AFTN . - ICA0 poli
16、cy on AFTN planning . - ICAO policy on AITN implementation - ICAO policy on AFTN operation . Principles for use in AFTN planning and engineering I . 3 Introduction Group I - Principles concerning network configuration . Group 2 - Principlas concerning communication centres Group 3 - Principles conce
17、rning circuits and channels Group 4 . Principles concerning the routing and predetermined distribution of messages and/or digital data Chapter 2 . COMMON ICAO DATA INTERCHANGE NETWORK (CIDLN) . 2 .I 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Introduction The CIDIN concept . Design considerations . - Introduction . Estimat
18、e of requirements . . Transitional problems . . Interfaces . Conformance with international standards . Features of CIDIN . A layered architecture . . Evolving layered implementation of the CIDIN . . CIDIN facilities . Protocols . Physical level . . Data link protocol . . Pap2 Page Chapter 3 . NETWO
19、RK PERFORMANCE . 49 1 I 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 6 9 II 13 13 13 16 16 16 17 18 19 19 19 21 23 25 25 25 3.1 The low-speed AFTN . 49 . Transit-time criteria 49 . Congestion dclays . 50 . Relay time of the station at which a message is filed . Components of transit time . 54 58 . Relay time of an en-route relay
20、station . 59 . Relay time of the destination station . 61 . Permissible channel load on AFTN teletypewriter circuits . 61 3.2 CIDIN 63 . Introduction 63 . Deiinitions . 63 . Determination of reliability characteristics . 64 . System failure requirements . 64 . Parameters of software quality . 67 . M
21、odes of operation . 65 . Quality of data links 68 . Human factors 69 . Conclusions 70 . Transit times . 70 . Transit time calculations . 71 Appendix to Chapter 3 . EXAMPLE FOR TRANSIT TIME CALCULATIONS 73 Chapter 4 . AFI“ ROUTING . 83 4.1 Introdtiction 83 4.2 General . 83 4.3 Single-address traffic
22、84 . General . 84 . Action at communication centres . 84 4.4 Multi-address traffic 84 . General . 84 . The method of predetermined responsibiliiies 85 . Normal routing according to predetermined . Stripped addressing . 85 . . X.25 packet level procedures 31 responsibilities 85 - CIDIN packet protoco
23、l 33 4.5 Problems in the method of predetermined . CIDIN transport protocol 35 responsibilities 86 onCIDIN . 37 4.7 How to correct the problem . 88 Fiinciions 37 . The shortened address condition 86 . Handling of messages in AFTN forinat 4.6 Multiple problems in routing 87 - Dctcction of the need to
24、 add a shortcncd address 88 Appendix to Chapter 2 . CIDIN PACKET AND . Dctection at manual and semi-automatic TRANSPORT HEADER FOKILIAT 47 communication centres 88 (v) COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesICA0 8259 * m 484143b 0034393 949 m (vi)
25、 Manual on the Planning and Engineering of the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 - Detection at fully automatic communication centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Addition of the shortened address . . . . . . . . Diversion of single-address traffic . .
26、. . . . . . . . . - Manual and semi-automatic communication centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - FuUy automatic communication centre . . . . . The diversion of multi-address traffic . . . . . . . . Diversion programming at the communication centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Complet
27、e diversion of traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . - Partial diversion of traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Diversion method in conformity with Annex 10, Volume II, 4.4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Routing restrictims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of niles for routing . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . Methcd of network planning and development of routing directories on the basis of AFTX planning in a region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Considerations on the complexity of networks and the complexity of the provision for message rouung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . - Complexity of a network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Minimum network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - The polygonal network (without diagonal) . . - Maximum or complete network . . . . . . . . . . - incomplete network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Complexity of messag
30、e routing . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5. COMMUNICATIOlr; CEliTRE TECHNIQUFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 5.3 Tom-tape relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Push-button tom-tape relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semi-automatic relay . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 92 92 92 92 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 97 LOO 100 i01 101 Page 5.4 5.5 Fully automatic relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switching centre design . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , , - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , ,
32、 . . - Description of packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operational and technical control . . . . . . . . . . . - Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . - General . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . - Facilities required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - S
33、upervisoty command/respse formats andalaxms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 103 103 103 107 107 107 107 110 5.6 Appendix A to Chapter 5. EXAMPLES OF SUPERVISORY COMMAND/RESPONSES AND FORMATS . . . . . . 111 Appendix B to Chapter 5. EXAMPLES OF SUPERVISORY ALARMS ,., . 115 Appendix
34、C to Chapter 5. CIDIN COMiMAND/RESPONSE FORMATS .,. 117 Chapter 6. OPERATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL (OPMET) DATA EXCHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.2 Introduction . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . . . Principles for the planning of OPMET data exchanges including the
35、use of international databanks Attachment A. LIST OF AFTN TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . Attachment B. GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR GROUND-GROUND DATA IhTERCHANGE OVER DATA LINKS USING CHARACTER-ORIENTED DATA LINK COhTROL PROCEDLXFS , . . . . . , . 119 119 119 123 127 COPYRIGHT International Civil Aviation
36、OrganizationLicensed by Information Handling ServicesICAO 8257 * W 484343b 0034392 885 W Chapter 1 GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR USE IN AFTN REGIONAL PLANNING 1.1 THE NATURE OF THE AFTN 1.1.1 The aeronautical fixed service is defined in Annex IO as “A telecommunication service between specified fixed points
37、 provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular. efficient and economical operation of air services”. Any aeronautical telecommunica- tion circuit between xed points. whether it be a telephone, teletypewriter. radioteletypewriter, ftrcsimile circuit or data link or whether i
38、t uses any other communication method, is an aeronautical fixed circuit. 1.1.2 Some of these aeronautical tixed circuits are provided to satisfy a particular requirement for communica- tion between two points, but a specific group of them is provided throughout the ICAO regions as a means whereby wr
39、itten (as distinct from voice) messages and/or digital data may be transmitted from any station, concerned with the operation of aircraft. to any other such station within the sanie region. or in any other region. 1.1.3 Some circuits in this specific group are entirely within, and are entirely the c
40、oncern of, one particular State or territory; others are provided, as international circuits, between stations in different States or territories. The whole group of circuits is welded into a Co-operative network permitting messages and/or digital data to be exchanged between stations by virtue of t
41、he adoption of world-wide conventions and procedures for the exchange of messages and/or digital data. Without these provisions, the circuits would remain a collection of disembodied circuits; with them. they become a network. 1.1.4 The aeronautical fixed telecommunication network, the AFN, is detin
42、ed in Annex 10 as “a world- wide system of aeronautical tixed circuits provided, as part of the aeronautical fixed service, for the exchange of messages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed stations having the same or compatible communications characteristics.” 1.1.5 It should be noted tha
43、t there are really three conditions to be satisfied before a circuit can properly be regarded as an AFTN circuit: a) it must be “integrated”. i.e. provisions must exist for the relay of messages and/or digital data between the circuit concerned and other circuits of the network; b) messages and/or d
44、igital data flowing on the circuit must be prepared and handed according to the procedures prescribed in Annex 10; and c) irrespective of whether the circuit has been estab- lished and operated directly by a State administra- tion (or administrations) or by an agency “sponsored, licensed or otherwis
45、e permitted by the State to establish or operate _” the circuit, the ultimate responsibility OF its operation must have been assumed by the State or States concerned. Note.- The conditioti of I. 1.2 e) e-vcludes .from tlie A FTN cestuiti AFS circuits estublisheci by uirlities os rigeticies, despite
46、the fact that the otlies two cotiditiotis use sntisjrd. 1.1.6 The AFTN is a common user network in the sense that it exists to serve many services and to transmit many types of messages and/or digital data. It exists primarily for the safety of air navigation and additionally for the regular. effici
47、ent and economical operation of air services. The planning and engineering of the network should accordingly be conducted with due regard to the mutual interests of the various users. Note.- it is u cotiseqiietc( of this psitciple thut it inoy be pscfemhle fs u specicil mid ciificiilt seqiiireiiieti
48、t to be iiief by the psovisioti of uti AFS cit-cuit oiit.si b) the reliability and availability of AFTN communica- tion centres and circuits; c) cost effectiveness; d) the volume and geographical distribution of messages and/or digital data; and e) a minimum number of main AFN communication centres.
49、 ICAO policy on AFTN implementation 1.2.2 Pursuant to the planning policy set forth in 1.2.1, the ICAO policy on AFTN implementation is to effect the fully Co-ordinated and time.y implementation of: a) main AFTN communication centres and main trunk circuits; and b) tributary AFTN communication centres, AFTN stations and related circuits of the AFTN. The elements of the AFN plan drawn up in accordance with the considerations outlined in 1.2.1 shall be implemented on an evolutionary basis employing capacity and protocols commensurate with the operat
